Staying Alive: Molecular Aspects of Seed Longevity

Plant and Cell Physiology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 57(4), P. 660 - 674

Published: Dec. 3, 2015

Mature seeds are an ultimate physiological status that enables plants to endure extreme conditions such as high and low temperature, freezing desiccation. Seed longevity, the period over which seed remains viable, is important trait not only for plant adaptation changing environments, but also, example, agriculture conservation of biodiversity. Reduction longevity often associated with oxidation cellular macromolecules nucleic acids, proteins lipids. Seeds possess two main strategies combat these stressful conditions: protection repair. The protective mechanism includes formation glassy cytoplasm reduce metabolic activities production antioxidants prevent accumulation oxidized during storage. repair system removes damage accumulated in DNA, RNA upon imbibition through enzymes DNA glycosylase methionine sulfoxide reductase. In addition dormancy also adaptive contributes lifespan. Studies Arabidopsis have shown seed-specific transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) plays a central role ABA-mediated longevity. largely relies on viability embryos. Nevertheless, characterization mutants altered coat structure constituents has demonstrated although maternally derived cell layers surrounding embryos dead, they significant impact

Language: Английский

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A research agenda for seed‐trait functional ecology

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 221(4), P. 1764 - 1775

Published: Sept. 30, 2018

Summary Trait‐based approaches have improved our understanding of plant evolution, community assembly and ecosystem functioning. A major challenge for the upcoming decades is to understand functions evolution early life‐history traits, across levels organization ecological strategies. Although a variety seed traits are critical dispersal, persistence, germination timing seedling establishment, only mass has been considered systematically. Here we suggest broadening range morphological, physiological biochemical add new on niches, population dynamics assembly. The diversity provides an important that will require international collaboration in three areas research. First, present conceptual framework spectrum builds upon current niches. We then lay foundation seed‐trait functional network, establishment which underpin facilitate trait‐based inferences. Finally, anticipate novel insights challenges associated with incorporating diverse into predictive evolutionary ecology, ecology applied ecology. If invests standardized collection implementation rigorous databases, strides can be made at this exciting frontier

Language: Английский

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Late seed maturation: drying without dying

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. erw363 - erw363

Published: Sept. 29, 2016

Besides the deposition of storage reserves, seed maturation is characterized by acquisition functional traits including germination, desiccation tolerance, dormancy, and longevity. After filling, longevity increases up to 30-fold, concomitant with that brings embryo a quiescent state. The period we define as late phase can represent 10-78% total development time, yet it remains overlooked. Its importance underscored fact in production chain, stage maturity at harvest primary factor influences seedling establishment. This review describes major events regulatory pathways underlying longevity, focusing on key indicators such chlorophyll degradation, accumulation raffinose family oligosaccharides, embryogenesis abundant proteins, heat shock proteins. We discuss how these markers are correlated or contribute highlight questions merit further attention. present evidence suggesting molecular players involved biotic defence also have role explore concept plasticity help understand

Language: Английский

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Seed germination traits can contribute better to plant community ecology

Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 27(3), P. 637 - 645

Published: Jan. 4, 2016

Abstract Analyses of functional traits have become fundamental tools for understanding patterns and processes in plant community ecology. In this context, regenerative seed play an important, yet overlooked, role because they largely determine the ability plants to disperse re‐establish. A survey recent publications ecology suggests that germination particular are neglected at expense other relevant but overused based only on morphology. As a response bias, we discuss significance comparison with morphological biophysical traits, advocate their use vegetation science. We also demonstrate how research assembly, climate change restoration can benefit from inclusion encompassing functions cannot be explained solely by adult traits. Seed experiments conducted laboratory or field quantify these provide ecologically meaningful relatively easy‐to‐obtain information about properties communities. argue bridging gap between physiologists ecologists will improve prediction assemblages, propose further perspectives including into agenda ecologists.

Language: Английский

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Regeneration: an overlooked aspect of trait‐based plant community assembly models

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 104(5), P. 1284 - 1298

Published: May 24, 2016

Summary Despite the disproportionate influence that propagule production, dispersal, seed‐to‐seedling recruitment and vegetative reproduction can have on plant population community dynamics, progress has been slow in directed collection of regeneration traits to inform assembly outcomes. While seed mass is globally available linked growth reproductive output, there are limits its explanatory ability. In this essay, we call for expanded efforts integrate a more diverse set into models. First, extend an existing framework conceptualize as series transitional processes whose outcomes influenced by abiotic filters, biotic interactions species traits. We then briefly review literature, highlighting filters demonstrated or theorized importance each transition. Finally, place context emerging modelling approaches trait‐based assembly, summarizing key areas needed these efforts. Synthesis . By incorporating influential empirical studies global data bases, begin disentangle regenerative mechanisms underlying enhance rapidly developing models species’ abundances, distributions responses environmental change.

Language: Английский

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Seed dormancy cycling and the regulation of dormancy mechanisms to time germination in variable field environments

Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 68(4), P. 843 - 856

Published: Jan. 24, 2017

Many molecular mechanisms that regulate dormancy have been identified individually in controlled laboratory studies. However, little is known about how the seed employs this complex suite of during cycling variable environment soil bank. Nevertheless, behaviour essential to ensure germination takes place a favourable habitat and climate space, correct season for resulting plant complete its life cycle. During their time bank, seeds continually adjust status by sensing range environmental signals. Those related slow seasonal change (e.g. temperature) are used temporal determine year depth dormancy. This alters sensitivity signals spatial light, nitrate, water potential) indicate conditions suitable germination, so trigger termination We review work on physiological, molecular, ecological aspects Arabidopsis interpret it context approach has provided new insight into co-ordination signalling networks, multidimensional regulates environment.

Language: Английский

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An Updated Overview on the Regulation of Seed Germination

Plants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 703 - 703

Published: June 1, 2020

The ability of a seed to germinate and establish plant at the right time year is vital importance from an ecological economical point view. Due fragility these early growth stages, their swiftness robustness will impact later developmental stages crop yield. These traits are modulated by continuous interaction between genetic makeup environment production germination stages. In this review, we have summarized established knowledge on control molecular perspective. This serves as “backbone” integrate latest developments in field. include link events occurring mother influenced environment, changes chromatin landscape, discovery new players insights related well-known master regulators. Finally, results recent studies hormone transport, signaling, biophysical mechanical tissue properties underscoring relevance tissue-specific regulation interplay signals crucial process.

Language: Английский

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Fire‐released seed dormancy ‐ a global synthesis

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 97(4), P. 1612 - 1639

Published: April 6, 2022

ABSTRACT Seed dormancy varies greatly between species, clades, communities, and regions. We propose that fireprone ecosystems create ideal conditions for the selection of seed as fire provides a mechanism release postfire are optimal germination. Thus, fire‐released should vary in type abundance under different regimes. To test these predictions, we compiled data from wide range fire‐related germination experiments species across globe. identified four syndromes: heat‐released (physical) dormancy, smoke‐released (physiological) non‐fire‐released non‐dormancy. In ecosystems, fire, form heat and/or chemical by‐products (collectively termed ‘smoke’), predominant stimuli subsequent germination, with climate (cold or warm stratification) light sometimes playing important secondary roles. Fire (heat smoke)‐released is best expressed where woody vegetation dense fires intense, i.e. crown‐fire ecosystems. such environments, allows shade‐intolerant to take advantage gaps created by synchronize recruitment conditions. grassy (e.g. savannas), less intense but more frequent, common often not directly related (non‐fire‐released dormancy). Rates whether controls postfire, twice fast savannas than mediterranean Fire‐released rare absent arid rainforests. The seeds many also possess elaiosomes promote ant dispersal. Burial ants increases insulation places them suitable location dormancy. distribution syndromes plants random – certain types associated particular lineages (phylogenetic conservatism). Heat‐released can be traced back floras ‘fiery’ mid‐Cretaceous, followed loss among recent events advent open non‐fireprone habitats. Anthropogenic influences now modifying dormancy‐release mechanisms, usually decreasing role exaptive effects. conclude contrasting regimes key driver evolution maintenance diverse world's natural

Language: Английский

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The Seed and the Metabolism Regulation

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 168 - 168

Published: Jan. 20, 2022

The seed represents a critical stage in the life cycle of flowering plants. It corresponds to dry structure carrying plant embryo dormant or quiescent state. Orthodox seeds possess very low water content, preventing biochemical reactions, especially respiration. If desiccation living organisms leads loss homeostasis, structure, and metabolism, go through it successfully thanks their cellular organization, growth regulation. Seeds set up certain number sophisticated molecules protect valuable macromolecules organelles from dehydration/rehydration cycles. Moreover, dormancy takes place coordinated process with environmental cues order ensure development at most appropriate conditions for establishment new plant. repair processes are programmed be ready operate maximize germination success longevity. This review focuses on physiology as related hydration forces, respiration, reactions transition thermodynamically undefined state self-sustained system. Such importance basic knowledge regulation metabolism organisms, but also control context climate change due global warming.

Language: Английский

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The long‐term persistence of phytoplankton resting stages in aquatic ‘seed banks’

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 93(1), P. 166 - 183

Published: May 5, 2017

In the past decade, research on long-term persistence of phytoplankton resting stages has intensified. Simultaneously, insight into life-cycle variability in diverse groups also increased. Aquatic 'seed banks' have tremendous significance and show many interesting parallels to terrestrial seed beds vascular plants, but are much less studied. It is therefore timely review phenomenon aquatic sediment banks. Herein we compare function, morphology physiology factors central for seeds. We types found different focus which (multi-decadal) been shown: dinoflagellates, diatoms, green algae cyanobacteria. discuss metabolism dormancy ecological, evolutionary management implications this important trait. Phytoplankton exhibiting viability characterized by thick, often multi-layered walls accumulation vesicles containing starch, lipids or other materials such as pigments, cyanophycin unidentified granular materials. They reported play roles resilience survival catastrophic events. Promising areas future include role hormones mediating dormancy, elucidating mechanisms behind metabolic shut-down testing bet-hedging hypotheses.

Language: Английский

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