Autophagy Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1)
Published: March 10, 2025
Brain and nervous system functions depend upon maintaining the integrity of synaptic structures over lifetime. Autophagy, a key homeostatic quality control system, plays central role not only in neuronal development survival/cell death, but also regulating activity plasticity. Glutamate is major excitatory neurotransmitter that activates downstream targets, with learning memory. However, an excess glutamatergic stimulation pathological stroke, epilepsy neurodegeneration, triggering excitotoxic cell death or sublethal process mitochondrial calcium toxicity (EMT) triggers dendritic retraction. Markers autophagy mitophagy are often elevated following injuries, potential to influence neurodegenerative outcomes these injuries. Interestingly, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) PTEN-induced 1 (PINK1), two kinases linked autophagy, Parkinson disease, play important roles handling, density function, maturation spines. Mutations LRRK2, PINK1, proteins Alzheimer's disease perturb handling sensitize neurons injury. While can both protective harmful roles, studies various excitotoxicity stroke models implicate pathogenic role. Understanding autophagic degradation loss injuries has therapeutic implications for acute chronic neurological disorders.
Language: Английский