Net effects of multiple stressors in freshwater ecosystems: a meta‐analysis

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 180 - 189

Published: July 7, 2015

Abstract The accelerating rate of global change has focused attention on the cumulative impacts novel and extreme environmental changes (i.e. stressors), especially in marine ecosystems. As integrators local catchment regional processes, freshwater ecosystems are also ranked highly sensitive to net effects multiple stressors, yet there not been a large‐scale quantitative synthesis. We analysed data from 88 papers including 286 responses paired stressors discovered that overall, their mean effect size was less than sum single an antagonistic interaction). Net dual diversity functional performance response metrics were additive antagonistic, respectively. Across individual studies, simple vote‐counting method revealed stressor pairs frequently more (41%) synergistic (28%), (16%) or reversed (15%). Here, we define reversal as occurring when impact two is opposite direction (negative positive) effects. While warming with nutrification resulted effects, overall combined second antagonistic. Most importantly, across all consistently additive, contrasting greater prevalence reported synergies systems. possible explanation for by biota inherent variability smaller aquatic fosters potential acclimation co‐adaptation stressors.

Language: Английский

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Revisiting the Holy Grail: using plant functional traits to understand ecological processes

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 92(2), P. 1156 - 1173

Published: April 22, 2016

ABSTRACT One of ecology's grand challenges is developing general rules to explain and predict highly complex systems. Understanding predicting ecological processes from species' traits has been considered a ‘ H oly G rail’ in ecology. Plant functional are increasingly being used develop mechanistic models that can how communities will respond abiotic biotic perturbations species affect ecosystem function services rapidly changing world; however, significant remain. In this review, we highlight recent work outstanding questions three areas: ( i ) selecting relevant traits; ii describing intraspecific trait variation incorporating into models; iii scaling data community‐ ecosystem‐level processes. Over the past decade, there have advances characterization plant strategies based on relationships, integration multivariate indices community function. However, utility trait‐based approaches ecology benefit efforts demonstrate these influence organismal, community, across vegetation types, which may be achieved through meta‐analysis enhancement databases. Additionally, interactions need incorporated predictive using tools such as Bayesian hierarchical modelling. Finally, existing linking empirically tested for their applicability realized.

Language: Английский

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Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas

Theory and practice of urban sustainability transitions, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2017

This open access book brings together research findings and experiences from science, policy practice to highlight debate the importance of nature-based solutions climate change adaptation

Language: Английский

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Landscape simplification filters species traits and drives biotic homogenization

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Oct. 20, 2015

Biodiversity loss can affect the viability of ecosystems by decreasing ability communities to respond environmental change and disturbances. Agricultural intensification is a major driver biodiversity has multiple components operating at different spatial scales: from in-field management intensity landscape-scale simplification. Here we show that landscape-level effects dominate functional community composition even buffer on homogenization, animal in real-world managed landscapes unified response (across orders guilds) both simplification intensification. Adults larvae with specialized feeding habits, species shorter activity periods relatively small body sizes are selected against simplified intense management. Our results demonstrate diversity land cover types landscape scale critical for maintaining communities, which functionally diverse, where high.

Language: Английский

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CTFS‐ForestGEO: a worldwide network monitoring forests in an era of global change

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 528 - 549

Published: Sept. 25, 2014

Global change is impacting forests worldwide, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services including climate regulation. Understanding how respond critical to forest conservation protection. This review describes an international network of 59 long-term dynamics research sites (CTFS-ForestGEO) useful for characterizing responses global change. Within very large plots (median size 25 ha), all stems ≥ 1 cm diameter are identified species, mapped, regularly recensused according standardized protocols. CTFS-ForestGEO spans °S-61 °N latitude, generally representative the range bioclimatic, edaphic, topographic conditions experienced by only monitoring that applies a protocol each world's major biomes. Supplementary measurements at subsets provide additional information on plants, animals, environmental variables. experiencing multifaceted anthropogenic pressures warming (average 0.61 °C), changes in precipitation (up ± 30% change), atmospheric deposition nitrogen sulfur compounds 3.8 g N m(-2) yr(-1) 3.1 S yr(-1)), fragmentation surrounding landscape 88% reduced tree cover within 5 km). The broad suite made makes it possible investigate complex ways which dynamics. Ongoing across yielding insights into why changing, continued will vital contributions understanding worldwide diversity era

Language: Английский

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Our future in the Anthropocene biosphere

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(4), P. 834 - 869

Published: March 14, 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed an interconnected and tightly coupled globalized world in rapid change. This article sets the scientific stage for understanding responding to such change global sustainability resilient societies. We provide a systemic overview of current situation where people nature are dynamically intertwined embedded biosphere, placing shocks extreme events as part this dynamic; humanity become major force shaping future Earth system whole; scale pace human dimension have caused climate change, loss biodiversity, growing inequalities, resilience deal with uncertainty surprise. Taken together, actions challenging biosphere foundation prosperous development civilizations. Anthropocene reality-of rising system-wide turbulence-calls transformative towards sustainable futures. Emerging technologies, social innovations, broader shifts cultural repertoires, well diverse portfolio active stewardship support highlighted essential parts transformations.

Language: Английский

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β-Diversity, Community Assembly, and Ecosystem Functioning

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 33(7), P. 549 - 564

Published: May 26, 2018

Language: Английский

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Hydraulic diversity of forests regulates ecosystem resilience during drought

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 561(7724), P. 538 - 541

Published: Sept. 18, 2018

Language: Английский

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Drivers and mechanisms of tree mortality in moist tropical forests

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 219(3), P. 851 - 869

Published: Feb. 16, 2018

Tree mortality rates appear to be increasing in moist tropical forests (MTFs) with significant carbon cycle consequences. Here, we review the state of knowledge regarding MTF tree mortality, create a conceptual framework testable hypotheses drivers, mechanisms and interactions that may underlie rates, identify next steps for improved understanding reduced prediction. Increasing are associated rising temperature vapor pressure deficit, liana abundance, drought, wind events, fire and, possibly, CO2 fertilization-induced increases stand thinning or acceleration trees reaching larger, more vulnerable heights. The majority these drivers kill part through starvation hydraulic failure. relative importance each driver is unknown. High species diversity buffer MTFs against large-scale but recent expected trends give reason concern within MTFs. Models advancing representation hydraulics, demography, require empirical most common their subsequent mechanisms. We outline critical datasets model developments required test underlying causes improve prediction future under climate change. Contents Summary 852 I. Introduction II. Amazon Basin 854 III. Global regional 855 IV. On coupling 859 V. Mitigating factors promote survival VI. ESM simulations VII. Next 860 VIII. Conclusions 863 Acknowledgements ORCID References

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity and ecosystem services in forest ecosystems: a research agenda for applied forest ecology

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 12 - 27

Published: May 9, 2016

Summary Given the substantial contributions of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services to society, sciences have a large potential contribute integrity sustainability our future. This is especially true when roles for sustaining are considered. The rapid expansion sustainable management ( SFM ) has resulted in adoption various frameworks intended safeguard biodiversity. Concurrently, importance been increasingly recognized. Although some initiatives aimed at conserving both emerging, knowledge gaps still exist about their relationships trade‐offs forests. recent advancements, increasing opportunities lags ecology, further research on biodiversity, functions will play development practices. Here, we identified key issues including (i) between function as foundation ecological integrity, (ii) resilience thinking better prepare adapt environmental changes, (iii) social–ecological perspectives that facilitate real‐world conservation (iv) theory‐driven restoration bridges science practice. Thus, illustrate priorities future possibilities applied ecology studies forests, which help society ecosystems build capacity face uncertainty changing environment. Synthesis applications . Under human influences, forests highly likely be largely altered, potentially leading emergence novel or alternative stable states. Management thus needs more flexible, measures address significant this generates. Resilience‐based approaches important respond adaptively changes cope with surprises, providing multiple options. challenges exist, theory should an role managing, restoring ecosystems. discussed here receive attention context goals management.

Language: Английский

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