Identification of Chicken CD44 as a Novel B Lymphocyte Receptor for Infectious Bursal Disease Virus

Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 96(6)

Published: Feb. 2, 2022

Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), which targets bursa B lymphocytes, causes severe immunosuppressive in chickens, inducing huge economic losses for the poultry industry. To date, functional receptor IBDV binding and entry into host cells remains unclear. This study used mass spectrometry to screen proteins of chicken lymphocytes interacting with VP2. The transmembrane protein cluster differentiation 44 (chCD44) was identified evaluated its interaction VP2, major capsid protein. Overexpression knockdown experiments showed that chCD44 promotes replication IBDV. Furthermore, soluble anti-chCD44 antibody blocked binding. results reconstitution indicated overexpression conferred viral capability nonpermissive cells. More important, although we found could not replicate chCD44-overexpressed cells, enter using chCD44. Our finding reveals is a cellular IBDV, facilitating target by VP2 IMPORTANCE (IBDV) However, specific mechanism invading very clear. shed light on component bind and/or lymphocytes. our revealed promote both ability acting as Besides, this first report about CD44 function replication. impacts understanding process sets stage further elucidation infection

Language: Английский

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New insights into human immune memory from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and vaccination

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(12), P. 3553 - 3566

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Abstract Since early 2020, the world has been embroiled in an ongoing viral pandemic with SARS‐CoV‐2 and emerging variants resulting mass morbidity estimated 6 million deaths globally. The scientific community pivoted rapidly, providing unique innovative means to identify infected individuals, technologies evaluate immune responses infection vaccination, new therapeutic strategies treat individuals. Never before immunology so critically at forefront of combatting a global pandemic. It now become evident that not just antibody responses, but formation durability memory cells following vaccination are associated protection against severe disease from infection. Furthermore, emergence concern (VoC) highlight need for immunological markers quantify protective capacity Wuhan‐based vaccines. Thus, harnessing modulating response is key successful treatment disease. We here review latest knowledge about generation natural provide insights into attributes may protect variants.

Language: Английский

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Vaccine Based on Recombinant Fusion Protein Combining Hepatitis B Virus PreS with SARS-CoV-2 Wild-Type- and Omicron-Derived Receptor Binding Domain Strongly Induces Omicron-Neutralizing Antibodies in a Murine Model

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 229 - 229

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Background: COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a recurrent endemic disease affecting whole world. Since November 2021, Omicron and its subvariants have dominated in spread of disease. In order to prevent courses disease, vaccines are needed boost maintain antibody levels capable neutralizing Omicron. Recently, we produced characterized SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on recombinant fusion protein consisting hepatitis B virus (HBV)-derived PreS two wild-type RBDs. Objectives: To develop PreS-RBD which induces high Omicron-specific antibodies. Methods: We designed, produced, compared strain-specific (wild-type: W-PreS-W; Omicron: O-PreS-O), bivalent (mix W-PreS-W O-PreS-O) chimeric (i.e., W-PreS-O) subunit vaccines. Immunogens were vitro using chemical methods, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism combination with thermal denaturation immunological methods. addition, BALB/c mice immunized aluminum–hydroxide-adsorbed proteins aluminum hydroxide alone placebo) study specific cytokine responses, safety neutralization. Results: Defined pure immunogens could be significant quantities as secreted folded mammalian cells. The antibodies induced after vaccination different doses strain-specific, reacted RBD dose-dependent manner resulted mixed Th1/Th2 immune response. Interestingly, RBD-specific IgG comparable, but W-PreS-O-induced neutralization titers against (median VNT50: 5000) seven- twofold higher than W-PreS-W- O-PreS-O-specific ones, respectively, they six-fold those vaccine. Conclusion: Among tested immunogens, vaccine, W-PreS-O, highest Thus, W-PreS-O seems highly promising COVID-19 candidate for further preclinical clinical evaluation.

Language: Английский

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Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor-Binding Motif Linear Epitopes

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 342 - 342

Published: March 22, 2024

The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a significant economic and social burden on global scale. Even though the pandemic concluded, apprehension remains regarding emergence highly transmissible variants capable evading immunity induced by either vaccination or prior infection. success viral penetration is due specific amino acid residues receptor-binding motif (RBM) involved in attachment. This region interacts with cellular receptor ACE2, triggering neutralizing antibody (nAb) response. In this study, we evaluated serum immunogenicity from individuals who received single dose combination different vaccines against original strain mutated linear RBM. Despite modest response wild-type RBM, Omicron exhibit four mutations RBM (S477N, T478K, E484A, F486V) that result even lower titers. primary immune responses observed were directed toward IgA IgG. While nAbs typically target RBD, our investigation unveiled reduced seroreactivity within RBD’s crucial subregion, deficiency may have implications for generation protective nAbs. An evaluation S1WT S2WT peptides binding using microscale thermophoresis revealed higher affinity (35 nM) sequence (GSTPCNGVEGFNCYF), which includes FNCY patch. Our findings suggest not an immunodominant vaccinated individuals. Comprehending intricate dynamics humoral response, its interplay evolution, host genetics formulating effective strategies, targeting only but also anticipating potential future coronaviruses.

Language: Английский

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The coevolution of Covid-19 and host immunity

Exploration of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 167 - 184

Published: April 8, 2024

The dynamic of the virus-host interaction is subject to constant evolution, which makes it difficult predict when SARS-CoV-2 pandemic will become endemic. Vaccines in conjunction with efforts around masking and social distancing have reduced infection rates, however, there are still significant challenges contend before shifts endemic, such as coronavirus acquiring mutations that allow virus dodge immunity acquired by hosts. variants deploy convergent evolutionary mechanisms sharpen their ability impede host’s innate immune response. continued emergence sub-variants poses a hurdle reaching endemicity. This underscores importance public health measures control transmission need develop better second-generation vaccines effective treatments would tackle current future variants. We hypothesize hosts’ also evolving, likely abet process

Language: Английский

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