Neophilia, innovation and learning in an urbanized world: a critical evaluation of mixed findings

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 15 - 22

Published: March 10, 2017

Language: Английский

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Changing resource landscapes and spillover of henipaviruses

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 1429(1), P. 78 - 99

Published: Aug. 23, 2018

Abstract Old World fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) provide critical pollination and seed dispersal services to forest ecosystems across Africa, Asia, Australia. In each of these regions, pteropodids have been identified as natural reservoir hosts for henipaviruses. The genus Henipavirus includes Hendra virus Nipah virus, which regularly spill over from domestic animals humans in Australia a suite largely uncharacterized African Rapid change bat habitat associated shifts their ecology behavior are well documented, with evidence suggesting that altered diet, roosting habitat, movement behaviors increasing spillover risk bat‐borne viruses. We review the ways changing resource landscapes affect processes culminate cross‐species transmission henipaviruses, host density distribution within‐host immunity recipient exposure. evaluate existing highlight gaps knowledge limiting our understanding ecological drivers henipavirus spillover. When considering context land‐use change, we emphasize it is especially important disentangle effects loss provisioning on processes, jointly consider changes abundance, quality, composition.

Language: Английский

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Secrets of Success in a Landscape of Fear: Urban Wild Boar Adjust Risk Perception and Tolerate Disturbance

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Dec. 6, 2017

1 Introduction The landscape of fear describes an animal's trade-off between access to food and predator avoidance on a spatial scale (Brown et al., 1999;Laundre J. W. 2010;Laundre 2014). concept includes that the represents relative levels predation risk as peaks valleys reflect level in different parts its area use (Laundre 2010). Disturbance wildlife by people is particularly frequent urban environments can exceed disturbance natural predators. It therefore has potential shape prey behavior should incite such (Frid Dill, 2002;Ciuti 2012;Rosner 2014;Stoen 2015). number mammals living increases (Bateman Fleming, 2012;Magle 2012). Hence, support provide various sources: (Stillfried 2017b) or anthropogenic, easily accessible (Cahill 2012;Murray 2015;Theimer 2015;Tryjanowski 2015), both which contain high amount energy (Ottoni 2009;Maibeche be worse than rural one because threat with human proximity per se, traffic volume additional predators domestic dogs other companion animals 2002;Baker alKinney, 2002;Lowry 2013). Urban needs perceive spatio-temporal variation (Valeix correspond features roads, vehicle pedestrian (Dowding 2010;Bonnot 2013;Lowry 2013;Morelle 2013;Murray St Clair, 2015;Thurfjell 2015;Gray 2016), sealed built-up areas (= density housing (Bonnot 2013;Magle 2014;Beninde 2016)

Language: Английский

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Don't poke the bear: using tracking data to quantify behavioural syndromes in elusive wildlife

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 147, P. 91 - 104

Published: Dec. 18, 2018

Animal personality traits and the emergence of behavioural syndromes, i.e. between-individual correlation behaviours, are commonly quantified from observations in controlled environments. Subjecting large elusive wildlife to test situations is, however, rarely possible, suggesting that ecologists should exploit alternative measures behaviours for quantifying differences between individuals. Our goal was whether movement space use data can be used quantify syndromes wild. We six GPS dual motion sensor tracking devices 46 adult female brown bears followed southcentral Sweden over summer early autumn. As well as daily travel distance, an indicator activity, displacement, exploration, we four increase a bear's likelihood encountering humans could thus serve indicators boldness: diurnality, selection roads two open habitat types, bogs clearcuts, with low lateral cover. tested (1) showed repeatable variation (animal personality) (2) were correlated individuals formed syndrome. Repeatability ranged 0.16 0.61 confirming movement, activity use. A multivariate mixed model revealed significant positive correlations displacement existence activity–exploration potentially partial boldness syndrome our bear population. Selection exposed or human-frequented habitats uncorrelated each other, albeit there trend stronger road avoidance by readily clearcuts. show sets spatial behaviours. suggest delineating types will increasing interest because importance animal ecological processes, conservation human–wildlife coexistence.

Language: Английский

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Do cities represent sources, sinks or isolated islands for urban wild boar population structure?

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 54(1), P. 272 - 281

Published: July 26, 2016

Summary Urban sprawl has resulted in the permanent presence of large mammal species urban areas, leading to human–wildlife conflicts. Wild boar Sus scrofa are establishing a many cities Europe, with largest German population occurring Berlin. Despite their relatively long‐term presence, there is little knowledge colonization processes, dispersal patterns or connectivity Berlin's populations, hampering development effective management plans. We used 13 microsatellite loci genotype 387 adult and subadult wild from four forests, adjacent built‐up areas surrounding rural forests. applied genetic clustering algorithms analyse structure boar. approximate Bayesian computation infer boar's history city. Finally, we assignment tests determine origin hunted areas. The animals three forests formed distinct clusters, remaining samples all being assigned one population. One cluster was founded by individuals another rather than immigrants. that had been harvested within predominantly area, clusters. Synthesis applications . Our results likely have an immediate impact on strategies for board populations Berlin, because they show not only but also ongoing source–sink dynamics between It therefore essential neighbouring Federal States Berlin Brandenburg develop common hunting plans control reduce conflicts

Language: Английский

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