Frontiers in Neuroanatomy,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Jan. 21, 2022
The
eye,
the
pineal
complex
and
skin
are
important
photosensitive
organs.
African
clawed
frog,
Xenopus
laevis
,
senses
light
from
environment
adjusts
color
accordingly.
For
example,
reflected
surface
induces
camouflage
through
background
adaptation
while
above
produces
circadian
variation
in
pigmentation.
During
embryogenesis,
adaptation,
segregated
responses
regulated
by
secretion
of
α-melanocyte-stimulating
hormone
(α-MSH)
melatonin
photosensitivity
eye
complex,
respectively.
Changes
pigmentation
have
been
used
as
a
readout
biochemical
physiological
processes
since
initial
purification
pigs,
more
recently
employed
to
better
understand
neuroendocrine
circuit
that
regulates
adaptation.
identification
37
type
II
opsin
genes
genome
allotetraploid
X.
combined
with
analysis
their
expression
skin,
is
contributing
elucidation
role
opsins
different
organs,
but
also
brings
new
questions
challenges.
In
this
review,
we
analyze
findings
regarding
anatomical
localization
functions
sensing
light.
contribution
revealing
circuits
regulate
changes
discussed.
Finally,
presence
melanophores
presented
compared
secretory
melanocytes
birds
mammals.
Annual Review of Vision Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
9(1), P. 245 - 267
Published: May 17, 2023
We
live
on
a
planet
that
is
bathed
in
daily
and
seasonal
sunlight
cycles.
In
this
context,
terrestrial
life
forms
have
evolved
mechanisms
directly
harness
light
energy
(plants)
or
decode
information
for
adaptive
advantage.
animals,
the
main
sensors
are
family
of
G
protein-coupled
receptors
called
opsins.
Opsin
function
best
described
visual
sense.
However,
most
animals
also
use
opsins
extraocular
sensing
behavior
camouflage.
While
it
has
long
been
believed
mammals
do
not
an
capacity,
recent
evidence
suggests
otherwise.
Notably,
encephalopsin
(OPN3)
neuropsin
(OPN5)
both
known
to
mediate
mice.
Examples
mediation
include
photoentrainment
circadian
clocks
skin
(by
OPN5)
acute
light-dependent
regulation
metabolic
pathways
OPN3
OPN5).
This
review
summarizes
current
findings
expanding
field
photoreception
their
relevance
human
physiology.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: April 1, 2022
Abstract
G
q
proteins
are
universally
important
for
signal
transduction
in
mammalian
cells.
The
underlying
kinetics
and
transformation
from
extracellular
stimuli
into
intracellular
signaling,
however
could
not
be
investigated
detail
so
far.
Here
we
present
the
human
Neuropsin
(hOPN5)
specific
repetitive
manipulation
of
signaling
vitro
vivo
with
high
spatio-temporal
resolution.
Properties
protein
specificity
hOPN5
characterized
by
UV
light
induced
IP
3
generation,
Ca
2+
transients
inhibition
IRK
channel
activity
HEK
In
adult
hearts
a
transgenic
animal
model,
increases
spontaneous
beating
rate.
addition,
demonstrate
contractions
small
intestine,
which
detectable
after
pharmacological
block.
All-optical
high-throughput
screening
TRPC6
inhibitors
is
more
sensitive
than
conventional
screening.
Thus,
unveil
its
potential
optogenetic
applications.
Nutrients,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(14), P. 2952 - 2952
Published: July 19, 2022
Vitamin
A
is
a
fat-soluble
micronutrient
necessary
for
the
growth
of
healthy
skin
and
hair.
However,
both
too
little
much
vitamin
has
deleterious
effects.
Retinoic
acid
retinal
are
main
active
metabolites
A.
dose-dependently
regulates
hair
follicle
stem
cells,
influencing
functioning
cycle,
wound
healing,
melanocyte
cells.
also
influences
differentiation
proliferation
in
dose-dependent
temporal
manner.
Levels
retinoids
decline
when
exposed
to
ultraviolet
irradiation
skin.
Retinal
phototransduction
cascade
that
initiates
melanogenesis
but
source
currently
unknown.
This
review
discusses
new
research
on
their
effects
Deleted Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
1(1)
Published: Nov. 21, 2024
Abstract
This
review
covers
advancements
in
biosensing,
biophotovoltaics,
and
photobiomodulation,
focusing
on
the
synergistic
use
of
light,
biomaterials,
cells
or
tissues,
interfaced
with
photosensitive
dye-sensitized,
perovskite,
conjugated
polymer
organic
semiconductors
nanoparticles.
Integration
semiconductor
biological
systems,
using
non-invasive
light-probes
-stimuli
for
both
sensing
controlling
behavior,
has
led
to
groundbreaking
applications
like
artificial
retinas.
From
fusion
photovoltaics
biology,
a
new
research
field
emerges:
photovoltaic
bioelectronics.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: April 8, 2024
Abstract
Melanocytes
are
dendritic
cells
localized
in
skin,
eyes,
hair
follicles,
ears,
heart
and
central
nervous
system.
They
characterized
by
the
presence
of
melanosomes
enriched
melanin
which
responsible
for
eye
pigmentation.
also
have
different
functions
photoprotection,
immunity
sound
perception.
Melanocyte
dysfunction
can
cause
pigmentary
disorders,
hearing
vision
impairments
or
increased
cancer
susceptibility.
This
review
focuses
on
role
melanocytes
homeostasis
disease,
before
discussing
their
potential
regenerative
medicine
applications,
such
as
disease
modeling,
drug
testing
therapy
development
using
stem
cell
technologies,
tissue
engineering
extracellular
vesicles.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(13), P. 1082 - 1082
Published: June 22, 2024
Although
our
skin
is
not
the
primary
visual
organ
in
humans,
it
acts
as
a
light
sensor,
playing
significant
role
maintaining
health
and
overall
well-being.
Thanks
to
presence
of
complex
sophisticated
optotransduction
system,
interacts
with
visible
part
electromagnetic
spectrum
ultraviolet
(UV)
radiation.
Following
brief
overview
describing
main
photosensitive
molecules
that
detect
specific
radiation
their
associated
cell
pathways,
we
analyze
impact
on
physiological
functions
such
melanogenesis,
immune
response,
circadian
rhythms,
mood
regulation.
In
this
paper,
focus
6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole
(FICZ),
photo
oxidation
derivative
essential
amino
acid
tryptophan
(Trp).
This
molecule
best
endogenous
agonist
Aryl
hydrocarbon
Receptor
(AhR),
an
evolutionarily
conserved
transcription
factor,
traditionally
recognized
signal
transducer
both
exogenous
chemical
signals.
Increasing
evidence
indicates
AhR
also
involved
sensing
within
skin,
primarily
due
its
ligand
FICZ,
which
chromophore
photosensitizer.
The
biochemical
reactions
triggered
by
interaction
diverse
convey
crucial
data
body,
thus
adding
piece
puzzle
pathways
allow
us
decode
elaborate
environmental
stimuli.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(13), P. 2082 - 2082
Published: June 30, 2022
Melanocytes
produce
melanin
to
protect
the
skin
from
UV-B
radiation.
Notwithstanding,
spectrum
of
their
functions
extends
far
beyond
well-known
role
as
production
factories.
have
been
considered
sensory
and
computational
cells.
The
neurotransmitters,
neuropeptides,
other
hormones
produced
by
melanocytes
make
them
part
skin's
well-orchestrated
complex
neuroendocrine
network,
counteracting
environmental
stressors.
can
also
actively
mediate
epidermal
immune
response.
are
equipped
with
ectopic
systems
similar
eye
nose
sense
light
odor.
ubiquitous
inner
circadian
rhythm
controls
body's
basic
physiological
processes.
Light
not
only
affects
photoaging,
but
regulates
rhythms
communicates
local
system.
Do
"see"
play
a
unique
in
photoentrainment
clock
system?
Why,
then,
responsible
for
so
many
mysterious
functions?
these
functional
devices
work
maintain
homeostasis
locally
throughout
body?
In
addition,
shown
be
localized
internal
sites
such
ear,
brain,
heart,
locations
stimulated
sunlight.
Thus,
what
observation
extracutaneous
tell
us
about
"secret
identity"
melanocytes?
While
answers
some
intriguing
questions
remain
discovered,
here
we
summarize
weave
thread
around
available
data
explore
established
potential
roles
biological
communication
systemic
homeostasis,
elaborate
on
important
open
issues
propose
ways
forward.
