Large carnivore expansion in Europe is associated with human population density and land cover changes

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(4), P. 602 - 617

Published: Jan. 18, 2021

Abstract Aim The recent recovery of large carnivores in Europe has been explained as resulting from a decrease human persecution driven by widespread rural land abandonment, paralleled forest cover increase and the consequent availability shelter prey. We investigated whether population density changes are related to relative probability occurrence three European carnivores: grey wolf ( Canis lupus ), Eurasian lynx Lynx ) brown bear Ursus arctos ). Location Europe, west 64° longitude. Methods fitted multi‐temporal species distribution models using >50,000 points with time series cover, landscape configuration, protected areas, hunting regulations covering 24‐year period (1992–2015). Within temporal window considered, we then predicted habitat suitability for throughout Europe. Results Between 1992 2015, increased Eastern Balkans, North‐West Iberian Peninsula Northern Scandinavia, but showed mixed trends Western Southern These were primarily associated increases decreases density, and, additionally, mosaics cropland natural vegetation. Main conclusions Recent appear have altered pattern whereas protection level did not play role. While projected largely match observed carnivore populations, found mismatches expansion wolves Central where factors included our may played dominant This suggests that carnivores’ co‐existence humans landscapes is limited availability, other such favourable tolerance policy.

Language: Английский

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The unequal burden of human-wildlife conflict

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

Abstract Human-wildlife conflict is one of the most pressing sustainable development challenges globally. This particularly case where ecologically and economically important wildlife impact livelihoods humans. Large carnivores are such group their co-occurrence with low-income rural communities often results in real or perceived livestock losses that place increased costs on already impoverished households. Here we show disparities associated vulnerability to arising from large cattle ( Bos taurus ) Across distribution 18 carnivores, find economic predation (as measured by impacts annual per capita income) between two eight times higher for households transitioning developing economies when compared developed ones. potential burden exacerbated further because keepers these areas produce average 31% less meat animal than economies. In lowest-income areas, our estimates suggest loss a single cow bull equates nearly year half lost calories consumed child. Finally, 82% carnivore range falls outside protected five threatened have over third located sensitive areas. unequal human-carnivore sheds light importance grappling multiple conflicting goals: protecting life land eliminating poverty hunger.

Language: Английский

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The positive experience of encountering wolves in the wild

Conservation Science and Practice, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(5)

Published: Feb. 26, 2020

Abstract Large carnivores often impact human livelihoods and well‐being. Previous research has mostly focused on the negative impacts of large well‐being but rarely considered positive aspects living with carnivores. In particular, we know very little people's direct experiences like personal encounters awareness tolerance toward their exposure to Here, focus wolf ( Canis lupus ), report a phone survey in Germany. We examined whether wolves were or quantified related wolves. found that majority people reported when encountering wolves, regardless encountered wild within Germany, abroad, captivity. The frequency did not affect probability positive, neutral, experiences. Moreover, Germany expressed high close vicinity These findings are novel important because they highlight proximity human‐dominated landscapes.

Language: Английский

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Responsibility, equity, justice, and inclusion in dynamic human–wildlife interactions

Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 380 - 387

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

In an era of rapid environmental change, human–wildlife interactions (HWIs) are increasingly complex and pervasive across ecosystems. Negative outcomes from such continue to warrant much attention, given their implications for conservation human livelihoods. However, framing HWIs solely along a coexistence–conflict continuum is overly simplistic because coexistence not devoid conflict negates the temporal dynamics potential outcomes. Furthermore, without thorough consideration governing principles, will persistently result in negative skewed perspective within scientific community among public. Here we argue that incorporating principles responsibility, equity, justice, inclusion (REJI) into conservation‐oriented activities can influence intensity, severity, duration throughout HWI life cycle. The conceptual framework present both complements expands assessment anticipation outcomes, which inherently contingent on practice, cultural sensitivity, interdisciplinary approaches.

Language: Английский

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Living with wolves: A worldwide systematic review of attitudes

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 4, 2024

Abstract This systematic review of peer reviewed articles on attitudes towards gray wolves ( Canis lupus ), shows that are mainly measured either by mean values or proportional differences in attitudes. may impact how perceived and interpreted across studies areas. However, independent method used, we found people living areas where always have existed, more negative compared to there no wolves, recovered after years absence. People who express fear, being directly affected having such as farmers hunters, report other groups respondents. For wolf conservation recommend politicians management authorities prepare local societies the different consequences We using dialogues conflict methods minimize level conflicts.

Language: Английский

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Farmer perceptions of the vulnerabilities of traditional livestock farming systems under global change

AMBIO, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Abstract The continuity of traditional extensive livestock farming is being challenged by rapid socioeconomic and environmental changes, threatening livelihoods ecosystem services critical to food security sustainability. We conducted a large-scale assessment involving 255 farmers across six systems in Spain understand their perceptions vulnerabilities. Using the Coupled Infrastructure Systems framework, we identified 24 different vulnerabilities, mainly caused external biophysical disturbances, such as resource costs, low profitability products, climate variability, conflicts with wildlife. main factors explaining these vulnerabilities were primary productivity, farm location, presence large predators, climatic conditions. findings highlight complex interplay provide important insights for maintenance Europe. This information crucial informing policy decisions aimed at supporting ensuring contribution security, sustainability biodiversity conservation.

Language: Английский

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Non-material contributions of wildlife to human well-being: a systematic review

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 093005 - 093005

Published: Aug. 25, 2020

Abstract Wildlife has important effects on human well-being, ranging from beneficial contributions to life threatening interactions. Here, we systematically reviewed publications of both positive and negative non-material wildlife people (WCP) for different taxonomic groups (birds, mammals, reptiles amphibians) dimensions well-being such as health, social identity spirituality. Overall, the majority studies reported WCP, feelings insecurity or injuries. However, over last decade number WCP good mental emotions learning increased, mainly in Global North. These spatial temporal patterns may hint towards normative influences that drive relative proportion WCP. these are not yet well understood future research should examine potential biases by conducting policy assessments surveys among researchers understand drivers motivations behind their questions. We found almost no joint any species. Studies also showed taxon-specific differences outcomes, with predominantly birds published mammals reptiles. Physical health was most dominant aspect studied affected while other were less frequently covered literature. Future jointly evaluate implement multi-taxon approaches obtain a more balanced comprehensive understanding will provide actionable science outcomes shape human-wildlife coexistence promote well-being.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Human Disturbance on Terrestrial Apex Predators

Diversity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 68 - 68

Published: Feb. 9, 2021

The effects of human disturbance spread over virtually all ecosystems and ecological communities on Earth. In this review, we focus the terrestrial apex predators. We summarize their role in nature how they respond to different sources disturbance. Apex predators control prey smaller numerically via behavioral changes avoid predation risk, which turn can affect lower trophic levels. Crucially, reducing population numbers triggering responses are also that causes predators, may influence role. Some populations continue be at brink extinction, but others partially recovering former ranges, natural recolonization through reintroductions. Carnivore recovery is both good news for conservation a challenge management, particularly when occurs human-dominated landscapes. Therefore, conclude by discussing several management considerations that, adapted local contexts, favor predator functions nature.

Language: Английский

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Human–wildlife conflict in the roof of the world: Understanding multidimensional perspectives through a systematic review

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(17), P. 11569 - 11586

Published: Aug. 2, 2021

Abstract Human–wildlife conflicts have intensified by many folds and at different levels in recent years. The same is true the case of Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), roof world, a region known for its wealth biodiversity. We present systematic literature review (SLR) using search, appraisal, synthesis, analysis (SALSA) framework; spatial network analysis, we employed VOSviewer software. review—covering 240 peer—articles within span 27 years (from 1982 to 2019)—revealed that last decade, there was 57% increase publications but with disproportionate geographical thematic focus. About 82% research concentrated on protected areas large carnivores mega herbivores played big role such conflicts. 53% studies were based questionnaires, main driver reported habitat disturbance animals due land‐cover change, urbanization, human population. On management front, use traditional protection techniques like guarding fencing. Our 681 keywords revealed prominent focus ‘human‐wildlife conflict,’ ‘Nepal,’ ‘Bhutan,’ ‘Snow Leopard,’ ‘Leopard’ indicating issue linked these species countries. involvement 640 authors from 36 countries indicates increasing interest, Nepal India are playing key roles region. As conducted, while it showed regional variations, conspicuous limitations terms having transboundary Thus, particular attention ought be paid building partnerships improving interventions; also pressing need understand patterns human–wildlife convergence, especially involving meso‐mammals.

Language: Английский

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Why so negative? Exploring the socio-economic impacts of large carnivores from a European perspective

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 108918 - 108918

Published: Feb. 6, 2021

Language: Английский

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