Aging Hallmarks and the Role of Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 651 - 651

Published: March 6, 2023

Aging is a complex biological process accompanied by progressive decline in the physical function of organism and an increased risk age-related chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have established that there exist nine hallmarks aging process, including (i) telomere shortening, (ii) genomic instability, (iii) epigenetic modifications, (iv) mitochondrial dysfunction, (v) loss proteostasis, (vi) dysregulated nutrient sensing, (vii) stem cell exhaustion, (viii) cellular senescence, (ix) altered communication. All these alterations been linked to sustained systemic inflammation, mechanisms contribute timing not clearly determined yet. Nevertheless, dysfunction one most important contributing process. Mitochondria primary endogenous source reactive oxygen species (ROS). During ATP production elevated ROS together with antioxidant defense. Elevated levels can cause oxidative stress severe damage cell, organelle membranes, DNA, lipids, proteins. This contributes phenotype. In this review, we summarize recent advances emphasis on production.

Language: Английский

---

Epigenetic reprogramming as a key to reverse ageing and increase longevity

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 95, P. 102204 - 102204

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

The pursuit for the fountain of youth has long been a fascination amongst scientists and humanity. Ageing is broadly characterized by cellular decline with increased susceptibility to age-related diseases, being intimately associated epigenetic modifications. Recently, reprogramming-induced rejuvenation strategies have begun greatly alter longevity research not only tackle defects but also possibly reverse ageing process. Hence, in this review, we highlight major changes during state-of-art current emerging reprogramming leveraging on transcription factors. Notably, partial enables resetting clock without erasing identity. Promising chemical-based harnessing small molecules, including DNA methyltransferase histone deacetylase inhibitors are discussed. Moreover, parallel interventions, foundations clocks accurate assessment evaluation approaches briefly presented. Going further, such scientific breakthroughs, witnessing rise biotech industry aiming extend health span ideally achieve human one day. In context, overview main scenarios proposed future socio-economic ethical challenges an field. Ultimately, review aims inspire interventions that promote healthy all.

Language: Английский

---

Promotion of healthy aging through the nexus of gut microbiota and dietary phytochemicals

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100376 - 100376

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Aging is associated with the decline of tissue and cellular functions, which can promote development age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, disorders musculoskeletal immune systems. Healthspan length time an individual in good health free from chronic disabilities aging. Two modifiable factors that influence healthspan, healthy aging, prevent diseases, are diet microbiota gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiota). This review will discuss how dietary phytochemicals gut work concert to a First overview provided influences aging through its impact on barrier integrity, function, mitochondria function oxidative stress. Next, mechanisms by effect health, inflammation, nurture diverse microbial composition discussed. Lastly, directly producing bioactive metabolites food urolithin A, equol, hesperetin sulforaphane. These other phytochemical derived may healthspan Importantly, individual's capacity produce promoting cruciferous vegetables, berries, nuts, citrus soy products be dependent specific bacteria present gut.

Language: Английский

---

Human age reversal: Fact or fiction?

Aging Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(8)

Published: July 2, 2022

Although chronological age correlates with various age-related diseases and conditions, it does not adequately reflect an individual's functional capacity, well-being, or mortality risk. In contrast, biological provides information about overall health indicates how rapidly slowly a person is aging. Estimates of are thought to be provided by aging clocks, which computational models (e.g., elastic net) that use set inputs DNA methylation sites) make prediction. the past decade, clock studies have shown several diseases, social variables, mental conditions associate increase in predicted relative age. This phenomenon acceleration linked higher risk premature mortality. More recent research has demonstrated sensitive specific interventions. Human trials reported caloric restriction, plant-based diet, lifestyle changes involving exercise, drug regime including metformin, vitamin D3 supplementation all capable slowing down reversing clock. Non-interventional connected high-quality sleep, physical activity, healthy other factors deceleration. Specific molecules been associated reduction reversal age, such as antihypertensive doxazosin metabolite alpha-ketoglutarate. rigorous clinical needed validate these initial findings, existing data suggest clocks malleable humans. Additional warranted better understand significance lowering their outputs.

Language: Английский

---

Glycine and aging: Evidence and mechanisms

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 87, P. 101922 - 101922

Published: March 31, 2023

The restriction of calories, branched-chain amino acids, and methionine have all been shown to extend lifespan in model organisms. Recently, glycine was found boost longevity genetically heterogenous mice. This simple acid similarly extends rats improves health mammalian models age-related disease. While compelling data indicate that is a pro-longevity molecule, divergent mechanisms may underlie its effects on aging. Glycine abundant collagen, building block for glutathione, precursor creatine, an acceptor the enzyme N-methyltransferase (GNMT). A review literature strongly implicates GNMT, which clears from body by taking methyl group S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylating form sarcosine. In flies, Gnmt required reduced insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling dietary fully lifespan. geroprotector spermidine requires upregulate autophagy genes longevity. Moreover, overexpression sufficient reduce levels. Sarcosine, or methylglycine, declines with age multiple species capable inducing both vitro vivo. Taken together, existing evidence suggests prolongs life mimicking activating autophagy.

Language: Английский

---

Vascular dementia: From pathobiology to emerging perspectives

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96, P. 102278 - 102278

Published: March 19, 2024

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia. VaD synonymous with ageing, and its symptoms place a significant burden on health wellbeing older people. Despite identification substantial number risk factors for VaD, pathological mechanisms underpinning this disease remain to be fully elucidated. Consequently, biogerontological imperative exists highlight modifiable lifestyle which can mitigate against developing VaD. This review will critically examine some have been revealed modulate risk. The survey commences by providing an overview putative are associated pathobiology Next, influence examined. Finally, emerging treatment avenues including epigenetics, gut microbiome, pro-longevity pharmaceuticals discussed. By drawing key evidence together, it our hope that used inform future experimental investigations in field.

Language: Английский

---

Living in poverty and accelerated biological aging: evidence from population-representative sample of U.S. adults

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Abstract Background Biological aging reflects a decline in the functions and integrity of human body that is closely related to chronological aging. A variety biomarkers have been found predict biological age. age higher than (biological acceleration) indicates an accelerated state risk premature morbidity mortality. This study investigated how socioeconomic disadvantages influence Methods The data from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) IV, including 10 nationally representative cross-sectional surveys between 1999-2018, were utilized. analytic sample consisted N = 48,348 individuals (20-84 years). We used total 11 for estimating Our main outcome was acceleration, indexed by PhenoAge acceleration (PAA) Klemera-Doubal (KDM-A). Poverty measured as ratio family income poverty thresholds defined U.S. Census Bureau, adjusted annually inflation size (5 categories). PAA KDM-A regressed on levels, age, their interaction, education, sex, race, collection wave. Sample weights make estimates adult population. Results results showed associated with (PAA: unstandardized coefficient B 1.38 p <.001, KDM: 0.96, .026 when comparing highest lowest level categories), above beyond other covariates. association U-shaped. Importantly, there interaction levels ( <.001), effect most pronounced middle-aged categories while it modest younger elderly groups. Conclusion In US population, we positively particularly among persons.

Language: Английский

---

CheekAge: a next-generation buccal epigenetic aging clock associated with lifestyle and health

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(3), P. 3429 - 3443

Published: March 5, 2024

Abstract Epigenetic aging clocks are computational models that predict age using DNA methylation information. Initially, first-generation were developed to make predictions CpGs change with age. Over time, next-generation created relate both and health. Since existing constructed in blood, we sought develop a clock optimized for prediction cheek swabs, which non-invasive easy collect. To do this, collected MethylationEPIC data as well lifestyle health information from 8045 diverse adults. Using novel simulated annealing approach allowed us incorporate factors into training combination of CpG filtering, clustering, ensembling, CheekAge, an epigenetic has strong correlation age, displays high test–retest reproducibility across replicates, significantly associates plethora factors, such BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake. We validated CheekAge internal dataset multiple publicly available datasets, including samples patients progeria or meningioma. In addition exploring the underlying biology clock, provide free online tool allows users mine our methylomic

Language: Английский

---

Greater residential greenness is associated with reduced epigenetic aging in adults

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 28, 2025

Abstract Potential pathways linking urban green spaces to improved health include relaxation, stress alleviation, and immune system functioning. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) is a composite biomarker of biological aging based on DNA methylation measurements; it predictive morbidity mortality. This cross-sectional study 116 adult residents metropolitan area in central North Carolina investigated associations between exposure residential EAA using four previously developed epigenetic formulas. tests white blood cells were conducted Illumina MethylationEPIC v1.0 assays. values calculated as residuals from the linear regression model chronological age. Residential greenness was characterized tree cover, total vegetated land normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. An interquartile range (IQR) increase distance-to-residence weighted average within 500 m residence consistently associated with reduced adjusted for sociodemographic covariates, smoking status, cell fractions, two-dimensional spline function geographic coordinates. The reduction estimates measures ranged − 1.0 1.6 years 1.2 1.5 0.9 1.3 NDVI; 11 12 statistically significant ( p < 0.05). produced new evidence greater near residences.

Language: Английский

---

Nutraceutical blends predict enhanced health via microbiota reshaping improving cytokines and life quality: a Brazilian double-blind randomized trial

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: May 15, 2024

Abstract Nutraceutical interventions supporting microbiota and eliciting clinical improvements in metabolic diseases have grown significantly. Chronic stress, gut dysbiosis, metainflammation emerged as key factors intertwined with sleep disorders, consequently exacerbating the decline quality of life. This study aimed to assess effects two nutraceutical formulations containing prebiotics (fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), yeast β-glucans), minerals (Mg, Se, Zn), herbal medicine Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., Asteraceae (Milk thistle or Silymarin). These formulations, namely NSupple (without silymarin) NSupple_ (with were tested over 180 days overweight/obese volunteers from Brazil's southeastern region. We accessed fecal by partial 16S rRNA sequences; cytokines expression CBA; anthropometrics, life sleep, well hormonal parameters, at baseline (T0) (T180) post-supplementation. Results demonstrated reshaping phyla, genera, species level The Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroides , Prevotella genera positively modulated especially group. Gut modulation was associated improved patterns, quality-of-life perception, expression, anthropometric parameters Our findings suggest that blends enhance cardiometabolic inflammatory markers. Particularly, composition, underscoring its potential significance ameliorating dysregulation. Clinical trial registry number: NCT04810572. 23/03/2021.

Language: Английский

---