Candida auris Outbreaks: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 927 - 927

Published: May 1, 2024

Candida auris has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a critical priority pathogen on its latest list of fungi. C. infections are reported in bloodstream and less commonly cerebrospinal fluid abdomen, with mortality rates that range between 30% 72%. However, no large-scale epidemiology studies have until now. The diagnosis can be challenging, particularly when employing conventional techniques. This impede early detection outbreaks implementation appropriate control measures. yeast easily spread patients healthcare settings through contaminated environments or equipment, where it survive for extended periods. Therefore, would desirable to screen colonisation. allow facilities identify disease take prevention It is frequently unsusceptible drugs, varying patterns resistance observed among clades geographical regions. review provides updates auris, including epidemiology, clinical characteristics, genomic analysis, evolution, colonisation, infection, identification, profiles, therapeutic options, prevention, control.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial Persister Cells and Development of Antibiotic Resistance in Chronic Infections: An Update

British Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81

Published: Aug. 7, 2024

The global issue of antimicrobial resistance poses significant challenges to public health. World Health Organization (WHO) has highlighted it as a major health threat, causing an estimated 700,000 deaths worldwide. Understanding the multifaceted nature antibiotic is crucial for developing effective strategies. Several physiological and biochemical mechanisms are involved in development resistance. Bacterial cells may escape bactericidal actions drugs by entering physiologically dormant state known bacterial persistence. Recent findings this field suggest that persistence can be one main sources chronic infections. tolerance developed persister could tolerate high levels antibiotics give rise offspring. These offspring attributed mechanisms, especially This review attempts shed light on persister-induced current therapeutic

Language: Английский

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Polydimethylsiloxane loaded capsaicin afflicts membrane integrity, metabolic activity and biofilm formation of nosocomial pathogens

Microbial Pathogenesis, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 200, P. 107282 - 107282

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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The multidrug-resistant Candida auris, Candida haemulonii complex and phylogenetic related species: Insights into antifungal resistance mechanisms

Current Research in Microbial Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100354 - 100354

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) fungal pathogens poses a serious global threat to human health. Of particular concern are Candida auris, the haemulonii complex (which includes C. sensu stricto, duobushaemulonii and var. vulnera), phylogenetically related species, including pseudohaemulonii vulturna. These emerging, widespread, opportunistic have drawn significant attention due their reduced susceptibility commonly used antifungal agents, particularly azoles polyenes, and, in some cases, therapy-induced resistance echinocandins. Notably, auris is classified critical priority group on World Health Organization's list, which highlights species capable causing systemic infections with mortality morbidity risks as well challenges posed by MDR profiles, limited treatment management options. mechanisms underlying within these emerging still being explored, but advances been achieved past few years. In this review, we compile current literature distribution susceptible resistant clinical strains complex, vulturna across various classes, (fluconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole), polyenes (amphotericin B), echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin), pyrimidine analogues (flucytosine). We also outline main identified planktonic cells yeast species. Finally, explore impact biofilm formation, classical virulence attribute fungi, resistance, highlighting associated microbial structure that uncovered date.

Language: Английский

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Antibiofilm Activity of Protamine Against the Vaginal Candidiasis Isolates of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei

Applied Biosciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1), P. 5 - 5

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Candida species, normally part of the healthy human flora, can cause severe opportunistic infections when their population increases. This risk is even greater in immunocompromised individuals. Women using intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs) are at higher for IUD-associated vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) because device provides a surface biofilm formation. formation allows normal flora to become pathogens, leading symptoms VVC such as hemorrhage, pelvic pain, inflammation, itching and discharge. often linked IUD use, requiring prompt removal these effective treatment. study evaluated activity arginine-rich peptide “protamine” against albicans, tropicalis krusei isolated from users who had signs VVC. The antimicrobial was measured agar disk diffusion microbroth dilution methods determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC values protamine C. 32 μg mL−1, 64 mL−1 256 respectively. determined used inhibition assay by crystal violet staining. Protamine inhibited isolates, its mechanisms were studied through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. disruption cell membranes induction oxidative stress appear be key underlying anti-candidal effects. results an vitro support potential use antibiofilm agent coat IUDs future protective purposes.

Language: Английский

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Identifying novel inhibitors against drug-resistant mutant CYP-51 Candida albicans: A computational study to combat fungal infections

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. e0318539 - e0318539

Published: March 4, 2025

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals and a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity, throat, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system among health populations. Our study focused on identifying new inhibitors capable binding to mutant cytochrome P450 family 51 (CYP-51) protein intended be effective against resistant C. infections. The pharmacophore ligand-based model was used for virtual screening compound libraries. Molecular docking performed Maestro, Schrodinger. ADMET analysis check drug-likeness properties. Density function theory (DFT) calculations, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, free energy (MMPBSA) were also calculated. For docking, six compounds selected from 11,022 hits PubChem libraries, which showed best interaction with CYP-51 identified by mapping Pharma IT tool. Each docked into active site protein. Overall, CP-3 exhibited significant affinity (-10.70 kcal/mol) as well as, good characteristics such drug-likeness, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity. lead compound, CP-3, further MD simulation observe behavior complex Computational studies indicated that could useful antagonist protein, CYP-51. This computational approaches identify potential targeting antifungal drug development. Further invitro vivo are needed evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties efficacy novel drug.

Language: Английский

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Insights into the role of sterol metabolism in antifungal drug resistance: a mini-review

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

Sterols are essential for eukaryotic cells and crucial in cellular membranes' structure, function, fluidity, permeability, adaptability to environmental stressors, host-pathogen interactions. Fungal sterol, such as ergosterol metabolism, involves several organelles, including the mitochondria, lipid droplets, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes that can be regulated mainly by feedback mechanisms transcriptionally. The majority of sterol transport yeast occurs via non-vesicular pathways mediated transfer proteins, which determine quantity present cell membrane. Pathogenic fungi

Language: Английский

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Pfaffia paniculata Extract, a Potential Antimicrobial Agent against Candida spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus mutans Biofilms

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1165 - 1165

Published: June 8, 2024

The World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized developing new drugs against specific bacteria and fungi, such as Enterobacteriaceae Candida spp. While Pfaffia paniculata is commonly called the “cure-everything”, its scientifically proven benefits are limited to anti-inflammatory antioxidant actions. Therefore, this study aims determine spectrum of antimicrobial activity assess cytotoxicity. Thus, broth microdilution test was conducted according CLSI M7-A9 M27-A3 reference methods. After screening, microbial species with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were selected for biofilm tests. These tests evaluated biomass using crystal violet (CV) test, metabolic MTT assay, structural analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Cytotoxicity in human gingival fibroblasts (FMM-1). There reductions 29.4 42.7% CV assays biofilm. S. mutans P. aeruginosa biofilms showed a decrease 15.7 28.6%, respectively. Cell viability indicated 55.1, 56.9, 65.5% after contact 1.93, 0.96, 0.48 mg/mL extract, extract action, displayed MIC values, antibiofilm action on aeruginosa, mutans, C. albicans. cytotoxicity FMM-1 cell line dose-dependent. holds significant potential drugs.

Language: Английский

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Antifungal Susceptibility Data and Epidemiological Distribution of Candida spp.: An In Vitro Five-Year Evaluation at University Hospital Policlinico of Catania and a Comprehensive Literature Review

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 914 - 914

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Background: Invasive fungal infections represent a concerning healthcare issue, with Candida spp. reported as the main aetiological agent. bloodstream show high mortality rates, indicating increasing antifungal-resistance episodes contributing feature. Despite global prevalence of C. albicans, non-albicans species emerged significant in last decades. Methods: The present manuscript reports five-year evaluation on isolates and their antifungal susceptibility profiles, aiming to enrich literature epidemiological data. Results: According gathered data, cases remained uncommon. However, study revealed rare resistance phenotypes such single case pan-echinocandin albicans. Conclusions: Finally, comprehensive review integrates emphasizing extreme species-specific variability consequent importance always providing identification.

Language: Английский

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Cluster analysis allowed to identify antifungal drugs that retain efficacy against Candida albicans isolated from patients with inflammatory diseases of the soft tissues of the maxillofacial area

Frontiers in Oral Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Physicians are increasingly prescribing antifungal drugs empirically to treat hospital-acquired infections quickly. This makes it obvious that fungal require more attention and systematic monitoring of resistance among them. The aim the study was identify retain their efficacy against

Language: Английский

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