Change in Terrestrial Human Footprint Drives Continued Loss of Intact Ecosystems

One Earth, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 371 - 382

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Just ten percent of the global terrestrial protected area network is structurally connected via intact land

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 11, 2020

Abstract Land free of direct anthropogenic disturbance is considered essential for achieving biodiversity conservation outcomes but rapidly eroding. In response, many nations are increasing their protected area (PA) estates, little consideration given to the context surrounding landscape. This despite fact that structural connectivity between PAs critical in a changing climate and mandated by international targets. Using high-resolution assessment human pressure, we show while ~40% terrestrial planet intact, only 9.7% Earth’s network can be structurally connected. On average, 11% each country or territory’s PA estate As global community commits bolder action on abating loss, placement future will critical, as an increased focus landscape-scale habitat retention restoration efforts ensure those important areas set aside remain (or become)

Language: Английский

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Global human influence maps reveal clear opportunities in conserving Earth’s remaining intact terrestrial ecosystems

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 4344 - 4356

Published: June 5, 2020

Abstract Leading up to the Convention on Biological Diversity Conference of Parties 15, there is momentum around setting bold conservation targets. Yet, it remains unclear how much Earth's land area without significant human influence and where this located. We compare four recent global maps influences across land, Anthromes, Global Human Modification, Footprint Low Impact Areas, answer these questions. Despite using various methodologies data, different spatial assessments independently estimate similar percentages terrestrial surface as having very low (20%–34%) (48%–56%) influence. Three out agree 46% non‐permanent ice‐ or snow‐covered However, portions planet are comprised cold (e.g., boreal forests, montane grasslands tundra) arid deserts) landscapes. Only biomes (boreal deserts, temperate coniferous forests have a majority datasets agreeing that at least half their has More concerning, <1% grasslands, tropical dry most datasets, mangroves also identified all datasets. These findings suggest about relatively offers opportunities for proactive actions retain last intact ecosystems planet. though relative abundance ecosystem areas with varies widely by biome, conserving should be high priority before they completely lost.

Language: Английский

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Scientific foundations for an ecosystem goal, milestones and indicators for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(10), P. 1338 - 1349

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Global rarity of intact coastal regions

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(4)

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

Management of the land-sea interface is essential for global conservation and sustainability objectives because coastal regions maintain natural processes that support biodiversity livelihood billions people. However, assessments have focused strictly on either terrestrial or marine realm. Consequently, understanding overall state Earth's poor. We integrated human footprint cumulative impact maps in a assessment anthropogenic pressures affecting regions. Of globally, 15.5% had low pressure, mostly Canada, Russia, Greenland. Conversely, 47.9% were heavily affected by humanity, most countries (84.1%) >50% their degraded. Nearly half (43.3%) protected areas across exposed to high pressures. To meet objectives, all nations must undertake greater actions preserve restore within borders.costa, huella humana, impacto humano cumulativo, litoral, presión restauración, tierras vírgenes Resumen El manejo de la interfaz entre tierra y el mar es esencial para los objetivos mundiales conservación sustentabilidad ya que las regiones costeras mantienen procesos naturales sostienen biodiversidad al sustento miles millones personas. Sin embargo, análisis se han enfocado estrictamente en ámbito marino o terrestre, pero no ambos. Por consiguiente, conocimiento del estado general planeta muy pobre. Integramos terrestre humana mapas marinos cumulativo un presiones antropogénicas afectan áreas costeras. De todo mundo, tuvieron una antropogénica reducida, principalmente Canadá, Rusia Groenlandia. En cambio, estuvieron fuertemente afectas por humanidad, mayoría países sus litorales encuentran degradadas. Casi mitad protegidas tienen grado exposición fuertes humanas. Para cumplir sustentabilidad, todos deben emprender mejores acciones preservar restaurar dentro fronteras.

Language: Английский

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Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the world’s primates from extinction

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(32)

Published: Aug. 10, 2022

Primates, represented by 521 species, are distributed across 91 countries primarily in the Neotropic, Afrotropic, and Indo-Malayan realms. Primates inhabit a wide range of habitats play critical roles sustaining healthy ecosystems that benefit human nonhuman communities. Approximately 68% primate species threatened with extinction because global pressures to convert their for agricultural production extraction natural resources. Here, we review scientific literature conduct spatial analysis assess significance Indigenous Peoples’ lands safeguarding biodiversity. We found account 30% range, 71% these lands. As on increases, less likely be classified as or have declining populations. Safeguarding lands, languages, cultures represents our greatest chance prevent world’s primates.

Language: Английский

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Protected-area targets could be undermined by climate change-driven shifts in ecoregions and biomes

Communications Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(1)

Published: Sept. 29, 2021

Abstract Expanding the global protected area network is critical for addressing biodiversity declines and climate crisis. However, how change will affect ecosystem representation within remains unclear. Here we use spatial analogs to examine potential climate-driven shifts in terrestrial ecoregions biomes under a +2 °C warming scenario associated implications achieving 30% area-based protection targets. We find that roughly half of land experience conditions correspond with different nearly quarter climates from biome. Of projected remain climatically stable, 46% currently intact (low human modification). The required achieve targets 87% exceeds intact, not protected, stable those ecoregions. Therefore, propose prioritization schemes need explicitly consider changes patterns biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Regional scalable priorities for national biodiversity and carbon conservation planning in Asia

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(35)

Published: Aug. 26, 2021

Scalable ranking approaches can map effective biodiversity and climate targets for national conservation action by 2030.

Language: Английский

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Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 8, 2020

Many global environmental agendas, including halting biodiversity loss, reversing land degradation, and limiting climate change, depend upon retaining forests with high ecological integrity, yet the scale degree of forest modification remain poorly quantified mapped. By integrating data on observed inferred human pressures an index lost connectivity, we generate a globally consistent, continuous condition as determined by anthropogenic modification. Globally, only 17.4 million km2 (40.5%) has landscape-level integrity (mostly found in Canada, Russia, Amazon, Central Africa, New Guinea) 27% this area is nationally designated protected areas. Of inside areas, 56% integrity. Ambitious policies that prioritize retention especially most intact are now urgently needed alongside current efforts aimed at deforestation restoring globally.

Language: Английский

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Toward monitoring forest ecosystem integrity within the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(4)

Published: July 1, 2021

Abstract Signatory countries to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are formulating goals and indicators through 2050 under post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Among is increasing integrity of ecosystems. The CBD now seeking input toward a quantifiable definition methods track it globally. Here, we offer schema for using Earth observations (EO) monitor evaluate global forest ecosystem (EI). Our approach builds three topics: concept EI, use satellite‐based EO, “essential biodiversity variables” report it. Within this schema, EI measure structure, function, composition an relative range variation determined by climatic–geophysical environment. We evaluation criteria recommend eight potential that can be monitored around globe Observations support efforts nations progress implement GBF. If operationalized, should help Parties take action achieving commitments during decade.

Language: Английский

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