Global impacts of future urban expansion on terrestrial vertebrate diversity

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 25, 2022

Abstract Rapid urban expansion has profound impacts on global biodiversity through habitat conversion, degradation, fragmentation, and species extinction. However, how future will affect needs to be better understood. We contribute filling this knowledge gap by combining spatially explicit projections of under shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) with datasets terrestrial (amphibians, mammals, birds). Overall, lead 11–33 million hectares natural loss 2100 the SSP scenarios disproportionately cause large fragmentation. The within current key priority areas is projected higher (e.g., 37–44% in WWF’s Global 200) than average. Moreover, land conversion reduce local within-site richness 34% abundance 52% per 1 km grid cell, 7–9 may lost 10 cell. Our study suggests an urgent need develop a sustainable development pathway balance conservation.

Language: Английский

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Global forest fragmentation change from 2000 to 2020

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 11, 2023

Abstract A comprehensive quantification of global forest fragmentation is urgently required to guide protection, restoration and reforestation policies. Previous efforts focused on the static distribution patterns remnants, potentially neglecting dynamic changes in landscapes. Here, we map fragments their temporal between 2000 2020. We find that landscapes tropics were relatively intact, yet these areas experienced most severe over past two decades. In contrast, 75.1% world’s forests a decrease fragmentation, fragmented temperate subtropical regions, mainly northern Eurasia South China, declined also identify eight modes indicate different recovery or degradation states. Our findings underscore need curb deforestation increase connectivity among fragments, especially tropical areas.

Language: Английский

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Scientific foundations for an ecosystem goal, milestones and indicators for the post-2020 global biodiversity framework

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(10), P. 1338 - 1349

Published: Aug. 16, 2021

Language: Английский

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Limited protection and ongoing loss of tropical cloud forest biodiversity and ecosystems worldwide

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. 854 - 862

Published: April 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Global importance of Indigenous Peoples, their lands, and knowledge systems for saving the world’s primates from extinction

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(32)

Published: Aug. 10, 2022

Primates, represented by 521 species, are distributed across 91 countries primarily in the Neotropic, Afrotropic, and Indo-Malayan realms. Primates inhabit a wide range of habitats play critical roles sustaining healthy ecosystems that benefit human nonhuman communities. Approximately 68% primate species threatened with extinction because global pressures to convert their for agricultural production extraction natural resources. Here, we review scientific literature conduct spatial analysis assess significance Indigenous Peoples’ lands safeguarding biodiversity. We found account 30% range, 71% these lands. As on increases, less likely be classified as or have declining populations. Safeguarding lands, languages, cultures represents our greatest chance prevent world’s primates.

Language: Английский

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Earth at risk: An urgent call to end the age of destruction and forge a just and sustainable future

PNAS Nexus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(4)

Published: March 28, 2024

Human development has ushered in an era of converging crises: climate change, ecological destruction, disease, pollution, and socioeconomic inequality. This review synthesizes the breadth these interwoven emergencies underscores urgent need for comprehensive, integrated action. Propelled by imperialism, extractive capitalism, a surging population, we are speeding past Earth's material limits, destroying critical ecosystems, triggering irreversible changes biophysical systems that underpin Holocene climatic stability which fostered human civilization. The consequences actions disproportionately borne vulnerable populations, further entrenching global inequities. Marine terrestrial biomes face tipping points, while escalating challenges to food water access foreshadow bleak outlook security. Against this backdrop Earth at risk, call response centered on decarbonization, fostering reciprocity with nature, implementing regenerative practices natural resource management. We elimination detrimental subsidies, promotion equitable development, transformative financial support lower income nations. A paradigm shift must occur replaces exploitative, wealth-oriented capitalism economic model prioritizes sustainability, resilience, justice. advocate cultural elevates kinship nature communal well-being, underpinned recognition finite resources interconnectedness its inhabitants. imperative is clear: navigate away from precipice, collectively harness political will, resources, societal values steer toward future where progress does not come cost integrity social equity.

Language: Английский

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Where Might We Find Ecologically Intact Communities?

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: April 15, 2021

Conservation efforts should target the few remaining areas of world that represent outstanding examples ecological integrity and aim to restore a much broader area with intact habitat minimal species loss while this is still possible. There have been many assessments “intactness” in recent years but most these use measures anthropogenic impact at site, rather than faunal intactness or integrity. This paper makes first assessment for global terrestrial land surface assesses how ecoregions sites could qualify as Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs – contributing significantly persistence biodiversity) based on their (under KBA Criterion C). Three datasets are combined create new spatially explicit map numbers extirpated. Based it estimated no more 2.9% can be considered faunally intact. Additionally, using habitat/density distribution data 15 large mammals we also make an initial where mammal densities reduced, showing further decrease 2.8% functionally Only 11% were identified included within existing protected areas, only 4% KBAs triggered by other criteria. Our findings show number C potentially increase up 20% if composition was restored reintroduction 1–5 species. Hence, all necessary requirements met order reintroduce regain integrity, will across human impacts low (human footprint ≤4). Focusing restoration planet full

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Review on the Integration of Remote Sensing and GIS to Forest and Grassland Ecosystem Health Attributes, Indicators, and Measures

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(16), P. 3262 - 3262

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

It is important to protect forest and grassland ecosystems because they are ecologically rich provide numerous ecosystem services. Upscaling monitoring from local global scale imperative in reaching this goal. The SDG Agenda does not include indicators that directly quantify health. Remote sensing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) can bridge the gap for large-scale health assessment. We systematically reviewed field-based remote-based measures of forests grasslands, identified most ones provided an overview on remote GIS-based measures. included 163 English language studies within terrestrial non-tropical biomes used a pre-defined classification system extract ecological stressors attributes, collected corresponding indicators, measures, proxy values. found main attributes each contribute differently literature, almost half examined estimate indicators. major stressor was “climate change”, followed by “insect infestation”; grasslands it “grazing”, change”. “Biotic interactions, composition, structure” attribute both ecosystems. “Fire disturbance” second forests, while “soil chemistry structure”. Less than fifth vegetation indices; NDVI common. There inconsistencies broad range Therefore, we recommend standardized field, GIS, sensing-based approach monitor integrity facilitate land managers policy-makers.

Language: Английский

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Toward monitoring forest ecosystem integrity within the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(4)

Published: July 1, 2021

Abstract Signatory countries to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) are formulating goals and indicators through 2050 under post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF). Among is increasing integrity of ecosystems. The CBD now seeking input toward a quantifiable definition methods track it globally. Here, we offer schema for using Earth observations (EO) monitor evaluate global forest ecosystem (EI). Our approach builds three topics: concept EI, use satellite‐based EO, “essential biodiversity variables” report it. Within this schema, EI measure structure, function, composition an relative range variation determined by climatic–geophysical environment. We evaluation criteria recommend eight potential that can be monitored around globe Observations support efforts nations progress implement GBF. If operationalized, should help Parties take action achieving commitments during decade.

Language: Английский

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The road to recovery: a synthesis of outcomes from ecosystem restoration in tropical and sub-tropical Asian forests

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 378(1867)

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

Current policy is driving renewed impetus to restore forests return ecological function, protect species, sequester carbon and secure livelihoods. Here we assess the contribution of tree planting ecosystem restoration in tropical sub-tropical Asia; synthesize evidence on mortality growth planted trees at 176 sites structural biodiversity recovery co-located actively restored naturally regenerating forest plots. Mean was 18% 1 year after planting, increasing 44% 5 years. Mortality varied strongly by site typically ca 20% higher open areas than degraded forest, with height positively affecting survival. Size-standardized rates were negatively related species-level wood density plantations enrichment settings. Based community-level data from 11 landscapes, active resulted faster accumulation basal area properties closer old-growth reference sites, relative natural regeneration, but species richness did not differ. High variability outcomes across indicates that for potentially rewarding risky context-dependent. Restoration projects must prepare manage commonly occurring challenges align efforts reconnect remaining areas. The abstract this article available Bahasa Indonesia electronic supplementary material. This part theme issue 'Understanding landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations UN Decade Ecosystem Restoration'.

Language: Английский

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