Mammal responses to global changes in human activity vary by trophic group and landscape

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 924 - 935

Published: March 18, 2024

Abstract Wildlife must adapt to human presence survive in the Anthropocene, so it is critical understand species responses humans different contexts. We used camera trapping as a lens view mammal changes activity during COVID-19 pandemic. Across 163 sampled 102 projects around world, amount and timing of animal varied widely. Under higher activity, mammals were less active undeveloped areas but unexpectedly more developed while exhibiting greater nocturnality. Carnivores most sensitive, showing strongest decreases greatest increases managers consider how habituation uneven sensitivity across may cause fundamental differences human–wildlife interactions along gradients influence.

Language: Английский

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The effect of plant richness and urban garden structure on bird species richness, diversity and community structure

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 122, P. 186 - 195

Published: Nov. 13, 2013

Language: Английский

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The town bird and the country bird: problem solving and immunocompetence vary with urbanization

Behavioral Ecology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 27(2), P. 637 - 644

Published: Nov. 27, 2015

Adaptation to urban habitats presumably requires changes in cognitive, behavioral, and physiological traits enabling individuals exploit new resources. It is predicted that boldness, reduced neophobia, enhanced problem-solving learning skills might characterize birds compared with their rural conspecifics, while exposure novel pathogens require an immunity. To test these predictions, we assessed problem solving, color discrimination learning, immunocompetence the bullfinch Loxigilla barbadensis, a highly opportunistic innovative endemic bird Barbados, wild-caught from range of differently urbanized sites. Birds areas were better at solving than counterparts, but did not differ learning. They also bolder but, surprisingly, more neophobic birds. Urban had immunocompetence, measured phytohemagglutinin antigen. Our study sheds light on trade-offs acting animals exposed changing environments, particularly context urbanization.

Language: Английский

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‘Bee Hotels’ as Tools for Native Pollinator Conservation: A Premature Verdict?

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. e0122126 - e0122126

Published: March 18, 2015

Society is increasingly concerned with declining wild bee populations. Although most bees nest in the ground, considerable effort has centered on installing 'bee hotels'—also known as boxes or trap nests—which artificially aggregate sites of above ground nesting bees. Campaigns to 'save bees' often promote these devices despite absence data indicating they have a positive effect. From survey almost 600 hotels set up over period three years Toronto, Canada, introduced nested at 32.9% and represented 24.6% more than 27,000 total wasps recorded (47.1% all recorded). Native were parasitized females species provisioned nests significantly female larva each year. abundant both native occupied 3/4 year; further, only group increase relative abundance year More research needed elucidate potential pitfalls benefits using conservation population dynamics

Language: Английский

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The evolutionary consequences of human–wildlife conflict in cities

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 178 - 197

Published: Sept. 17, 2020

Human-wildlife interactions, including human-wildlife conflict, are increasingly common as expanding urbanization worldwide creates more opportunities for people to encounter wildlife. Wildlife-vehicle collisions, zoonotic disease transmission, property damage, and physical attacks or their pets have negative consequences both wildlife, underscoring the need comprehensive strategies that mitigate prevent conflict altogether. Management techniques often aim deter, relocate, remove individual organisms, all of which may present a significant selective force in urban nonurban systems. Management-induced selection significantly affect adaptive nonadaptive evolutionary processes populations, yet few studies explicate links among wildlife management, evolution. Moreover, intensity management can vary considerably by taxon, public perception, policy, religious cultural beliefs, geographic region, underscores complexity developing flexible tools reduce conflict. Here, we cross-disciplinary perspective integrates evolution address how social-ecological drive adaptation cities. We emphasize variance implemented actions shapes strength rate phenotypic change. also consider specific either promote genetic plastic changes, leveraging those biological inferences could help optimize while minimizing Investigating an phenomenon provide insights into arises plays critical role shaping phenotypes.

Language: Английский

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The cognition of ‘nuisance’ species

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 167 - 177

Published: May 30, 2018

Language: Английский

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Greater consumption of protein‐poor anthropogenic food by urban relative to rural coyotes increases diet breadth and potential for human–wildlife conflict

Ecography, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 38(12), P. 1235 - 1242

Published: March 26, 2015

Reports of encounters between people and generalist urban‐adapted carnivores are increasing around the world. In North America, coyotes Canis latrans among that appear to be especially capable incorporating novel anthropogenic food types, including those found in cities. Consuming may benefit by their dietary diversity, but it also lead increased interactions conflicts with humans. To test these hypotheses, we compared diets urban rural from two three sites spanning 32 200 km 2 Alberta, Canada. We analyzed scat samples calculate diet diversity at level both individuals (species per scat) populations (Shannon index) determine frequency consumption. complemented this comparison stable isotope analyses hair taken individual were or not reported public for repeatedly visiting backyards schoolyards during day. Relative coyotes, had more diverse populations, consumed often, animals less than coyotes. Although assimilated overall, conflict protein likely diseased. Our results suggest processed contribute success does entirely correlate conflict. Instead, some seemingly innocuous, low‐protein sources such as bird feeders, compost, cultivated fruit trees disproportionately other opportunistic carnivores.

Language: Английский

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Human disturbance has contrasting effects on niche partitioning within carnivore communities

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 95(6), P. 1689 - 1705

Published: July 14, 2020

ABSTRACT Among species, coexistence is driven partly by the partitioning of available resources. The mechanisms and competition among species have been a central topic within community ecology, with particular focus on mammalian carnivore research. However, despite growing concern regarding impact humans behaviour very little known about effect interactions. aim this review to establish comprehensive framework for impacts human disturbance three dimensions (spatial, temporal trophic) niche communities subsequent effects both intraguild structure. We conducted systematic literature (246 studies) extracted 46 reported disturbance. found evidence that resource partitioning, either positively or negatively, in all dimensions. repercussions such variations are highly heterogeneous differ according type how landscape and/or availability resources affected. propose theoretical main outcomes structure: ( i ) impedes increasing reducing richness diversity community; ii unbalances competition, affecting stability; iii facilitates decreasing enriching community. call better integration future research interspecific competition.

Language: Английский

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Urbanization and biological invasion shape animal personalities

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 592 - 603

Published: June 16, 2016

Novel selective pressures derived from human activities challenge the persistence of animal populations worldwide. Behavior is expected to be a major factor driving animals' responses global change because it largely determines how animals interact with environment. However, role individual variation in behavior facilitate changing environments remains poorly understood. Here, we adopted an personality approach investigate whether different behavioral traits allow deal two components change: urbanization and biological invasions. By studying six Anolis sagrei lizards, found for first time that anoles vary consistently their across times contexts. Importantly, these personalities were consistent wild captivity. We investigated are pulled directions by change. On one hand, lizards urban areas differ nearby forest they more tolerant humans, less aggressive, bolder after simulated predator attack, spent exploring new environments. Several risk-taking behaviors constituted syndrome significantly differed between populations. other A. coexisting invasive predatory lizard Leiocephalus carinatus was associated dramatic changes foraging niche. Overall, provide evidence differences under novel regimes producing adaptive relevant ecology such as avoidance. Our results suggest natural selection can favor certain over others when confronted ecological challenges posed Therefore, underscore need incorporate into study adaptively respond human-induced environmental changes.

Language: Английский

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Urbanization Is Associated with Divergence in Pace-of-Life in Great Tits

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: May 29, 2017

As an extension of the classic life history theory, recently highlighted pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis predicts coevolution behavioural, physiological and life-history traits. For instance, bolder shyer individuals do not only differ in personality profiles, but also neuro-endocrinology breeding patterns. While theory that (i.e. proactive), more aggressive should colonize rapidly urbanized habitats than reactive), less individuals, it is predicted across generations, adaptive selection processes could favour are sensitive to novel environmental cues. Here we compared two traits (handling aggression, exploration score a environment), one trait related stress response (breath rate) four (lay date, clutch size, hatching success fledging success) rural urban study population Mediterranean great tits Parus major. Mixed models revealed strong phenotypic divergence between forest city most explored, particular personality, whereby were reactive faster explorers birds (yet aggressive). Urban laid smaller broods earlier spring their conspecifics, resulted lower yet interestingly was similar. Nest-box centered measures anthropogenic (artificial light, pedestrians cars) perturbation resource abundance allowed us go beyond classical forest/city comparison by exploring variation urbanization gradient. This high urbanisation nest-box surroundings associated overall with clutches, breath rate, although these trends showed annual variation. Ongoing rapid non-random gene flow both contribute prevalence bold breeders city. Our suggests existence tit ecotypes different pace-of-life, finer-scale along degree within Future studies required determine whether this at spatiotemporal scales has genetic basis or results from plasticity.

Language: Английский

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