Predator-driven natural selection on risk-taking behavior in anole lizards

Science, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 360(6392), P. 1017 - 1020

Published: June 1, 2018

Biologists have long debated the role of behavior in evolution, yet understanding its as a driver adaptation is hampered by scarcity experimental studies natural selection on nature. After showing that individual Anolis sagrei lizards vary consistently risk-taking behaviors, we experimentally established populations eight small islands either with or without Leiocephalus carinatus, major ground predator. We found predictably favors different behaviors under treatments: Exploratory favored absence predators, whereas avoidance their presence. On predator islands, stronger than morphology, opposite holds predators. Our field experiment demonstrates can shape behavioral traits, paving way toward to varying environmental contexts.

Language: Английский

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Town and Country Reptiles: A Review of Reptilian Responses to Urbanization

Integrative and Comparative Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 30, 2018

The majority of the world population is now inhabiting urban areas, and with staggering growth, urbanization also increasing. While work studying effects changing landscapes specific pressures on wildlife beginning to amass, this focuses avian or mammalian species. However, likely vary substantially across taxonomic groups due differences in habitat requirements life history. current article aims first broaden review reptilian species; second, summarize responses fauna features; third, assess directionality individual level reptile Based our findings, research taxa lacking following areas: (1) investigating interactive additive factors, (2) measuring multiple morphological, behavioral, physiological endpoints within an animal, (3) linking population-level responses, (4) testing genetic/genomic environment as evidence for selective pressures.

Language: Английский

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Wild boar in the city: Phenotypic responses to urbanisation

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 773, P. 145593 - 145593

Published: Feb. 4, 2021

Language: Английский

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The rhesus macaque as a success story of the Anthropocene

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: July 8, 2022

Of all the non-human primate species studied by researchers, rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) is likely most widely used across biological disciplines. Rhesus macaques have thrived during Anthropocene and now largest natural range of any primate. They are highly social, exhibit marked genetic diversity, display remarkable niche flexibility (which allows them to live in a habitats survive on variety diets). These characteristics mean that well-suited for understanding links between sociality, health fitness, also investigating intra-specific variation, adaptation other topics evolutionary ecology.

Language: Английский

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Fat and happy in the city: Eastern chipmunks in urban environments

Behavioral Ecology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 28(6), P. 1464 - 1471

Published: July 25, 2017

Cities are rapidly expanding, and wildlife may experience different selection pressures in urban environments when compared to natural habitats. Phenotypic differences between populations occur because of the altered environment. Behavior, activity hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis body condition can be expected differ We used eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) test for behavior assayed from an open field test, hair fecal cortisol concentrations, (size-corrected mass), predicting that chipmunks would exhibit more exploratory behavior, higher condition, than their counterparts sampled 2 areas paired with habitats subjected adult collected samples determination measured size mass estimate condition. Eastern had significantly tending toward reduced locomotion grooming, greater latency, Urban also lower concentrations those habitats, female were better captured These results suggest relatively benign chipmunks, perhaps need exploration availability anthropogenic food subsidies associated environments.

Language: Английский

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Why and how the early-life environment affects development of coping behaviours

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 72(3)

Published: Feb. 9, 2018

Understanding the ways in which individuals cope with threats, respond to challenges, make use of opportunities and mediate harmful effects their surroundings is important for predicting ability function a rapidly changing world. Perhaps one most essential drivers coping behaviour adults environment experienced during early-life development. Although study coping, defined as behaviours displayed response environmental has long rich research history biology, recent literature repeatedly pointed out that processes through develop are still largely unknown. In this review, we move towards integrating ultimate proximate lines research. After broadly defining (1), review why, from an evolutionary perspective, development become tightly linked (2), relevant developmental creating adjusted (3), influences have been shown impact those (4) what adaptive significance intergenerational transmission is, context behavioural adaptations fast world (5). Important concepts such parents, habitat, nutrition, social group stress discussed using examples empirical studies on mammals, fish, birds other animals. discussion, address problems arise when studying suggest solutions.

Language: Английский

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Lymnaea stagnalis as model for translational neuroscience research: From pond to bench

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 108, P. 602 - 616

Published: Nov. 28, 2019

Language: Английский

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Animal personalities and seed dispersal: A conceptual review

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(7), P. 1294 - 1310

Published: May 2, 2020

Abstract Consistent individual tendencies in behaviour, or behavioural types, are likely to impact the dynamics and outcomes of animal‐mediated seed dispersal. We review extant literature on this issue outline a conceptual overview guide emerging field. provide an possible ways which types can affect summarize theoretical mechanisms linking with dispersal how might each stage dispersal, beginning fruit encounter harvest, ending events that take place after deposition. Since involve correlations among different behaviours (i.e. syndromes), they generate unexpected associations between decisions involved conflicting (or reinforcing) effects stages Thus, we draw particular attention trade‐offs faced by seeds dispersed individuals tendencies. also note since is multiplicative process stages, disperser moderately efficient at will be better for plants than very some steps, but inefficient others. Finally, testable predictions links characteristics including, example, influences probability distance, deposition sites condition seeds. argue investigating mechanistic understanding plant regeneration. A free plain language summary found within Supporting Information article.

Language: Английский

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Small mammals in the big city: Behavioural adjustments of non‐commensal rodents to urban environments

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(11), P. 6326 - 6337

Published: Aug. 7, 2020

Abstract A fundamental focus of current ecological and evolutionary research is to illuminate the drivers animals’ success in coping with human‐induced rapid environmental change (HIREC). Behavioural adaptations are likely play a major role HIREC because behaviour largely determines how individuals interact their surroundings. substantial body reports behavioural modifications urban dwellers compared rural conspecifics. However, it often unknown whether observed phenotypic divergence due plasticity or product genetic adaptations. Here, we aimed at investigating (a) differences arise also between populations non‐commensal rodents; (b) these result from flexibility intrinsic characteristics, such as maternal effects. We captured kept under common environment conditions 42 52 adult voles ( Microtus arvalis ) seven subpopulations along rural–urban gradient. investigated individual variation responses associated risk‐taking exploration, situ time capture field ex after 3 months captivity. Urban were bolder more explorative than conspecifics respective sites (in situ). when tested situ, showed little whereas altered considerably consistently shyer less situ. The combination elevated exploration high might allow successfully cope challenges HIREC. Investigating adaptive they shaped by additive interactive effects make‐up past will help eco‐evolutionary dynamics predict persistence conditions.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Animal Cognition in Human-Wildlife Interactions

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 4, 2020

Humans have a profound effect on the planet's ecosystems, and unprecedented rates of human population growth urbanization brought wild animals into increasing contact with people. For many species, appropriate responses toward humans are likely to be critical survival reproductive success. Although numerous studies investigated impacts activity biodiversity species distributions, relatively few examined effects behavioral during human-wildlife encounters, cognitive processes underpinning those responses. Furthermore, while often present significant threat animals, presence or behavior people may also associated benefits, such as food rewards. In scenarios where vary in their behavior, would expected benefit from ability discriminate between dangerous, neutral rewarding Additionally, individual differences phenotypes past experiences affect animals' exploit human-dominated environments respond appropriately cues. this review, we examine cues that use modulate humans, facial features gaze direction. We discuss when attend certain cues, how information is used, mechanisms involved. consider abilities under selection by therefore influence community composition. conclude highlighting need for long-term free-living, fully understand causes ecological consequences variation The wildlife substantial, detailed understanding these key implementing effective conservation strategies managing conflict.

Language: Английский

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