Soil and Human Health: Current Status and Future Needs

Air Soil and Water Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Soil influences human health in a variety of ways, with being linked to the soil. Historically, emphasis has been placed on negative impacts that soils have health, including exposures toxins and pathogenic organisms or problems created by growing crops nutrient-deficient soils. However, there are number positive ways enhance from food production nutrient supply medications enhancement immune system. It is increasingly recognized soil an ecosystem myriad interconnected parts, each influencing other, when all necessary parts present functioning (ie, healthy), also benefits. Despite advances made, still many areas need additional investigation. We do not good understanding how chemical mixtures environment influence rule, exception. sparse information most chemicals react within chemically biologically active ecosystem, what those reactions mean for health. There better integrate ecology agronomic crop food/nutrition science, genetics bacterial fungal sequencing capabilities, metagenomics, subsequent analysis interpretation. While considerable work focused microbiology, macroorganisms received much less attention regarding links attention. Finally, pressing effectively communicate connections our broader society, as people cannot act they have. Multidisciplinary teams researchers, scientists, social others, will be essential move these issues forward.

Language: Английский

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Microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems: Un-ignorable impacts on soil characterises, nutrient storage and its cycling

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 116869 - 116869

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Contrasting responses of above- and belowground diversity to multiple components of land-use intensity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 24, 2021

Abstract Land-use intensification is a major driver of biodiversity loss. However, understanding how different components land use drive loss requires the investigation multiple trophic levels across spatial scales. Using data from 150 agricultural grasslands in central Europe, we assess influence local- and landscape-level on more than 4,000 above- belowground taxa, spanning 20 groups. Plot-level land-use intensity strongly negatively associated with aboveground groups, but positively or not Meanwhile, both groups respond to use, drivers: diversity promoted by diverse surrounding land-cover, while related high permanent forest cover landscape. These results highlight role shaping communities, suggest that revised agroecosystem management strategies are needed conserve whole-ecosystem biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Multifunctionality of belowground food webs: resource, size and spatial energy channels

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 97(4), P. 1691 - 1711

Published: April 7, 2022

ABSTRACT The belowground compartment of terrestrial ecosystems drives nutrient cycling, the decomposition and stabilisation organic matter, supports aboveground life. Belowground consumers create complex food webs that regulate functioning, ensure stability support biodiversity both below above ground. However, existing soil food‐web reconstructions do not match recently accumulated empirical evidence there is no comprehensive reproducible approach accounts for resource, size spatial structure in soil. Here I build on generic organisation principles use multifunctional classification protists, invertebrates vertebrates, to reconstruct a ‘multichannel’ web across classes soil‐associated consumers. infer weighted trophic interactions among guilds using feeding preferences prey protection traits (evolutionarily inherited traits), distributions (niche overlaps), biomass‐dependent feeding. then reconstruction, together with assimilation efficiencies, calculate energy fluxes assuming steady‐state energetic system. Based fluxes, propose number indicators, related stability, multiple ecosystem‐level functions such as herbivory, top‐down control, translocation transformation matter. illustrate this an example, comparing it traditional resource‐focused reconstruction. multichannel reconstruction can be used assess ‘trophic multifunctionality’ (analogous ecosystem multifunctionality), i.e. simultaneous by web, compare communities spanning beyond With further validation proposed functional could provide effective tool understanding animal diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships This hopefully will inspire more researchers describe belowground–aboveground comprehensively. Such studies informative indicators including active agents biogeochemical models, only locally but also regional global scales.

Language: Английский

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Pesticide effects on soil fauna communities—A meta‐analysis

Journal of Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 60(7), P. 1239 - 1253

Published: June 7, 2023

Abstract Soil invertebrate communities represent a significant fraction of global biodiversity and play crucial roles in ecosystems. A number human activities threaten soil communities, particular intensive agricultural practices such as pesticide use. However, there is currently no quantitative synthesis the impacts pesticides on fauna communities. Here, using meta‐analysis 54 studies 294 observations, we quantify effects abundance, biomass, richness diversity natural across wide range environmental contexts. We also identify scenarios with most detrimental by analysing different (herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, broad‐spectrum substances multiple substances), application rates temporal extents (short‐ or long‐term), well response functional groups animals (body size categories, presence exoskeleton). Pesticides overall decreased abundance (Grand mean effect (Hedge's g ) = −0.30 +/− 0.16) had stronger than abundance. The involved substances, which significantly even at recommended rates. found evidence that dampen over time, short‐term long‐term exhibited similar sizes. Policy implications : Our study highlights use has non‐target biodiversity, eroding substantial part threatening ecosystem health. This provides supporting recent policies, European Green Deal, aim to reduce agriculture conserve biodiversity. revealed here are particularly concerning because realistic often combines several targeting pests diseases crop season. suggest future guidelines for registration, restrictions banning should rely data able fully capture consequences species conditions.

Language: Английский

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Microplastics in terrestrial ecosystem: Exploring the menace to the soil-plant-microbe interactions

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 174, P. 117667 - 117667

Published: March 25, 2024

Microplastics (MPs), miniscule plastic particles measuring less than 5 mm in size, have become a concern terrestrial ecosystems, with primarily agricultural and wetland soils being the highest loadings. The adverse effect of MPs might lead to changes physicochemical biological characteristics soil including properties, microbial communities, plants, as well potential or affirmed correlations among them. Therefore, understanding risks effects MPs, particularly within soil-plant-microbe context is challenging subject substantial scientific inquiry. This comprehensive review focused on rhizosphere plant-microbe symbiotic relationships, implications for plant growth ecosystem-level nutrient fluxes. alter community composition, enzymatic activities rhizosphere, influencing availability uptake by plants. These can disrupt interactions, such mycorrhizal associations nitrogen-fixing symbioses, ultimately impacting cycling nutrients ecosystems. Furthermore, we elaborate relationships carrying Future research directions solutions microplastics menace acknowledging combined other contaminants, advanced technologies identification quantification, engineering remediation. knowledge MPs-induced impacts interactions essential generate mitigating actions environmental management conservation.

Language: Английский

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Can large herbivores enhance ecosystem carbon persistence?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 37(2), P. 117 - 128

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

Language: Английский

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The limited spatial scale of dispersal in soil arthropods revealed with whole‐community haplotype‐level metabarcoding

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 48 - 61

Published: Aug. 9, 2020

Soil arthropod communities are highly diverse and critical for ecosystem functioning. However, our knowledge of spatial structure the underlying processes community assembly scarce, hampered by limited empirical data on species diversity turnover. We implement a high-throughput sequencing approach to generate comparative thousands arthropods at three hierarchical levels: genetic, supra-specific lineages. A joint analysis arrangement across these levels can reveal predominant driving variation in biological assemblages local scale. This multihierarchical was performed using haplotype-level COI metabarcoding entire mites, springtails beetles from Iberian mountain regions. Tens specimens were extracted deep superficial soil layers produced phylogeographic >1,000 codistributed nearly 3,000 haplotypes. Local assemblage composition differed greatly between grasslands forests and, within each habitat, showed strong high endemicity. Distance decay all levels, even scale few kilometres or less. The distance patterns self-similar haplotypes higher entities, this fractal similar regions, suggesting that uniform dispersal determine local-scale assembly. Our results whole-community provide insight into how limitations constrain mesofauna settings over evolutionary timescales. If generalized wider areas, turnover endemicity locally may indicate extremely richness globally, challenging current estimations total Earth.

Language: Английский

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Living Litter: Dynamic Trait Spectra Predict Fauna Composition

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(10), P. 886 - 896

Published: June 7, 2020

Language: Английский

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Plant and soil biodiversity have non‐substitutable stabilising effects on biomass production

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 1582 - 1593

Published: May 29, 2021

Abstract The stability of plant biomass production in the face environmental change is fundamental for maintaining terrestrial ecosystem functioning, as ultimate source energy nearly all life forms. However, most studies have focused on stabilising effect diversity, neglecting soil biodiversity, largest reservoir biodiversity Earth. Here we investigated effects and temporal under varying simulated precipitation grassland microcosms. Soil loss reduced by suppressing asynchronous responses functional groups. Greater especially terms promoted stability, but this was independent loss. Moreover, multitrophic combined, positively associated with stability. Our study highlights importance both sustainable production.

Language: Английский

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