Measuring white matter microstructure in 1,457 cannabis users and 1,441 controls: A systematic review of diffusion-weighted MRI studies

Frontiers in Neuroimaging, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: March 7, 2023

Cannabis is the most widely used regulated substance by youth and adults. use has been associated with psychosocial problems, which have partly ascribed to neurobiological changes. Emerging evidence date from diffusion-MRI studies shows that cannabis users compared controls show poorer integrity of white matter fibre tracts, structurally connect distinct brain regions facilitate neural communication. However, recent thus far yet be integrated. Therefore, it unclear if differences in are evident consistently selected locations, specific metrics, whether these metrics exposure levels.We systematically reviewed results imaging between controls. We also examined associations other behavioral variables due changes matter. Our review was pre-registered PROSPERO (ID: 258250; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).We identified 30 including 1,457 1,441 aged 16-to-45 years. All but 6 reported group integrity. The consistent were lower fractional anisotropy within arcuate/superior longitudinal fasciculus (7 studies), corpus callosum (6 studies) as well higher mean diffusivity trace (4 studies). Differences onset especially (3 studies).The mechanisms underscoring unclear, they may include effects during youth, neurotoxic or neuro adaptations regular tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), exerts its binding receptors, a vulnerability predating use. Future multimodal neuroimaging studies, recently developed advanced can track over time define precision when region commence users, cessation recovers differences.www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: 258250.

Language: Английский

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Adolescent substance use initiation and long-term neurobiological outcomes: insights, challenges and opportunities

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 2211 - 2222

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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The relation between cannabis use, dependence severity and white matter microstructure: A diffusion tensor imaging study

Addiction Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Aug. 17, 2021

Despite the significant societal and personal burden of cannabis use, impact long-term use Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) on white matter microstructure is still unclear. Previous studies show inconsistent findings, in part due to heterogeneity methodology, variable severity potential confounding effects other mental health issues substance use. The goal this diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) study was compare whole-brain between 39 near daily users 28 controls closely matched age, sex, alcohol cigarette health. Within group users, associations recent dependence severity, age onset duration weekly were investigated. White did not differ covary with or Earlier related lower fractional anisotropy (FA) various sections right inferior longitudinal fasciculus uncinate fasciculus. These findings suggest that near-daily does necessarily affect microstructure, but vulnerability may be higher during adolescence. underscore importance sample composition warrant further investigate moderating role brain.

Language: Английский

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The Trait Coding Rule in Phenotype Space

Phenomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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The First “Hit” to the Endocannabinoid System? Associations Between Prenatal Cannabis Exposure and Frontolimbic White Matter Pathways in Children

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 11 - 18

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

Cannabis is the most used federally illicit substance among pregnant people in United States. Yet, emerging preclinical data show that a significant portion of cannabis constituents, such as Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its bioactive metabolites, readily cross placenta accumulate fetal brain, disrupting neurodevelopment. Recent research using Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD ®) cohort have linked prenatal exposure (PCE) to greater neurobehavioral problems lower total gray white matter volume children. Here, we examined impact PCE on frontolimbic pathways are critical for cognitive- emotion-related functioning, high density cannabinoid receptors, susceptible during other periods rapid neurodevelopment (e.g., adolescence). This study included 11,530 children (M±SD age=118.99±7.49 months; 47% female) from ABCD ® cohort. Linear mixed-effects models were examine effects caregiver-reported fractional anisotropy (FA) ten (five per hemisphere). was associated with FA right (β=-0.005, p<0.001) left fornix (β=-0.003, p=0.007), these results remained after adjusting variety covariates, multiple comparisons, all fibers, quality-control only. In sum, demonstrated small, yet reliable, integrity childhood, particularly fornix, which plays crucial role emotion- memory-related processes. Future studies needed understand impacts small changes brain structure or function risk problems.

Language: Английский

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Visions of Cannabis Control

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Abstract Visions of Cannabis Control documents the history cannabis policy and role racism, labelling, stigmatization. The book argues that these problems stem from failure to properly frame prohibition as result moral panics have been instigated, perpetuated, sustained in ways are difficult dislodge. Stan Cohen argued reforms designed replace carceral tendencies within correctional institutions often extend such approaches into our communities. idea criminal justice reproduce what they were intended disrupt is depressing provocative. It remains relevant revolution currently underway around world. Racial disparities arrests persist, exacerbated by laws make it legal possess but illegal consume anywhere your home. Too often, liberalization comes at cost expanding paternalistic public health models abstention-based diversion programs. Finally, goal dismantling disrupting illicit markets has undermined onerous regulations, anemic marketing efforts, promote consumer-centered approaches. Emphasizing goals ahead market conditions complicates an industry. To understand future policy, examines experience six countries several US states through lens criminological theory, recent research, practice. presents options guide responsible regulation extensive research practice, finally concluding sustaining reform will require ensuring those affected policies consulted, respected, included.

Language: Английский

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Enhancing axonal myelination in seniors: A review exploring the potential impact cannabis has on myelination in the aged brain

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: March 22, 2023

Consumption of cannabis is on the rise as public opinion trends toward acceptance and its consequent legalization. Specifically, senior population one demographics increasing their use fastest, but research aimed at understanding cannabis’ impact aged brain still scarce. Aging characterized by many changes that slowly alter cognitive ability. One process greatly impacted during aging axonal myelination. The slow degradation loss myelin (i.e., demyelination) in with age has been shown to associate decline and, furthermore, a common characteristic numerous neurological diseases experienced aging. It currently not known what causes this age-dependent degradation, it likely due confounding factors heightened inflammation, reduced blood flow, cellular senescence) cells responsible for maintaining overall homeostasis integrity. Importantly, animal studies using non-human primates rodents have also revealed demyelination age, providing reliable model researchers try understand mechanisms play. In rodents, was recently modulate myelination process. Furthermore, looking direct modulatory microglia, astrocytes oligodendrocyte lineage hint potential prevent some more damaging activities performed these contribute However, focusing how impacts lacking. Therefore, review will explore evidence thus far accumulated show extrapolate knowledge may mean brain.

Language: Английский

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Chronic cannabis use associated with subcortical topological reorganization of structural connectivity in adults

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 262, P. 111405 - 111405

Published: July 26, 2024

Language: Английский

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White Matter Microstructure and Gray Matter Volume in Cannabis-Induced Psychosis and Schizophrenia With Cannabis Use

Journal of Neuropsychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 406 - 413

Published: July 25, 2022

This study explored the differences in white matter (WM) microstructural integrity and gray (GM) volume between cannabis-induced psychosis (CIP) schizophrenia with cannabis use (SZC).This cross-sectional convenience sampling involved three groups of 20 participants each (CIP, SZC, a control group without substance use), matched on age, handedness, education. CIP SZC were diagnosed Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance Mental Disorders. Diffusion tensor kurtosis imaging done, fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, estimated. GM was measured voxel-based morphometry.Group comparisons revealed comparable age at initiation duration frequency groups. Participants had lower FA than controls anterior retrolenticular internal capsule limbs, cingulate gyrus hippocampal formation, fornix, superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (all p<0.05). left fornix right but higher those corticospinal tract On morphometry, greater cerebellar inferior frontal volumes p<0.05).Widespread WM abnormalities observed fewer significant disruptions CIP. Better some fiber tracts crucial brain areas among may have prevented transition to schizophrenia.

Language: Английский

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Cannabis, Criminology, and Visions of Control

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 3 - 30

Published: Dec. 7, 2023

Abstract This chapter introduces cannabis as a case study in legal, moral, and cultural renegotiation. For century, prohibition has shaped the criminological enterprise North America worldwide. In past decade, jurisdictions have explored established new regimes law policy to regulate cannabis. However, challenges remain. We introduce some fundamental problems at intersection of theory practice. These include racial disparities enforcement rise diversion programs mandated treatment. Difficulties dismantling illicit markets within that legalized also emerged. frame these based on work Stan Cohen. He argued criminal justice reforms often reproduce what they were intended disrupt because fail understand nature obstacles, making them difficult dislodge. The concludes by assessing different rights-based frameworks guide future reform outlining book’s organization.

Language: Английский

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