Current Addiction Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(3), P. 458 - 471
Published: June 30, 2023
Abstract
Purpose
of
Review
This
narrative
review
summarises
cultural
aspects
cannabis
use
across
different
(sub)cultures,
nations,
and
gender,
racial,
ethnic
groups.
Specifically,
we
aimed
to
overview
historical
traditional
contexts
physical
mental
health-related
correlates,
as
well
emerging
cannabis-related
policies
their
impacts
on
medicinal
recreational
cannabis.
In
addition,
discuss
how
factors
may
affect
behaviours
sociocultural
underpinnings
disorder
trajectories.
Recent
Findings
Cannabis
is
the
most
widely
cultivated,
trafficked,
used
illicit
drug
worldwide,
although
being
legalised
in
many
jurisdictions.
More
than
4%
individuals
globally
have
last
year.
Being
traditionally
for
religious
ritualistic
purposes,
today
interwoven
with,
influenced
by,
social,
legal,
economic,
environments
which
often
differ
countries
cultures.
Notably,
empirical
data
distinct
are
lacking
selected
underrepresented
countries,
geographical
regions,
minority
Summary
Emerging
global
legislative
frameworks
related
impacted
prevalence
attitudes
toward
subcultures,
but
not
all
same
way.
Therefore,
it
remains
be
elucidated
why
cultures
terms
use.
order
understand
complex
bidirectional
relationships
between
cultures,
recommend
cross-cultural
study
its
consequences
inform
vulnerable
people,
clinical
practitioners,
legislators
from
world
regions.
International Journal of Drug Policy,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
99, P. 103381 - 103381
Published: Aug. 28, 2021
Cannabis
use
is
common,
especially
among
young
people,
and
associated
with
risks
for
various
health
harms.
Some
jurisdictions
have
recently
moved
to
legalization/regulation
pursuing
public
goals.
Evidence-based
'Lower
Risk
Use
Guidelines'
(LRCUG)
recommendations
were
previously
developed
reduce
modifiable
risk
factors
of
cannabis-related
adverse
outcomes;
related
evidence
has
evolved
substantially
since.
We
aimed
review
new
scientific
develop
comprehensively
up-to-date
LRCUG,
including
their
recommendations,
on
this
basis.
Targeted
searches
literature
(since
2016)
main
outcomes
by
the
user-individual
conducted.
Topical
areas
informed
previous
LRCUG
content
expanded
upon
current
evidence.
Searches
preferentially
focused
systematic
reviews,
supplemented
key
individual
studies.
The
results
evidence-graded,
topically
organized
narratively
summarized;
through
an
iterative
expert
consensus
development
process.
A
substantial
body
cannabis
use-related
harms
identified
varying
quality.
Twelve
substantive
recommendation
clusters
three
precautionary
statements
developed.
In
general,
suggests
that
individuals
can
if
they
delay
onset
until
after
adolescence,
avoid
high-potency
(THC)
products
high-frequency/-intensity
use,
refrain
from
smoking-routes
administration.
While
people
are
particularly
vulnerable
harms,
other
sub-groups
(e.g.,
pregnant
women,
drivers,
older
adults,
those
co-morbidities)
advised
exercise
particular
caution
risks.
Legal/regulated
should
be
used
where
possible.
result
in
outcomes,
mostly
higher-risk
use.
Reducing
help
offer
one
targeted
intervention
component
within
a
comprehensive
approach
They
require
effective
audience-tailoring
dissemination,
regular
updating
as
become
available,
evaluated
impact.
Addiction,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
115(3), P. 559 - 572
Published: Aug. 13, 2019
To
summarize
and
evaluate
our
knowledge
of
the
relationship
between
heavy
cannabis
use,
use
disorder
(CUD)
brain.Narrative
review
relevant
literature
identified
through
existing
systematic
reviews,
meta-analyses
a
PubMed
search.
Epidemiology,
clinical
representations,
potential
causal
mechanisms,
assessments,
treatment
prognosis
are
discussed.Although
causality
is
unclear,
dependent
consistently
associated
with
high
prevalence
comorbid
psychiatric
disorders
learning
memory
impairments
that
seem
to
recover
after
period
abstinence.
Evidence
regarding
other
cognitive
domains
neurological
consequences,
including
cerebrovascular
events,
limited
inconsistent.
Abstinence
only
achieved
in
minority
cases;
targeted
at
reduction
appears
have
some
success.
Potential
moderators
impact
CUD
on
brain
include
age
onset,
heaviness
severity,
ratio
∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol
cannabidiol
severity
disorders.Current
evidence
long-term
effects
daily
brain-related
outcomes
suggestive
rather
than
conclusive,
but
morbidity
Current Opinion in Psychology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
38, P. 49 - 55
Published: July 16, 2020
The
aim
of
this
review
is
to
discuss
the
most
recent
evidence
for
short-term
and
long-term
effects
cannabis
on
cognition.
that
intoxication
associated
with
impairment
across
several
basal
cognitive
domains,
including
learning
(episodic)
memory,
attentional
control,
motor
inhibition
increasing.
However,
regarding
heavy
use
cognition
remains
equivocal.
Cannabis
research
suffers
from
difficulties
in
measuring
exposure
history,
poor
control
over
potential
subacute
effects,
heterogeneity
measures
sample
composition.
Multidisciplinary
collaborations
investment
studies
help
overcome
these
should
be
prioritized.
Biology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(6), P. 542 - 542
Published: June 17, 2021
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
detrimental
brain
disorder
characterized
by
gradual
cognitive
decline
and
neuronal
deterioration.
To
date,
the
treatments
available
are
effective
only
in
early
stage
of
disease.
The
AD
etiology
has
not
been
completely
revealed,
investigating
new
pathological
mechanisms
essential
for
developing
safe
drugs.
recreational
pharmacological
properties
marijuana
known
centuries,
but
recently
scientific
community
started
to
investigate
potential
use
cannabinoids
therapy—sometimes
with
contradictory
outcomes.
Since
endocannabinoid
system
(ECS)
highly
expressed
hippocampus
cortex,
cannabis
use/abuse
often
associated
memory
learning
dysfunction
vulnerable
individuals.
However,
latest
findings
rodent
models
have
shown
promising
effects
reducing
amyloid
plaque
deposition
stimulating
hippocampal
neurogenesis.
Beneficial
on
several
dementia-related
symptoms
also
reported
clinical
trials
after
cannabinoid
treatments.
Accordingly,
future
studies
should
address
identifying
correct
therapeutic
dosage
timing
treatment
from
perspective
using
therapy.
present
paper
aims
summarize
limitations
as
therapeutics
AD,
focusing
recent
pre-clinical
evidence.
American Journal of Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
179(5), P. 362 - 374
Published: March 8, 2022
Cannabis
use
is
increasing
among
midlife
and
older
adults.
This
study
tested
the
hypotheses
that
long-term
cannabis
associated
with
cognitive
deficits
smaller
hippocampal
volume
in
midlife,
which
important
because
are
risk
factors
for
dementia.
Psychological Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
53(9), P. 3858 - 3868
Published: March 24, 2022
Abstract
Background
Epidemiological
studies
show
a
dose–response
association
between
cannabis
use
and
the
risk
of
psychosis.
This
review
aimed
to
determine
whether
there
are
identifiable
risk-thresholds
frequency
psychosis
development.
Methods
Systematic
search
Embase,
MEDLINE,
PsycINFO,
CINAHL,
Web
Science
for
relevant
(1
January
2010–26
April
2021).
Case–control
or
cohort
that
investigated
relationship
development
reported
effect
estimates
[odds
ratios
(OR),
hazard
(HR),
(RR)]
raw
data
calculate
them,
with
information
on
consumption
were
included.
Effect
extracted
from
individual
converted
RR.
Two-stage
multivariable
meta-analytic
models
utilized
sensitivity
analyses
conducted.
The
Newcastle
Ottawa
Scale
was
used
assess
bias
included
studies.
Results
Ten
original
(three
cohorts,
seven
case–control)
included,
including
7390
participants
an
age
range
12–65
years.
Random-effect
model
meta-analyses
showed
significant
log-linear
A
restricted
cubic-splines
provided
best
fit
data,
significantly
increasing
weekly
more
frequent
[RR
=
1.01,
95%
confidence
interval
(CI)
0.93–1.11
yearly;
RR
1.10,
CI
0.97–1.25
monthly;
1.35,
1.19–1.52
weekly;
1.76,
1.47–2.12
daily]
Conclusion
Individuals
using
frequently
at
increased
psychosis,
no
associated
less
use.
Public
health
prevention
messages
should
convey
these
risk-thresholds,
which
be
refined
through
further
work.
Annual Review of Developmental Psychology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
2(1), P. 461 - 483
Published: Oct. 13, 2020
This
review
summarizes
evidence
on
the
effects
of
cannabis
use
development
adolescents
and
young
adults.
It
draws
epidemiological
studies,
neuroimaging
case-control
twin
Mendelian
randomization
studies.
The
acute
risks
include
psychiatric
symptoms
associated
with
high
THC
(tetrahydrocannabinol)
products
motor
vehicle
accidents.
Daily
during
adolescence
is
dependence
poor
cognitive
function,
which
may
affect
educational
attainment
occupational
choice.
highly
potent
more
severe
psychological
symptoms,
such
as
psychoses,
mania,
suicidality.
There
are
mixed
findings
depressive
anxiety,
violence
debates
about
interpretation
these
associations.
Legalization
adult
increase
among
regulation
after
legalization
needs
to
minimize
adolescent
uptake
cannabis-related
adverse
developmental
outcomes.
