Contributions of Emotion Regulation and Brain Structure and Function to Adolescent Internalizing Problems and Stress Vulnerability During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study

Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 1(4), P. 272 - 282

Published: June 12, 2021

Adolescence is a period of increased vulnerability for internalizing problems, particularly following stressful life events. We examined how emotion regulation and brain structure function were associated with problems during the COVID-19 pandemic moderated association between pandemic-related stressors problems.Data are from longitudinal sample (N = 145, age range, 10-15 years) strategically assessed at 3 crucial time points: before pandemic, early stay-at-home order period, again 6 months later. associations amygdala hippocampal volume activation an emotional processing task use strategies problems.Greater exposure to was higher both later in pandemic. Youths who reported more frequent rumination expressive suppression lower cognitive reappraisal had Higher left neutral relative fearful faces greater stronger link pandemic.Stressors related strongly adolescent as individual differences reactivity their underlying neural mechanisms. Interventions that reduce foster adaptive skills may protect against psychopathology this heightened stress.

Language: Английский

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Corporal punishment and early childhood development in 49 low- and middle-income countries

Child Abuse & Neglect, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 120, P. 105205 - 105205

Published: July 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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Parents, neighborhoods, and the developing brain

Child Development Perspectives, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 148 - 156

Published: April 20, 2022

Abstract Although a growing literature has linked extreme psychosocial adversity in early development to brain structure and function, recent studies highlight that differences socioeconomic resources may also affect development. In this article, we describe research linking variation neighborhood context parenting practices, two contexts shaped by resources, neural function structure, particularly the corticolimbic circuit supports socioemotional processing. Key considerations include nested nature of contexts, developmental timing exposures, role resilience. While area help inform policy, scientists policymakers must be cautious their interpretation disadvantage‐to‐brain avoid deficit‐centered approach. Ultimately, emerging highlights common normative experiences home is which provide proximal mechanisms understand how why are related

Language: Английский

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Spanking and Corporal Punishment Parenting Practices and Child Development: A Systematic Review

Trauma Violence & Abuse, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 24(5), P. 3094 - 3111

Published: Sept. 30, 2022

Violence against children is a significant problem, particularly during early childhood development. Spanking and other forms of corporal punishment in child-rearing have been used by families worldwide to correct children’s unwanted behaviors. Despite previous studies focusing on the negative consequences these parental practices, open questions remain. The present study aimed systematically review empirical published scientific literature that examined associations between parenting practices spanking mothers their behaviors development childhood. Search was performed PubMed, APA PsycNet, Web Science, SciELO, LILACS databases using combination following keywords: ((spank OR physical abuse maltreatment punishment) AND (parenting)) (child* child* behavior). inclusion exclusion criteria were applied 34 articles selected for review. following: evaluated maternal or 0-to-6-year-old children; quantitative studies; English, Spanish, Portuguese language. results showed 94% studies, there with deteriorated child behavior development, concurrently later. In addition, also acted as mediators moderator variables models explained behavioral developmental problems

Language: Английский

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Corporal punishment of children in Australia: The evidence-based case for legislative reform

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 47(3), P. 100044 - 100044

Published: May 2, 2023

Across all of Australia's states and territories, it is legal for a parent or carer to hit their child. In this paper, we outline the context corporal punishment in Australia argument its reform.We review laws that allow punishment, international agreements on children's rights, evidence effects outcomes legislative reform countries have changed prohibit punishment.Legislative typically precedes attitude changes reductions use punishment. Countries with most ideal instigated public health campaigns educating population about law while also providing access alternative non-violent discipline strategies.Extensive exists demonstrating adverse When change legislation, educate these effects, provide strategies parents, rates decrease.We recommend campaign increase awareness provision parents evidence-based assist parenting, national parenting survey monitor outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Childhood Abuse Versus Neglect Associated with Differential Patterns of Infant Brain Development

Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 51(12), P. 1919 - 1932

Published: May 9, 2023

Severity of maternal childhood maltreatment has been associated with lower infant grey matter volume and amygdala during the first two years life. A developing literature argues that effects threat (abuse) deprivation (neglect) should be assessed separately because these distinct aspects adversity may have different impacts on developmental outcomes. However, versus not in relation to intergenerational child maltreatment. The objective this study was assess links abuse neglect (GMV), white (WMV), hippocampal volume. Participants included 57 mother-infant dyads. Mothers were for using Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) questionnaire a sample enriched Between 4 24 months (M age = 12.28 months, SD 5.99), under natural sleep, infants completed an MRI 3.0 T Siemens scanner. GMV, WMV, volumes extracted via automated segmentation. Maternal history neglect, but abuse, GMV. interacted such smaller at older ages. Results are consistent framework, which limbic regions central stress response, whereas areas more cognitive function. Further studies needed identify mechanisms contributing differential associations deprivation.

Language: Английский

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Posttraumatic Stress and Mentalization in Accounting for Veteran Parents' Use of Corporal Punishment: Parental Over‐Certainty Matters for Multiracial Children

Child & Family Social Work, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

ABSTRACT Posttraumatic stress symptoms have been closely linked with the use of harsh parenting practices in veteran families. This study was aimed at assessing potential added importance parent mentalization predicting corporal punishment among US veterans. A hypothesized hierarchical regression model which dimensions (i.e., prementalizing, over‐certainty, and interest curiosity) were examined as predictors analysed monoracial ( n = 318) multiracial 182) For parents both families, emerged a significant predictor punishment, even after accounting for posttraumatic stress. While prementalizing dimension associated greater over‐certainty exclusively The present findings clarify that confer risk above beyond predictive role Implications social workers working families are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Evaluating the impact of No Hit Zone trainings in preschool-age childcare facilities for child maltreatment prevention: A quasi-experimental pilot study

Child Abuse & Neglect, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 107432 - 107432

Published: April 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Childhood Experiences of Corporal Punishment and Associated Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization in Adulthood: Results from a Longitudinal Twin Study

Journal of Family Violence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 3, 2025

Abstract Purpose Corporal punishment has been widely accepted to have adverse effects on children in childhood, however, less is known about its distal effects. The current study uses data from a longitudinal Australian twin estimate the association between experiencing corporal childhood and involvement adult physical intimate partner violence (PIPV) as victim or perpetrator. Methods sample (N = 1532) consisted of 644 pairs 244 singletons. experiences were categorised two ways: no any punishment; categorized being by hand, with an object, both hand neither. We used mixed-effect Poisson regression robust standard errors relative risk ratios quantify punishment, PIPV victimisation perpetration, while controlling for sexual abuse, witnessing domestic violence. Results Respondents who experienced their father 38 40% more likely become PIPV; 37 41% perpetrator PIPV. There was evidence mothers perpetration. An analysis perpetration among monozygotic twins different inconclusive. Conclusion Experiencing particularly father, factor adulthood, Understanding this link may help inform primary prevention strategies.

Language: Английский

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Invisible vs Ordinary Child-Based Violence: To What Extent Should the Corporal Punishment Be Evaluated?

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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