A skewed literature: Few studies evaluate the contribution of predation‐risk effects to natural field patterns

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 2048 - 2061

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

A narrative in ecology is that prey modify traits to reduce predation risk, and the trait modification has costs large enough cause ensuing demographic, trophic ecosystem consequences, with implications for conservation, management agriculture. But a long history of emphasising quantifying importance an ecological process ultimately requires evidence linking unmanipulated field patterns. We suspected such process-linked-to-pattern (PLP) studies were poorly represented risk literature, which conflicts confidence often given effects. reviewed 29 years literature revealed there are well over 4000 articles on Of those, 349 examined effects fitness measures or abundance (i.e., non-consumptive effects) only 26 PLP studies, while 275 other interacting species trait-mediated indirect 35 studies. narrowly focused taxonomically included three patterns abundance. Before concluding widespread influential role predation-risk effects, more attention must be observed across diverse ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Sick without signs. Subclinical infections reduce local movements, alter habitat selection, and cause demographic shifts

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

In wildlife populations, parasites often go unnoticed, as infected animals appear asymptomatic. However, these infections can subtly alter behaviour. Field evidence of how subclinical induce changes in movement behaviour is scarce free-ranging animals, yet it may be crucial for zoonotic disease surveillance. We used an ultra-high-resolution tracking system (ATLAS) to monitor the movements 60 swallows every 8 seconds across four breeding seasons, resulting over 1 million localizations. About 40% were naturally with haemosporidian parasites. Here, we show that individuals had reduced foraging ranges, foraged lower quality habitats, and faced a lowered survival probability, average reduction 7.4%, albeit some variation between species years. This study highlights impact on survival, emphasizing importance considering infection status ecology. Our findings provide insights into individual variations previously unobservable local parasite transmission dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Effect of resistant compartment on pathogen strategy in partially migratory populations

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. e0316640 - e0316640

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Migration, the recurring movement of animals between habitats, can exert pressures on pathogens they host. Properties host populations determine pathogen strategy (e.g. virulence) to increase fitness. To study effect adding a resistant compartment virulence evolution, we developed an SIRS model and examined winning across different rates recovery immunity loss. We find that when hosts spend relatively long time in compartment, more virulent evolves. These results have implications conservation migratory animal afflicted by disease.

Language: Английский

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Pathogen-induced alterations in fine-scale movement behaviour predict impaired reproductive success

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2044)

Published: April 1, 2025

Pathogens play an important role in ecosystems and may impair fitness-enhancing activities such as foraging. However, the sublethal effects of pathogens on host movement behaviour their subsequent impacts reproductive success are poorly understood. In this study, we used high-resolution tracking to examine movements free-ranging European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ) associated with avian blood parasite infections. We found that naturally infected individuals displayed reduced foraging behaviour, remained closer breeding location, selected lower-quality habitats. These patterns were poorer body condition adults less favourable development for offspring. behavioural changes suggest physiological limitations imposed by infection, reducing parental care output. Our results provide compelling evidence pathogen-induced fine-scale linked impaired success, further emphasizing need a ecology perspective local host–pathogen dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Temporal patterns, behavioral drivers, and physiological correlates of West Nile virus exposure in American robins (Turdus migratorius)

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 5, 2025

Language: Английский

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A unified evolutionary framework for understanding parasite infection and host migratory behaviour

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(11), P. 1987 - 2002

Published: Sept. 14, 2023

Abstract Animal migration impacts organismal health and parasite transmission: migrants are simultaneously exposed to parasites able reduce infection for both individuals populations. However, these dynamics difficult study; empirical studies reveal disparate results while existing theory makes assumptions that simplify natural complexity. Here, we systematically review of across taxa, highlighting key gaps in our understanding. Next, develop a unified evolutionary framework incorporating different selective pressures parasite–migration interactions accounting ecological complexity goes beyond previous theory. Our generates diverse migration–infection patterns paralleling those seen systems, including partial differential migration. Finally, generate predictions about which mechanisms dominate systems guide future studies. provides an overarching understanding shaping the context animal disease, is critical predicting how environmental change may threaten

Language: Английский

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Elucidating nematode diversity and prevalence in moose across a wide latitudinal gradient using DNA metabarcoding

International Journal for Parasitology Parasites and Wildlife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 100962 - 100962

Published: July 5, 2024

Parasitic nematodes are ubiquitous and can negatively impact their host by reducing fecundity or increasing mortality, yet the driver of variation in parasite community across a wildlife host's geographic distribution remains elusive for most species. Based on an extensive collection fecal samples (n = 264) from GPS marked moose (Alces alces), we used DNA metabarcoding to characterize individual (sex, age class) seasonal parasitic nematode relation habitat use migration behavior five populations distributed wide latitudinal gradient (59.6°N 70.5°N) Norway. We detected 21 distinct taxa with six common being Ostertagia spp., Nematodirella Trichostongylus T. axei, Elaphostrongylus alces, unclassified Strongylida. There was higher prevalence livestock parasites areas larger sheep indicating risk spillover events. The level richness mostly consistent study areas, while number type at each area varied considerably but did not follow gradient. While distance affected beta-diversity all sites, it had positive effect only two suggesting population specific effects. Unexpectedly, winter than summer when very few were detected. Here provide first description range. Overall, population-specific parasitism range sympatry other ruminants suggest local characteristics affect host-parasite relationships.

Language: Английский

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Does malaria infection increase the risk of predation-related mortality during bird migration?

iScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(12), P. 111358 - 111358

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Diel fish migration facilitates functional connectivity of coral reef and seagrass habitats via transport of ectoparasites

Marine Ecology Progress Series, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 731, P. 249 - 265

Published: June 26, 2023

Connectivity between habitats and ecological communities is a critical component of trophic structure. Coral reef systems include reef, seagrass, mangrove habitats, the movement fishes key habitat connectivity among them. Fishes that undergo diel migrations are best-studied functional groups. Studies on their role in energetic adjacent have not considered possible contribution parasites. Some diel-migratory species both highly susceptible to disproportionately exploited by gnathiid isopods, temporary, tick-like parasites marine fishes. By leaving at night, reduce overall exposure gnathiids, which more active night abundant habitat. Here we show for sites Caribbean Great Barrier Reef, gnathiids attached time they depart Because associate temporarily with host fishes, can be acquired hosts one become dislodged deposited another. Field experiments from dislodge seagrass habitat, where likely remain until next feeding. Sequencing blood meals free-living beds, least abundant, shows other transient most frequently hosts, confirming deposition facilitated mainly migratory hosts. These findings important implications trophic, population-genetic, disease involving isopods potentially external

Language: Английский

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Editorial: Ecophysiological adaptations associated with animal migration

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

EDITORIAL article Front. Ecol. Evol., 07 September 2022Sec. Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology Volume 10 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.1022173

Language: Английский

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