Melatonin Synthesis and Function: Evolutionary History in Animals and Plants

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 17, 2019

Melatonin is an ancient molecule that can be traced back to the origin of life. Melatonin's initial function was likely as a free radical scavenger. presumably evolved in bacteria; it has been measured both α-proteobacteria and photosynthetic cyanobacteria. In early evolution, bacteria were phagocytosed by primitive eukaryotes for their nutrient value. According endosymbiotic theory, ingested eventually developed symbiotic association with host eukaryotes. The into mitochondria while cyanobacteria became chloroplasts organelles retained ability produce melatonin. Since these have persisted present day, all species ever existed or currently exist may continue synthesize melatonin (animals plants) (plants) where functions antioxidant. other functions, including its multiple receptors, later evolution. day animals, via receptor-mediated means, regulation sleep, modulation circadian rhythms, enhancement immunity, multifunctional oncostatic agent, etc., retaining reduce oxidative stress processes are, part, receptor-independent. plants, continues reducing well promoting seed germination growth, improving resistance, stimulating immune system modulating rhythms; single receptor identified land plants controls stomatal closure on leaves. synthetic pathway varies somewhat between animals. amino acid, tryptophan, necessary precursor taxa. tryptophan initially hydroxylated 5-hydroxytryptophan which then decarboxylated formation serotonin. Serotonin either acetylated

Language: Английский

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Melatonin as a Hormone: New Physiological and Clinical Insights

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 990 - 1028

Published: Sept. 12, 2018

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to humans. In vertebrates, besides produced peripheral tissues and acting as an autocrine paracrine signal, melatonin centrally synthetized by neuroendocrine organ, the pineal gland. Independently of considered species, hormone always during night its production secretory episode duration are directly dependent on length night. As tightly linked light/dark cycle, main hormonal systemic integrative action coordinate behavioral physiological adaptations environmental geophysical day season. The circadian signal daily regularity, contrast between concentrations, specially developed ways action. During episode, coordinates adaptive physiology through immediate effects primes responses prospective that will only appear at daytime, when absent. Similarly, annual history central nervous/endocrine system seasons come. Remarkably, maternal programs fetuses' behavior cope with cycle season after birth. These unique turn into biological time-domain–acting molecule. review focuses above considerations, proposes putative classification clinical dysfunctions, discusses general guidelines therapeutic use melatonin.

Language: Английский

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A brief review about melatonin, a pineal hormone

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 62(4), P. 472 - 479

Published: Aug. 1, 2018

Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule in nature, being locally synthesized several cells and tissues, besides hormone that centrally produced the pineal gland of vertebrates, particularly mammals. Its synthesis timed by suprachiasmatic nucleus, synchronized to light-dark cycle via retinohypothalamic tract, placing melatonin at night, provided its dark. This unique trait turns into an internal synchronizer adequately times organism's physiology daily seasonal demands. Besides amphiphilic, presents specific mechanisms ways action devoted role as time-giving agent, widely spread organism. The present review aims focus on with action, presenting clinical syndromes related and/or function disruptions.

Language: Английский

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Virtual discovery of melatonin receptor ligands to modulate circadian rhythms

Nature, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 579(7800), P. 609 - 614

Published: Feb. 10, 2020

Language: Английский

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Melatonin as a master regulator of cell death and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications for newborn care

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10(4)

Published: April 8, 2019

Melatonin, more commonly known as the sleep hormone, is mainly secreted by pineal gland in dark conditions and regulates circadian rhythm of organism. Its intrinsic properties, including high cell permeability, ability to easily cross both blood-brain placenta barriers, its role an endogenous reservoir free radical scavengers (with indirect extra activities), confer it beneficial uses adjuvant biomedical field. Melatonin can exert effects acting through specific cellular receptors on plasma membrane, similar other hormones, or receptor-independent mechanisms that involve complex molecular talk with players. There increasing evidence regarding extraordinary melatonin, also via exogenous administration. Here, we summarize pathways which melatonin considered a master regulator, attention death inflammation from basic, translational clinical points view context newborn care.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin receptors: molecular pharmacology and signalling in the context of system bias

British Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 175(16), P. 3263 - 3280

Published: July 14, 2017

Melatonin, N ‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine, an evolutionally old molecule, is produced by the pineal gland in vertebrates, and it binds with high affinity to melatonin receptors, which are members of GPCR family. Among multiple effects attributed melatonin, we will focus here on those that dependent activation two mammalian MT 1 2 receptors. We briefly summarize latest developments synthetic receptor ligands, including multi‐target‐directed characterization signalling‐biased ligands. discuss signalling pathways activated receptors appear be highly cell‐ tissue‐dependent, emphasizing impact system bias functional outcome. Different proteins have been demonstrated interact thus, postulate part this has its molecular basis differences expression receptor‐associated heterodimerization partners. Finally, at level receptor, genetic variants, discussed show how a modified function can effect risk for common diseases like type diabetes humans. Linked Articles This article themed section Recent Developments Research Melatonin Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view other articles visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.16/issuetoc

Language: Английский

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Melatonin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 105 - 125

Published: Dec. 7, 2018

Language: Английский

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Tryptophan in health and disease

Advances in clinical chemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 165 - 218

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Melatonin signaling in T cells: Functions and applications

Journal of Pineal Research, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 62(3)

Published: Feb. 2, 2017

Abstract Melatonin affects a variety of physiological processes including circadian rhythms, cellular redox status, and immune function. Importantly, melatonin significantly influences T‐cell‐mediated responses, which are crucial to protect mammals against cancers infections, but associated with pathogenesis many autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on our current understanding the significance in T‐cell biology beneficial effects response‐based In addition expressing both membrane nuclear receptors for melatonin, T cells have four enzymes required synthesis produce high levels melatonin. Meanwhile, is highly effective modulating activation differentiation, especially Th17 Treg cells, also memory cells. Mechanistically, influence as well receptor‐independent pathways, example, via calcineurin. Several cell signaling ERK 1/2‐C/ EBP α, involved regulatory roles biology. Through modulation exerts various inflammatory diseases, such type 1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis. These findings highlight importance fate determination, cell‐based pathologies.

Language: Английский

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Melatonin and Hippo Pathway: Is There Existing Cross-Talk?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. 1913 - 1913

Published: Sept. 6, 2017

Melatonin is an indolic hormone that regulates a plethora of functions ranging from the regulation circadian rhythms and antioxidant properties to induction maintenance tumor suppressor pathways. It binds specific receptors as well some cytosolic proteins, leading several cellular signaling cascades. Recently, involvement melatonin in cancer insurgence progression has clearly been demonstrated. In this review, we will first describe structure its receptors, then discuss both molecular epidemiological evidence on anticancer effects. Finally, shed light potential cross-talk between Hippo pathway, along with possible implications for therapy.

Language: Английский

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