Rewilding complex ecosystems

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 364(6438)

Published: April 25, 2019

The practice of rewilding has been both promoted and criticized in recent years. Benefits include flexibility to react environmental change the promotion opportunities for society reconnect with nature. Criticisms lack a clear conceptualization rewilding, insufficient knowledge about possible outcomes, perception that excludes people from landscapes. Here, we present framework addresses these concerns. We suggest efforts should target trophic complexity, natural disturbances, dispersal as interacting processes can improve ecosystem resilience maintain biodiversity. propose structured approach projects includes assessment contributions nature social-ecological constraints on restoration.

Language: Английский

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Trophic rewilding as a restoration approach under emerging novel biosphere conditions

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(9), P. R435 - R451

Published: May 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Bridging the gap between science, policy and stakeholders: Towards sustainable wolf–livestock coexistence in human‐dominated landscapes

People and Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Abstract While the return of wolves ( Canis lupus ) to many European countries is a conservation milestone, negative impacts are unevenly distributed across society, placing high pressure on livestock grazing systems. For this perspective, scientists from diverse disciplines and geographical backgrounds reflect state livestock–wolf interactions in Europe formulate recommendations for enabling wolf–livestock coexistence. We argue that co‐designing, co‐implementing co‐disseminating research with key stakeholders, such as farmers, productive approach developing implementing locally appropriate coexistence strategies. Decision‐making should be informed by scientific evidence. recommend ecological data collected shared borders. Evidence social sciences important understanding human dimension interactions. suggest bridging gaps within multidisciplinary strengthen interdisciplinary insights, comprehensively evaluate management approaches guide governance policy decisions properly account inherent complexities. Policy implications : As wolf populations their continue grow Europe, policymakers at all levels must make adequately safeguard while simultaneously protecting livelihoods. This requires access reliable

Language: Английский

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Human-carnivore relations: A systematic review

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 237, P. 480 - 492

Published: July 31, 2019

Language: Английский

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Integrating indigenous and local knowledge in management and research on coastal ecosystems in the Global South: A literature review

Ocean & Coastal Management, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 212, P. 105821 - 105821

Published: July 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Reconciling livestock production and wild herbivore conservation: challenges and opportunities

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(8), P. 750 - 761

Published: June 5, 2021

Conflicts between the interests of livestock production and those wild herbivore conservation are an increasing global challenge.Addressing these conflicts is hindered by a poor understanding key underlying social ecological drivers.In particular, there need to reconcile real perceived costs–benefits livestock–wild interactions. This includes better how interactions vary across migration ranges influenced trophic network structure.In many cases, perpetuated disconnect husbandry practices scientific research on sustainable management.Addressing will require development reliable protocols for impact assessment implementation participatory processes that bring together relevant stakeholders. Increasing food security preventing further loss biodiversity two humanity's most pressing challenges. Yet, efforts address challenges often lead situations conflict agricultural conservation. Here, we focus herbivores, which have received little attention in literature. We identify four socio-ecological such conflicts, illustrate using range case studies. argue addressing co-management approaches promote participation stakeholders monitoring, assessment, decision-making, active knowledge sharing. The intensification expansion activities feed ever-growing human population among greatest threats globally [1.Godfray H.C.J. et al.Food security: challenge feeding 9 billion people.Science. 2010; 327: 812-818Crossref PubMed Scopus (6037) Google Scholar,2.Ceballos G. al.Biological annihilation via ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled vertebrate losses declines.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2017; 114: e6089-e6096Crossref (940) Scholar]. With more than 10% currently facing insecurity [3.Food Agriculture Organization United Nations Sustainable Biodiversity, Biodiversity Agriculture. FAO, 2018Google Scholar] estimated 25% species threatened with as result anthropogenic drivers [4.Díaz al.Pervasive human-driven decline life Earth points transformative change.Science. 2019; 366eaax3100Crossref (460) Scholar], crop (hereafter, both referred 'agriculture') wildlife becoming widespread [5.Kehoe L. al.Global patterns land-use intensity diversity.Divers. Distrib. 2015; 21: 1308-1318Crossref (48) Scholar,6.Shackelford G.E. al.Conservation planning landscapes: hotspots agriculture nature.Divers. 357-367Crossref (49) Such pose major threat well-being health natural ecosystems, emphasising urgent develop implement strategies aimed at fostering coexistence Scholar,7.United Transforming Our World: 2030 Agenda Development. General Assembly 70 Session. UN, 2015Google Livestock accounts up 26% earth's terrestrial surface, representing almost 3.38 hectares under permanent meadows pastures worldwide [8.Foley J.A. al.Solutions cultivated planet.Nature. 2011; 478: 337-342Crossref (4101) Today, biomass (ca. 0.06 Gt C) 0.1 surpass land mammal 0.003 [9.Bar-On Y.M. al.The distribution Earth.Proc. 2018; 115: 6506-6511Crossref (784) demand meat dairy products has resulted ~150–450% rise numbers animals produced globally. While this increase been linked industrialisation production, extensive grazing systems still dominate landscape [10.Godde C.M. al.Grazing intensification: drivers, dynamics, trade-offs.Glob. Food Sec. 16: 93-105Crossref (40) systems, from ranching nomadic pastoralism, associated large, sometimes fenced, areas left graze native vegetation. Their recognised driver change, important implications wildlife, whose access spaces resources continues be impacted Scholar,4.Díaz An consequence space occupied increased level interaction wildlife. Although can beneficial conservation, they considered framed negative [11.Ranglack D.H. al.Competition range: science vs. perception bison–cattle western USA.J. Appl. Ecol. 52: 467-474Crossref (22) Scholar,12.Schieltz J.M. Rubenstein D.I. Evidence based review: positive versus effects What do really know?.Environ. Res. Lett. 2016; 11: 113003Crossref (68) reflected exponential number studies recent years [13.Nyhus P.J. Human–wildlife coexistence.Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 41: 143-171Crossref (203) Much work, however, focused predation carnivores (e.g., [14.Van Eeden L.M. al.Managing large livestock.Conserv. Biol. 32: 26-34Crossref (128) Scholar,15.Redpath S.M. al.Don't forget look down–collaborative predator conservation.Biol. 92: 2157-2163Crossref (80) Scholar]) or consumption herbivores [16.Gross E.M. al.Seasonality, type phenology influence damage Africa Asia.Biodivers. Conserv. 27: 2029-2050Crossref (15) In contrast, centred domestic largely overlooked [17.Torres D.F. al.Conflicts humans vertebrates: review.Trop. 1-15Crossref (23) despite their well-being. Wild potentially compete resources, vectors diseases, fall prey may turn attracted co-occurring [18.du Toit J.T. livestock–wildlife interface rangelands.in: Briske D.D. Rangeland Systems. Springer, 2017: 395-425Crossref different about extent populations should managed conserved [19.Riginos C. al.Lessons relationship Kenya Long-term Exclosure Experiment (KLEE).Pastoralism. 2012; 2: 10Crossref Scholar,20.Keesing F. al.Consequences integrating African savanna.Nat. Sustain. 1: 566-573Crossref These exacerbated considerable amounts uncertainty regarding ecological, social, economic aspects herbivore–livestock For example, forage remains matter debate [20.Keesing Scholar,21.Berger J. al.Globalization Cashmere market mammals Central Asia.Conserv. 2013; 679-689Crossref (93) persecution minimise competition widespread. Despite interests, domesticated continue on-going [22.Wrobel M.L. Redford K.H. Introduction: review rangeland issues uncertain future.in: du Rangelands: Conserving Wildlife Maintaining Semi-Arid Ecosystems. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010: 1-12Crossref (9) Scholar,23.du Coexisting cattle.Science. 333: 1710-1711Crossref (21) contrasting South America, Europe, Asia, highlight common themes. put forward concepts tie suggest holistic promoting coexistence. Resource disease transmission primary impacts each other [12.Schieltz management mitigating proponents [23.du Scholar,24.Ogutu J.O. al.Large responses water settlements savannas.Ecol. Monogr. 80: 241-266Crossref A difficulty obtaining estimates tangible intangible costs benefits [25.Linnell J.D.C. opportunities coexisting ungulates human-dominated landscapes Europe's Anthropocene.Biol. 2020; 244: 108500Crossref (41) including objective translation into measures societal gain producers, well potential (or benefits) protected (Box 1, Box 2). particularly characterised low intervention, vast dry landscapes, harsh climatic conditions [26.Alkemade R. al.Assessing ecosystems.Proc. 110: 20900-20905Crossref (148) where occurring extensively remain poorly understood [27.Niamir-Fuller M. al.Co-existence pastoralism rangelands: compatibility?.Pastoralism. 8Crossref hindering methods quantify 3).Box 1Guanaco sheep Chilean PatagoniaSheep (Ovis aries) farming livelihood Patagonia [83.Pedrana al.Environmental factors influencing guanaco abundance central Patagonia, Argentina.Wildl. 46: 1-11Crossref (7) historical peak 2.2 million heads 1950s [84.Iranzo E.C. al.Niche segregation Patagonia.PLoS One. 8e59326Crossref (27) steppe rangelands led (Lama guanicoe), largest area. After experiencing steady declines region during second half 20th century due poaching intense resource [85.Baldi al.High guanacos Patagonia.J. Wildl. Manag. 2004; 68: 924-938Crossref (120) Scholar,86.Moraga C.A. al.Effects Lama guanicoe density, movements habitat selection forest–grassland mosaic Tierra del Fuego, Chile.Oryx. 49: 30-41Crossref (16) recently shown signs recovery [87.Zubillaga al.Bayesian inference effect density dependence weather Chile.PLoS 2014; 9e115307Crossref (6) However, overgrazing combined overlap guanacos, rekindled stakeholder views effectiveness management. local producers concerned reduce availability consume crops grown [33.Hernández al.Rancher perspectives livestock-wildlife Southern Chile.Rangelands. 39: 56-63Crossref (10) Scholar,88.Iranzo al.¿Conflicto Real o Conflicto Percibido? Coexistencia Guanaco-Ganadería en el Entorno de un Espacio Natural Protegido. Jornadas Argentinas Mastozoología, 2017Google high diet similarity niche overlap, suggesting occur [30.Traba al.Realised changes assemblage presence livestock.Oikos. 126: 1400-1409Crossref (19) Scholar,84.Iranzo Scholar,89.Pontigo al.Midsummer Patagonian rangelands.Rangel. 73: 394-402Crossref (3) evidence indicating significant 2000, government authorised commercial harvest program sustainably regulate contribute new economy [90.Soto N. al.Conservación y manejo Magallanes, Chile: desde la recuperación poblacional revalorización mediante cosecha.GECS News. 7: 35-47Google lack consistent decision-making data made it difficult assess success plan, conflict-resolution addition, occurrence predators pumas (Puma concolor), locally seen because predate [91.Elbroch Wittmer H.U. puma specialization less abundant Mammal. 94: 259-268Crossref (55) Overall, study demonstrates value collecting levels interspecific interactions, undermines attempts implementing control programs improved (Figure 1).Box 2African buffalo northern BotswanaFoot-and-mouth (FMD) viral affects cloven-hoofed mammals, bovids. Across continent, FMD 1 5 USD, vaccination [92.Knight-Jones T.J.D. Rushton foot mouth disease–What they, big occur?.Prev. Vet. Med. 112: 161-173Crossref (394) (Syncerus caffer), listed Near Threatened IUCN Red List, main host virus [93.Brito B.P. al.Transmission foot-and-mouth SAT2 viruses wildlife–livestock transfrontier southern Africa.Front. Microbiol. 528Crossref (14) status prompted countries reliant national international markets. Botswana, involved establishment multiple cordon fences (so called 'buffalo fences') disease-free zones, costly subsidized industrialised beef [94.Kock al.Livestock caffer) interfaces Africa: ecology development.in: Melletti Burton Ecology, Evolution Behaviour Cattle Implication Conservation. Cambridge University Press, 2014: 431-445Crossref significantly reduced frequency outbreaks buffalo–cattle had migratory behaviour species, blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), red hartebeest (Alcelaphus caama), zebra (Equus quagga). Furthermore, failed concerns subsistence risk was found factor explaining attitudes perceptions 74% households surveyed Okavango delta [95.Mogomotsi P.K. al.Factors community conservation.Hum. Dimens. 25: its affect gaps remain, direction transmission, carrier concern elephant Loxodonta africana), contribution dynamics Scholar, 94.Kock 95.Mogomotsi uncertainties managing 3Wild cashmere goat MongoliaPastoralism dominant form Mongolia today, country being dependent [96.United Development Programme Human Report 2003 - Urban-Rural Disparities Mongolia. UNDP, 2003Google Mongolian also [e.g., gazelle (Procapra gutturosa), black tailed (Gazella subgutturosa), saiga antelope (Saiga tatarica mongolica)] several grey wolf (Canis lupus), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), snow leopards (Panthera uncia)] [97.Reading R.P. al.Conserving area pastoral uses.in: USDA Forest Service Proceedings. 2006: 1-17Google decades, cashmere-producing goats undergone fivefold herders responded strong demands fibre [21.Berger Coupled warming climate, overgrazed degraded able support Scholar,98.Hilker T. al.Satellite observed grasslands overgrazing.Glob. Chang. 20: 418-428Crossref (159) context, dietary presented [99.Wingard G.J. al.Argali habits Ikh Nart Nature Reserve, Mongolia.J. Arid 75: 138-145Crossref (31) carnivores, wolves leopards, hunted sporadic illustrates incentives markets transition traditional intensive forms thereby impacting ecosystems exacerbating herbivores. highlights vulnerability internationally decreasing 1). Sheep Foot-and-mouth im

Language: Английский

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A Decision Support Tool for Green Infrastructure Planning in the Face of Rapid Urbanization

Land, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 415 - 415

Published: Feb. 4, 2023

Multifunctional green infrastructure, a key component of compact sustainable cities, is challenged by the pressures associated with rapid urbanization. In this paper, we present method that uses remote sensing, GIS modeling and stakeholder engagement to produce decision support tool communicates availability need for infrastructure benefits. The case study presented City Tshwane, South Africa, Global city facing We found mapping benefits can provide simultaneous oversight on multiple objectives including climate change adaptation, biodiversity, equitable distribution urban space. low-scoring benefit areas occur in dense where small-scale nature-based solutions or rehabilitation activities are required. Moderate scores occurred parts vulnerable expansion densification activities, warranting careful planning provision, moderate-to-high-scoring be protected as conservation areas. results discussed terms role tools practice. Composite indexes important guidance decision-makers involved spatial upgrading activities.

Language: Английский

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Responses to trade-offs between expanding tree crops and provisioning services in a transitioning multifunctional landscape in Ghana’s Eastern Region

Landscape Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 40(3)

Published: Feb. 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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Environmental Health and Societal Wealth Predict Movement Patterns of an Urban Carnivore

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT How societal, ecological and infrastructural attributes interact to influence wildlife movement is uncertain. We explored whether neighbourhood socioeconomic status environmental quality were associated with coyote ( Canis latrans ) patterns in Los Angeles, California assessed the performance of integrated social–ecological models. found that coyotes living more anthropogenically burdened regions (i.e. higher pollution, denser development, etc.) had larger home ranges showed greater daily displacement mean step length than less regions. Coyotes experiencing differing levels anthropogenic burdens demonstrated divergent selection for vegetation, road densities other habitat conditions. Further, models included societal covariates performed better only features linear infrastructure. This study provides a unique lens examining drivers urban movement, which should be applicable planners conservationists when building equitable, healthy wildlife‐friendly cities.

Language: Английский

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Anthropocene refugia: integrating history and predictive modelling to assess the space available for biodiversity in a human-dominated world

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 374(1788), P. 20190219 - 20190219

Published: Nov. 4, 2019

During periods of strong environmental change, some areas may serve as refugia, where components biodiversity can find protection, persist and potentially expand from should conditions again become favourable. The refugia concept has previously been used in the context climatic to describe climatically stable which taxa survived past Quaternary glacial–interglacial oscillations, or they might future under anthropogenic climate change. However, with recognition that Earth entered Anthropocene, an era human activities are dominant driving force on ecosystems, it is critical also consider pressures environment factors limiting species distributions. Here, we present a novel concept, Anthropocene refer provide spatial temporal protection will remain suitable for given taxonomic unit long-term. It integrates deep-time perspective biogeography provides information natural rather than current-day relictual distribution species, modern threats. We define propose methodology effectively identify map realized potential current using examples two megafaunal proof concept. argue identifying improve conservation restoration by allowing better prediction key re-expansions today future. More generally, forms new conceptual framework assess manage impact past, patterns This article part discussion meeting issue ‘The foreign country: how much fossil record actually inform conservation?’

Language: Английский

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