Beyond spatial overlap: harnessing new technologies to resolve the complexities of predator–prey interactions

Oikos, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022(8)

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

Predation risk, the probability that a prey animal will be killed by predator, is fundamental to theoretical and applied ecology. risk varies with behavior environmental conditions, yet attempts understand predation in natural systems often ignore important ecological complexities, relying instead on proxies for actual such as predator–prey spatial overlap. Here we detail complexities driving disconnects between three stages of sequence are assumed tightly linked: overlap, encounters capture. Our review highlights several major sources variability lead decoupling overlap estimates from encounter rates (e.g. temporal activity patterns, predator movement capacity, resource limitations) affect capture given hunger levels, temporal, topographic other influences success). Emerging technologies statistical methods facilitating transition more spatiotemporally detailed, mechanistic understanding interactions, allowing concurrent examination multiple mobile, free‐ranging animals. We describe crucial applications this new ecology, highlighting opportunities better integrate contingencies into dynamic models harness interactions improve targeting effectiveness conservation interventions.

Language: Английский

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The Neurobiology of Behavior and Its Applicability for Animal Welfare: A Review

Animals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 928 - 928

Published: April 4, 2022

Understanding the foundations of neurobiology behavior and well-being can help us better achieve animal welfare. Behavior is expression several physiological, endocrine, motor emotional responses that are coordinated by central nervous system from processing internal external stimuli. In mammals, seven basic systems have been described when activated right stimuli evoke positive or negative innate evolved to facilitate biological fitness. This review describes process how those neurobiological directly influence We also describe examples interaction between primary (innate) secondary (learned) processes behavior.

Language: Английский

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The influence of human activity on predator–prey spatiotemporal overlap

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92(6), P. 1124 - 1134

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Abstract Despite growing evidence of widespread impacts humans on animal behaviour, our understanding how reshape species interactions remains limited. Here, we present a framework that draws key concepts from behavioural and community ecology to outline four primary pathways by which can alter predator–prey spatiotemporal overlap. We suggest dyads exhibit similar or opposite responses human activity with distinct outcomes for predator diet, predation rates, population demography trophic cascades. demonstrate assess these response hypothesis testing, using temporal data 178 published camera trap studies terrestrial mammals. found each the proposed pathways, revealing multiple patterns influence Our case study highlight current challenges, gaps, advances in linking behaviour change dynamics. By hypothesis‐driven approach estimate potential altered interactions, researchers anticipate ecological consequences activities whole communities.

Language: Английский

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Playbacks of predator vocalizations reduce crop damage by ungulates

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 328, P. 107853 - 107853

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Wild ungulates are a major consumer of agricultural crops in human dominated landscapes. Across Europe, ungulate populations leading to intensified human-wildlife conflicts. At the same time, play vital role structuring and functioning ecosystems, highly appreciated for recreational hunting. Thus, managers often face challenge maintaining benefits having thriving while simultaneously minimizing their negative impacts. Broadcasting playbacks predator vocalizations (e.g. dogs barking, wolves howling or humans talking) could potentially be used induce fear thereby displace steer behavior from conflict-prone sites resulting reduced visitation foraging time consumption. Predator playback experiments wilderness areas have repeatedly demonstrated reduce preys´ resource use impacts on surrounding landscape, but this has not been tested fields where human-ungulate conflicts most pronounced. We responded need by conducting experiment multiple crop southern Sweden, species (fallow deer, roe red moose, wild boar) coexist, using novel integrated camera trap – speaker system (ABRs) that broadcasts sounds choice when is triggered an ungulate. (wolf, dog, human) deer patch damage wheat more than control (owl, goose, raven). Our results confirm findings previous studies areas, demonstrate broadcasting ABRs may provide effective tool at scale duration our study.

Language: Английский

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Population and community consequences of perceived risk from humans in wildlife

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(6)

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Human activities catalyse risk avoidance behaviours in wildlife across taxa and systems. However, the broader ecological significance of human‐induced perception remains unclear, with a limited understanding how phenotypic responses scale up to affect population or community dynamics. We present framework informed by predator–prey ecology predict occurrence non‐consumptive effects (NCE) trait‐mediated indirect (TMIE) anthropogenic disturbances. report evidence from comprehensive review different types behavioural physiological changes their influence on vital rates parameters wildlife. Evidence for NCEs TMIEs is mixed, half published studies finding relationship between human activities, change outcomes. The net depend mismatch response lethality activity. strong research biases taxa, systems, disturbance demographic measures prevent unified inference about prevalence activities. Coexistence conservation requires additional linking

Language: Английский

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Fear generalization and behavioral responses to multiple dangers

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 369 - 380

Published: Nov. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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The socioecology of fear: A critical geographical consideration of human‐wolf‐livestock conflict

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 67(1), P. 17 - 34

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Animal fear can be an important driver of ecological community structure: predators affect prey not only through predation, but also by inducing changes in behaviour and distribution—a phenomenon evocatively called the “ecology fear.” The return wolves to western United States is a notable instance such dynamics, yet plays out complex socioecological system where efforts mitigate impacts on livestock rely manipulating wolves' people. Examining Washington state's wolf reduce we argue that this approach coexistence with predicated relations fear: people, livestock, arguably share landscapes minimal conflict, as long are adequately afraid. We introduce “socioecology fear” interdisciplinary framework for examining interwoven social processes human‐wildlife conflict management. Beyond frequently voiced ideas about “innate” fear, examine how (re)produced human‐wolf interactions deeply shaped human processes. contribute critical physical geography project integrating analysis theory, conducted collaborative dialogue. Such integrative practice essential understanding challenges managing wildlife Anthropocene .

Language: Английский

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Human-induced fear in wildlife: A review

Journal for Nature Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 126448 - 126448

Published: July 3, 2023

Language: Английский

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Ecology of fear alters behavior of grizzly bears exposed to bear‐viewing ecotourism

Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 105(6)

Published: April 30, 2024

Abstract Humans are perceived as predators by many species and may generate landscapes of fear, influencing spatiotemporal activity wildlife. Additionally, wildlife might seek out human when faced with predation risks (human shield hypothesis). We used the anthropause, a decrease in resulting from COVID‐19 pandemic, to test ecology fear hypotheses quantify effects bear‐viewing ecotourism on grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos ) activity. deployed camera traps Khutze watershed Kitasoo Xai'xais Territory absence humans 2020 experimental treatments variable resumed 2021. Daily detection rates decreased more people present increased days since were present. Human was also associated detections at forested sheltered sites less exposed sites, likely due influence habitat perception safety. The number negatively influenced adult male rates, but we found no female young detections, providing evidence that females responded behaviorally effect reduced observed apparent trade‐offs risk avoidance foraging. When salmon levels moderate high, detected bears be than males Should managers want minimize impacts maintain baseline age–sex class composition multiday closures daily occupancy limits effective. More broadly, this work revealed antipredator responses can vary intensity cues, structure, forage manifest altered individuals using human‐influenced areas, highlighting avoid across multiple scales.

Language: Английский

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Anthropogenic impacts at the interface of animal spatial and social behaviour

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1912)

Published: Sept. 4, 2024

Human disturbance is contributing to widespread, global changes in the distributions and densities of wild animals. These anthropogenic impacts on wildlife arise from multiple bottom-up top-down pathways, including habitat loss, resource provisioning, climate change, pollution, infrastructure development, hunting our direct presence. Animal behaviour an important mechanism linking these disturbances population outcomes, although behavioural pathways are often complex can remain obscured when different aspects studied isolation one another. The spatial–social interface provides a lens for understanding how animal’s spatial social environments interact determine its phenotype (i.e. measurable characteristics individual), phenotypes feed back reshape environments. Here, we review studies animal at understand predict human affects movement, distribution intraspecific interactions, with consequences conservation populations ecosystems. By mechanisms better design management interventions mitigate undesired disturbance. This article part theme issue ‘The interface: theoretical empirical integration’.

Language: Английский

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