The Role of Genetic, Environmental, and Dietary Factors in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1222 - 1222

Published: Jan. 30, 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common and severe forms dementia neurodegenerative disease. As life expectancy increases in line with developments medicine, elderly population projected to increase next few decades; therefore, an prevalence some diseases, such as AD, also expected. a result, until radical treatment becomes available, AD expected be more frequently recorded top causes death worldwide. Given current lack cure for only treatments available being ones that alleviate major symptoms, identification contributing factors influence incidence crucial. In this context, genetic and/or epigenetic factors, mainly environmental, disease-related, dietary, or combinations/interactions these are assessed. review, we conducted literature search focusing on environmental air pollution, toxic elements, pesticides, infectious agents, well dietary including various diets, vitamin D deficiency, social (e.g., tobacco alcohol use), variables affected by both behavior gut microbiota. We evaluated studies beneficial effects antibiotics Mediterranean-DASH Intervention Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) Mediterranean diets.

Language: Английский

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The role of the gut microbiome in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology

Current Opinion in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Purpose of review The present aims to provide an overview the existing understanding role gut microbiome in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Recent findings research has highlighted significant pathogenesis via gut-brain axis. However, precise mechanisms by which and its microbial metabolites influence brain function are not clearly understood. Various factors, such as diet, drugs, lifestyle, stress, infections can provoke imbalance homeostasis, known dysbiosis. This dysbiosis impacts intestinal blood-brain barrier permeability, elevating pro-inflammatory cytokines contributing neurodegeneration. Moreover, generates neurotransmitters, amyloids, neurotoxins, metabolites, may play a systemic inflammation disruption physiological barriers. Summary In past decade, advancements analysis technologies bioinformatics have significantly enhanced our disease. plays pivotal regulatory progression disease, closely interacts with pathogenesis, encompassing inflammation, amyloidosis, neurodegeneration, tauopathy, co-pathologies.

Language: Английский

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Curli protein: A potential contributor to α-synucleopathy in Parkinson's disease

Translational Medicine of Aging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 41 - 48

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Association between cognitive functioning and microbiota-gut-brain axis mediators in a memory clinic population

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19

Published: March 12, 2025

Introduction A growing body of evidence recognises the role signaling molecule microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in cognitive impairment (CI), but data on link with alterations specific domains are limited. We compared functioning several (i.e., memory, visuo-constructional, executive, and language) among cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects, patients CI due to Alzheimer’s disease (CI-AD) not AD (CI-NAD). Then, we investigated association these gut microbiota (GM), MGBA mediators, neurodegeneration-related markers. Materials methods The study included 34 CI-AD, 38 CI-NAD, 13 CU. Memory, language were assessed using composite measures. Faecal GM composition was inferred 16S rRNA gene sequencing. mediators blood quantification bacterial products (lipolysaccharide, LPS), cell adhesion molecules indicative endothelial damage, vascular changes or overexpressed response infections, pro- anti-inflammatory cytokines. Neurodegeneration-related markers plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary protein (GFAP). Results CI-NAD CI-AD groups had significantly lower scores than CU group for all ( p < 0.043). Associations modulators pro-inflammatory cytokines, dysfunction infection both (| ρ | > 0.33, s 0.042). In pooled group, specifically associated higher abundance Dialister Clostridia_UCG-014 , levels LPS neurodegeneration (|ρ| 0.32, 0.048 all). performance Acetonema Bifidobacterium [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group Collinsella 0.30, 0.049). Discussion These results support hypothesis that dysbiosis may have distinct effects different mechanisms action depending disease.

Language: Английский

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Disorders of gut microbiota and fecal–serum metabolic patterns are associated with pulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 14, 2025

ABSTRACT Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prevalent chronic diseases with substantial implications for human health. DM patients more susceptible to PTB, which exacerbates diabetes-related complications. However, the complex molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced susceptibility of PTB infection remain poorly understood. In this study, α- β-diversity gut microbiota was significantly reduced in PTB–DM patients. The abundances families Lachnospiraceae Ruminococcaceae Firmicutes phylum were further diminished On other hand, untargeted metabolomics frozen serum stool samples indicated that phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan biosynthesis, metabolites arginine, proline, tryptophan, histidine consistently altered patients, significant upregulation most metabolites. Amino acids like serine, both remarkably elevated correlation network analysis reveals relationships between shared microbial biomarkers metabolic pathways. This research contributes exploration pivotal diagnostic accompanied by diabetes. Specifically, reductions identified genera g-Roseburia , g-Ruminococcaceae_UCG.013 g-Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214 g-Lachnospiraceae _ unclassified g-Firmicutes addition notable regulation amino acids, glycine, PTB–DM. Our study expands comprehension intricate connections linking microbiota, fecal metabolites, IMPORTANCE understanding links PTB-DM through multi-omics techniques. It is helpful us understand mechanism increased diabetic

Language: Английский

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Role of Antioxidants in Modulating the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3658 - 3658

Published: April 12, 2025

This narrative review presents the role of antioxidants in regulating gut microbiota and impact on gut–brain axis, with a particular focus neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s (AD) Parkinson’s disease (PD). These diseases are characterised by cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, neuroinflammation, all which significantly exacerbated oxidative stress. elucidates contribution damage to progression explores potential mitigate these pathological processes through modulation associated pathways. Based recent studies retrieved from reputable databases, including PubMed, Web Science, Scopus, this article outlines mechanisms influence health exert neuroprotective effects. Specifically, it discusses how antioxidants, polyphenols, vitamins, flavonoids, contribute reduction reactive oxygen species (ROS) production thereby promoting neuronal survival minimising brain. In addition, modulating key molecular pathways involved stress NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK, PI3K/AKT pathways, regulate ROS generation, inflammatory cytokine expression, antioxidant responses essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis both central nervous system. complex relationship between gut-derived metabolites, stress, highlighting dysbiosis—an imbalance microbiota—can exacerbate accelerating AD PD. The also examines short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced beneficial bacteria attenuate neuroinflammation damage. Furthermore, therapeutic microbiota-targeted interventions, delivery probiotics prebiotics, innovative strategies restore microbial support brain health. By synthesising current knowledge interplay underlying neurodegeneration, highlights promise antioxidant-based interventions mitigating progression. It need further research into antioxidant-rich dietary microbiota-focused therapies promising avenues prevention treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

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Could a Mediterranean Diet Modulate Alzheimer’s Disease Progression? The Role of Gut Microbiota and Metabolite Signatures in Neurodegeneration

Foods, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 1559 - 1559

Published: April 29, 2025

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, represent a growing global health crisis, yet current treatment strategies remain primarily palliative. Recent studies have shown that neurodegeneration through complex interactions within gut–brain axis largely depends on gut microbiota and its metabolites. This review explores intricate molecular mechanisms linking dysbiosis to cognitive decline, emphasizing impact microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids, tryptophan neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity, amyloid-β tau pathology. The paper highlights major microbiome signatures associated with disease, detailing their metabolic pathways inflammatory crosstalk. Dietary interventions promise in modulating composition, potentially mitigating neurodegenerative processes. critically examines influence dietary patterns, Mediterranean Western diets, microbiota-mediated neuroprotection. Bioactive compounds like prebiotics, omega-3 polyphenols exhibit neuroprotective effects by reducing neuroinflammation. Furthermore, it discusses emerging microbiome-based therapeutic strategies, probiotics, postbiotics, fecal transplantation (FMT), potential for slowing progression. Despite these advances, several knowledge gaps remain, interindividual variability responses need large-scale, longitudinal studies. study proposes an integrative, precision medicine approach, incorporating science into paradigms. Ultimately, cognizance at mechanistic level could unlock novel avenues, offering non-invasive, diet-based strategy managing improving health.

Language: Английский

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The Complex Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 102637 - 102637

Published: Dec. 1, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Despite extensive research conducted on this disorder, its precise pathogenesis remains unclear. In recent years, microbiota-gut-brain axis has attracted considerable attention within field AD. The gut microbiota communicates bidirectionally with system through gut-brain axis, and alterations in structure function can influence progression Consequently, regulating to mitigate AD emerged as novel therapeutic approach. Currently, numerous studies concentrate intrinsic relationship between paper, we summarize multifaceted role present detailed strategies targeting microbiota, including treatment Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which garnered increasing years. Finally, discuss potential for modulating alleviate AD, current challenges area research, provide an outlook future directions field.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Mast Cell Activation on Neurodegeneration: A Potential Role for Gut–Brain Axis and Helicobacter pylori Infection

Neurology International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 1750 - 1778

Published: Dec. 6, 2024

Background: The innate immune response aims to prevent pathogens from entering the organism and/or facilitate pathogen clearance. Innate cells, such as macrophages, mast cells (MCs), natural killer and neutrophils, bear pattern recognition receptors are thus able recognize common molecular patterns, pathogen-associated patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated (DAMPs), later occurring in context of neuroinflammation. An inflammatory component pathology otherwise “primary cerebrovascular neurodegenerative” disease has recently been recognized targeted a means therapeutic intervention. Activated MCs multifunctional effector generated hematopoietic stem that, together with dendritic represent first-line defense mechanisms against tissue destruction. Methods: This review summarize evidence MC implication pathogenesis neurodegenerative diseases, namely, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s multiple sclerosis. Results: In view recent that gut–brain axis may be implicated diseases characterization neuroinflammatory these this also focuses on potential mediators bi-directional communication possible role Helicobacter pylori, gastric known alter homeostasis towards local systemic pro-inflammatory responses. Conclusion: As pylori infection offer targets intervention implications for more clinical translational is needed elucidate field.

Language: Английский

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