Linking size spectrum, energy flux and trophic multifunctionality in soil food webs of tropical land‐use systems

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 88(12), P. 1845 - 1859

Published: May 21, 2019

Abstract Many ecosystem functions depend on the structure of food webs, which heavily relies body size spectrum community. Despite that, little is known how soil animals responds to agricultural practices in tropical land‐use systems and these responses affect functioning. We studied land‐use‐induced changes below‐ground communities lowland ecosystems Sumatra (Jambi province, Indonesia), a hot spot rainforest conversion into rubber oil palm plantations. The study included ca. 30,000 measured individuals from 33 high‐order taxa meso‐ macrofauna spanning eight orders magnitude mass. Using individual masses, we calculated metabolism trophic guilds used web models calculate energy fluxes infer functions, such as decomposition, herbivory, primary intraguild predation. Land‐use change was associated with reduced abundance taxonomic diversity invertebrates, but strong increase total biomass moderate flux. These were due increased large‐sized decomposers soil, particular earthworms, their share community increasing 11% 59%–76% jungle rubber, Decomposition, that flux decomposers, stayed unchanged, predation decreased by an order plantation systems. Intraguild very important, being responsible for 38% according our model. Conversion monoculture plantations uneven loss classes levels invertebrates resulting sequestration consumers restricted higher levels. Pronounced differences between reflect sensitivity animal changes. Soil sustained high despite biodiversity. large low other suggests multifunctionality compromised

Language: Английский

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Towards a global synthesis of Collembola knowledge: challenges and potential solutions

HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 1, 2020

Collembola are among the most abundant and diverse soil microarthropods, which found in almost all (semi)terrestrial environments often serve as model organisms empirical studies. Diverse data collected on biology ecology of over last century waiting for synthesis studies, while developing technologies may facilitate generation new knowledge. research 2020 is entering stage global this opinion paper we address main challenges that community collembologists facing avenue. We first discuss present status social context taxonomy potential use novel to describe species. then focus aspects ecology, reviewing processes dispersal, environmental biotic filtering, from spatial scale microhabitat globe. also involvement ecosystem proxies, such functional traits, can be used predict roles Finally, provide recommendations how improve collection by using standard methods better handling practices. call (1) integrating morphological descriptions with high-resolution photographs genetic barcodes species user friendly software machine learning approaches deposition structured taxonomic knowledge web platforms; (2) multiscale studies biodiversity distribution processes, especially including dispersal mechanisms; (3) recording sharing functional, not only morphological, trait controlled experiments field surveys; (4) meta-analysis topics Collembola, conservation its diversity, feeding behaviour, protection mechanisms different species, effects land climate change collembolan communities; (5) joint efforts covering gaps knowledge, underexplored regions (predominantly tropics subtropics) methodologies; (6) integration open databases. believe could make ongoing changes society. To progress across these 2040, have established #GlobalCollembola, a distributed-effort community-driven initiative aims abundance, traits literature coordinate key gaps.

Language: Английский

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Size compartmentalization of energy channeling in terrestrial belowground food webs

Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 102(8)

Published: June 4, 2021

Abstract Size‐structured food webs form integrated trophic systems where energy is channeled from small to large consumers. Empirical evidence suggests that size structure prevails in aquatic ecosystems, whereas terrestrial position largely independent of body size. Compartmentalization channeling according classes consumers was suggested as a mechanism underpins functioning and stability including those belowground, but their has not been empirically assessed across the whole spectrum. Here we used stable isotope analysis metabolic regressions describe use eight belowground communities with spanning 12 orders magnitude living mass, protists earthworms. We showed negative correlation between mass invertebrate remarkable nonlinearity community metabolism positions all classes. Specifically, found level positive small‐sized (protists, nematodes, arthropods below 1 μg mass), neutral medium‐sized (arthropods mg), large‐sized (large arthropods, earthworms), suggesting these groups compartments different organization. Based on this pattern, propose concept being composed (1) size‐structured micro‐food web driving fast nutrient release, for example microbial loop; (2) arthropod macro‐food no clear level, hosting soil diversity subsidizing aboveground predators; (3) “trophic whales,” sequestering bodies restricting its propagation higher levels webs. The three are based similar set basal resources, contribute ecosystem‐level functions respond differently variations climate, characteristics land use. suggest widely vision resource‐based can be complemented size‐based channeling, ecosystem multifunctionality, biodiversity, supported by balance individual compartments.

Language: Английский

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Biotic responses to climate extremes in terrestrial ecosystems

iScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 104559 - 104559

Published: June 9, 2022

Anthropogenic climate change is increasing the incidence of extremes. Consequences extremes on biodiversity can be highly detrimental, yet few studies also suggest beneficial effects certain organisms. To obtain a general understanding ecological responses to extremes, we present review how 16 major taxonomic/functional groups (including microorganisms, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates) respond during extreme drought, precipitation, temperature. Most negatively events, whereas such as mosses, legumes, trees, vertebrate predators most We further highlight that recovery after challenging predict purely based or immediately By accounting for characteristics recovering species, resource availability, species interactions with neighboring competitors facilitators, mutualists, enemies, outline conceptual framework better in terrestrial ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Mechanical weeding enhances ecosystem multifunctionality and profit in industrial oil palm

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(6), P. 683 - 695

Published: March 2, 2023

Abstract Oil palm is the most productive oil crop, but its high productivity associated with conventional management (that is, fertilization rates and herbicide application), causing deleterious environmental impacts. Using a 2 factorial experiment, we assessed effects of vs reduced (equal to nutrients removed by fruit harvest) mechanical weeding on ecosystem functions, biodiversity profitability. Analysing across multiple exhibited higher multifunctionality than treatment, although this effect was concealed when evaluating only for individual functions. Biodiversity also enhanced, driven 33% more plant species under weeding. Compared management, increased profit 12% relative gross margin 11% due reductions in material costs, while attaining similar yields. Mechanical reduced, compensatory mature plantations tenable option enhancing increasing profit, providing win–win situations.

Language: Английский

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Stable isotope ecology in insects: a review

Ecological Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 1231 - 1246

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

1. The use of stable isotope analysis (SIA) in ecological research has dramatically increased recent years largely because it allows researchers to investigate questions that have been previously difficult address. 2. Ecological applications SIA include estimating fundamental niche space and overlap, evaluating trophic or species level interactions, investigating food web structure. Increasingly, incorporating studies animal migration, disease transmission, diet composition, nutrient assimilation, body condition among others. 3. Studies using evaluate the ecology terrestrial insects lagged behind other taxonomic groups. This poor representation publications likely stems from a lack familiarity entomologists with this technique. 4. An improved understanding SIA, as well advantages disadvantages specifically related insect research, will benefit field entomology. In addition, insect‐model systems provide unique opportunities for incorporate their advance our knowledge biology insects. 5. We background information on isotopes, explain sources isotopic variation, describe processes how isotopes are differentially routed incorporated into an individual's tissues, principles influence fractionation discrimination, highlight different methods advancements review innovative studies, overview common mistakes, considerations, future directions can explore.

Language: Английский

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Multidimensional trophic niche revealed by complementary approaches: Gut content, digestive enzymes, fatty acids and stable isotopes in Collembola

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 90(8), P. 1919 - 1933

Published: April 29, 2021

Trophic niche differentiation may explain coexistence and shape functional roles of species. In complex natural food webs, however, trophic parameters depicted by single isolated methods simplify the multidimensional nature consumer niches, which includes feeding processes such as choice, ingestion, digestion, assimilation retention. Here we explore correlation complementarity tackled four complementary methodological approaches, that is, visual gut content, digestive enzyme, fatty acid stable isotope analyses-each assessing one or few processes, demonstrate power method combination. Focusing on soil ecosystems, where many omnivore species with cryptic habits coexist, chose Collembola an example. We compiled 15 key for 125 from 40 studies. assessed correlations among described variation these in different species, families across life-forms, represent microhabitat specialisation. Correlation between was weak 45 out 64 pairwise comparisons, pointing at methods. Jointly, results indicated fungal- plant-feeding assimilate storage, rather than structural polysaccharides, suggested bacterial a potential alternative strategy. Gut content analyses alignment ingestion assimilation/retention Collembola. From parameters, six were related to family identity, suggesting not all dimensions are phylogenetically structured. Only three use various strategies when living same microenvironments. Consumers can meet their nutritional needs varying choices, digestion strategies, connection being dependent consumed resource adaptations. Multiple reveal dimensions, together drawing comprehensive picture niche. Future studies applying approach will allow us trace complexity partitioning omnivorous roles, especially environments soils, caves, deep ocean benthic ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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New perspectives on soil animal trophic ecology through the lens of C and N stable isotope ratios of oribatid mites

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 177, P. 108890 - 108890

Published: Nov. 25, 2022

Language: Английский

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Tropical land use alters functional diversity of soil food webs and leads to monopolization of the detrital energy channel

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 30, 2022

Agricultural expansion is among the main threats to biodiversity and functions of tropical ecosystems. It has been shown that conversion rainforest into plantations erodes biodiversity, but further consequences for food-web structure energetics belowground communities remains little explored. We used a unique combination stable isotope analysis analyze in comprehensive way oil palm rubber on channeling energy through soil animal food webs Sumatra, Indonesia. Across groups studied, most taxa had lower litter-calibrated Δ 13 C values than rainforests, suggesting they switched freshly-fixed plant carbon ('fast' channeling) from detrital pathway ('slow' rainforests. These shifts led changes isotopic divergence, dispersion, evenness, uniqueness. However, earthworms as major detritivores stayed unchanged their trophic niche monopolized plantations, resulting similar energetic metrics across land-use systems. Functional diversity were associated with reduced amount litter, tree density, species richness providing guidelines how improve complexity webs. Our results highlight strong restructuring threatening functioning ecosystem stability long term.

Language: Английский

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A common framework for developing robust soil fauna classifications

Geoderma, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 426, P. 116073 - 116073

Published: Aug. 9, 2022

Language: Английский

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