The effects of climate change on respiratory allergy and asthma induced by pollen and mold allergens

Allergy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 75(9), P. 2219 - 2228

Published: June 27, 2020

The impact of climate change on the environment, biosphere, and biodiversity has become more evident in recent years. Human activities have increased atmospheric concentrations carbon dioxide (CO2 ) other greenhouse gases. Change correlated global warming affects quantity, intensity, frequency precipitation type as well extreme events such heat waves, droughts, thunderstorms, floods, hurricanes. Respiratory health can be particularly affected by change, which contributes to development allergic respiratory diseases asthma. Pollen mold allergens are able trigger release pro-inflammatory immunomodulatory mediators that accelerate onset IgE-mediated sensitization allergy. Allergy pollen season at its beginning, duration intensity altered change. Studies showed plants exhibit enhanced photosynthesis reproductive effects produce a response high levels ). Mold proliferation is floods rainy storms responsible for severe allergy generally used evaluate interrelation between air pollution diseases, rhinitis Thunderstorms during seasons cause exacerbation asthma patients with hay fever. A similar phenomenon observed molds. Measures reduce gas emissions positive benefits.

Language: Английский

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Environmental factors in epithelial barrier dysfunction

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 145(6), P. 1517 - 1528

Published: June 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(5), P. 1418 - 1449

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The exposome can be classified into internal (e.g., aging, hormones, and metabolic processes), specific external chemical pollutants or lifestyle factors), general broader socioeconomic psychological contexts) domains, all which are interrelated. All factors we exposed to, from moment conception to death, part exposome. Several hundreds thousands new chemicals have been introduced modern life without our having full understanding their toxic health effects ways mitigate these effects. Climate change, air pollution, microplastics, tobacco smoke, changes loss biodiversity, alterations dietary habits, microbiome due modernization, urbanization, globalization constitute surrounding environment Some disrupt epithelial barriers skin mucosal surfaces, disruptions linked last few decades increasing prevalence severity inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, asthma. barrier hypothesis provides mechanistic explanation how explain rapid increase autoimmune In this review, discuss affecting planet's context 'epithelial hypothesis,' including climate emphasize on addition, roles increased fatty acid consumption environmental substances (detergents, airborne pollen, ozone, nanoparticles, tobacco) discussed. Considering emerging data recent studies, suggest stringent governmental regulations, global policy adjustments, patient education, establishment individualized control measures threats decrease disease.

Language: Английский

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Advances and highlights in allergic rhinitis

Allergy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 76(11), P. 3383 - 3389

Published: Aug. 11, 2021

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a growing public health, medical and economic problem worldwide. The current review describes the major discoveries related to AR during past 2 years, including risk factors for prevalence of AR, corresponding diagnostic strategy, precise underlying immunological mechanisms, efficient therapies ongoing global "coronavirus disease 2019" (COVID-19) pandemic. further attempts highlight future research perspectives. Increasing evidence suggests that environmental exposures, climate changes, lifestyle are important AR. Consequently, detailed investigation exposome connection between exposures health in should provide better profiles instead single predictors, also help mitigate adverse outcomes allergic diseases. Although patients with dual newly defined phenotype, display perennial seasonal allergens-related nasal symptoms, they only allergens, indicating importance measuring inflammation at local sites. Herein, we suggest combination diagnosis sites traditional methods may enhance precision medicine-based approach management AR; however, this awaits investigations. Apart from treatments, social distancing, washing hands, disinfection required manage COVID-19 Despite recent advances understanding immune mechanisms effects allergen immunotherapy (AIT), changes cell after AIT accurately evaluate efficacy required.

Language: Английский

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Global Burden of Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(4), P. 171 - 177

Published: May 19, 2020

Background: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and chronic respiratory (CRDs) are the main causes of mortality morbidity worldwide. Methods: The evidences about NCDs CRDs burden related risk factors, from updated international reports results original researches, were collected described in this review. Results: Most recent evidence is available Global Burden Diseases Study (GBD) 2017 reports. There 3.2 million deaths due to obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 495,000 asthma. COPD was seventh leading cause years life lost (YLLs). Overall, prevalent cases 545 million: 50% for Incident 62 million, mostly asthma (69%) (29%). accounted 81.6 disability-adjusted years, 22.8 million. prevalence 9.1% has been found a general population sample North-Eastern Italy, while Central Italy 25-year follow-up shown an increased up 6.8% 7.8%, respectively. In incidence 8% 3.2% have adult subjects at 18-year follow-up. Among relevant role played by smoking high body mass index asthma, smoking, particulate matter pollution, ambient ozone occupational exposure matter, gases fumes, as well second-hand smoke, play important COPD. Forecasting YLLs 2040 indicates rising toll several growth aging, with expected reach fourth cause. Conclusions: Several studies highlighted huge global health other major NCDs, pointing out need implementing collaborations fight epidemic trend.

Language: Английский

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Impact of COVID-19 on Pediatric Asthma: Practice Adjustments and Disease Burden

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(8), P. 2592 - 2599.e3

Published: June 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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Advances and recent developments in asthma in 2020

Allergy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 75(12), P. 3124 - 3146

Published: Sept. 30, 2020

In this review, we discuss recent publications on asthma and review the studies that have reported different aspects of prevalence, risk factors prevention, mechanisms, diagnosis, treatment asthma. Many protective molecular mechanisms are involved in development Emerging concepts challenges implementing exposome paradigm its application allergic diseases reviewed, including genetic epigenetic factors, microbial dysbiosis, environmental exposure, particularly to indoor outdoor substances. The most relevant experimental further advancing understanding immune with potential new targets for therapeutics discussed. A reliable diagnosis asthma, disease endotyping, monitoring severity great importance management Correct evaluation comorbidity/multimorbidity, interaction phenotypes value precision medicine approach validation predictive biomarkers, detailed. Novel approaches strategies linked endotypes biologicals, critically appraised. Finally, due pandemics impact patient management, challenges, relationships, between allergies, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma

Molecular Aspects of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 85, P. 100995 - 100995

Published: Aug. 5, 2021

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people worldwide. It most common in children, affecting at least 30 children and young adults Europe. complex, partially heritable with marked heterogeneity. Its development influenced both by genetic environmental factors. The common, as well characterized subtype asthma allergic eosinophilic asthma, type 2 airway inflammation. prevalence has substantially increased industrialized countries during last 60 years. mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are incompletely understood, however exposure to various pollutants probably plays role. Disease inception thought be enabled disadvantageous shift balance between protective harmful lifestyle factors, including commensal microbes versus infection pathogens, collectively leading epithelial cell damage disrupted barrier integrity. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines one main drivers immune response against innocuous allergens, ultimately infiltration lung tissue T helper (TH2) cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), M2 macrophages eosinophils. This review outlines responsible for orchestration inflammation summarizes novel findings, but not limited dysregulated integrity, alarmin release stimulation.

Language: Английский

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External Environmental Pollution as a Risk Factor for Asthma

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 72 - 89

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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The impact of air pollution on respiratory diseases in an era of climate change: A review of the current evidence

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 898, P. 166340 - 166340

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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