Gains in biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services from the expansion of the planet’s protected areas

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(22)

Published: June 1, 2022

Protected areas safeguard biodiversity, ensure ecosystem functioning, and deliver services to communities. However, only ~16% of the world's land area is under some form protection, prompting international calls protect at least 30% by 2030. We modeled outcomes achieving this 30 × target for terrestrial biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, nutrient regulation. find that additional ~2.8 million ha habitat would be protected benefit 1134 ± 175 vertebrate species whose habitats currently lack any as well contribute either avoided carbon emissions or dioxide sequestration, equivalent 10.9 3.6 GtCO2 year-1 (28.4 9.4% global nature-based climate-change mitigation potential). Furthermore, expansion network increase its ability regulate water quality mitigate pollution 142.5 31.0 MtN (28.5 6.2% regulation

Language: Английский

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Priorities for protected area expansion so nations can meet their Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework commitments

Integrative Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(3), P. 140 - 155

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract As part of the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (K‐M GBF), signatory nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aim to protect at least 30% planet by 2030 (Target 3). This bold ambition has been widely celebrated and its implementation seen as pivotal for overall success K‐M GBF. However, given that many CBD prioritised quantity (e.g., area) over quality important areas biodiversity) when attempting meet their 2010 Aichi protected area commitments, it is critical focus protecting those terrestrial, inland waters marine have best chance halting reversing biodiversity loss thus contribute Goal A Here we provide a review type need prioritise implementing Target 3 relates ‘quality’: particular importance ecosystem functions services, are effectively conserved managed through ecologically representative, well‐connected equitably governed systems . We show data available 12 distinct conservation service elements can be mapped and, if conserved, will (with appropriate management) help broad intention 3. highlight examples planning methods utilized so these targeted protection. discuss issues related trade‐offs regarding how amongst them well operationalise some vaguer concepts like ‘representation’ ‘ecosystem services’ they achieve outcomes biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Status of urban ecology in Africa: A systematic review

Landscape and Urban Planning, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 233, P. 104707 - 104707

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Urbanization is an extreme human activity and expanding worldwide, consequently increasing the attention of scientists across research areas urban ecology. Recent studies have warned lack information from certain regions, particularly Africa, which rapidly urbanizing. Thus, we did a detailed literature search to determine state knowledge in African ecology last century. We found 795 relevant papers where data were collected tested understand geographic ecological mismatches effort, allowing us identify important gaps (e.g., taxonomy scientific fields). also effect current future urbanization intensity, population density, size conservation status ecoregions Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on effort. Our results suggest low turnout dearth about Studies conducted 72% countries, with South Africa alone accounting for almost 40% all published papers. The either at city (55%) or local/country (34%) level, suggesting transnational collaboration. Interestingly, only country GDP significantly predicted number publications, that effort driven by economic reasons relevance need account these biases advance our understanding impacts biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Scaling up area-based conservation to implement the Global Biodiversity Framework’s 30x30 target: The role of Nature’s Strongholds

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. e3002613 - e3002613

Published: May 21, 2024

The Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), signed in 2022 by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, recognized importance of area-based conservation, and its goals targets specify characteristics protected conserved areas (PCAs) that disproportionately contribute biodiversity conservation. To achieve GBF’s target conserving a global area 30% 2030, this Essay argues for recognizing these scaling them up through conservation are: extensive (typically larger than 5,000 km 2 ); have interconnected PCAs (either physically or as part jurisdictional network, frequently embedded landscapes); high ecological integrity; are effectively managed equitably governed. These presented “Nature’s Strongholds,” illustrated examples from Congo Amazon basins. Conserving Nature’s Strongholds offers an approach scale initiatives address threats biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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Identification and analysis of conservation gap of national nature reserves in China

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 111525 - 111525

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The global system of nature reserves is facing adjustment and restructuring towards the goal harmonizing ecological conservation with regional development. We use multiple ecoregion data at both national scales as indicators to explore gap areas China's reserves, which can help build a network reserve systems lay spatial foundation for biodiversity conservation. This paper comprehensively resorts ideas modeling approaches involved in analysis, prioritization analysis eco-region planning. After identifying potential gaps China, it proposes priority optimization strategies. study finds that extent, China cover large area are distributed widely, mostly on sides Tengchong-Heihe Line. concentrated mid-subtropical humid areas, plateau subtropical sub-humid semi-arid temperate humid/sub-humid areas. These usually not sufficiently protected due their diversified landforms, complex ecosystems lack protection measures. results have verified identified building Chinese system. They may make unique important contribution efforts terms building. analyses optimising layout network.

Language: Английский

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Habitat fragmentation amplifies threats from habitat loss to mammal diversity across the world’s terrestrial ecoregions

One Earth, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(10), P. 1505 - 1513

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Protecting Half the Planet and Transforming Human Systems Are Complementary Goals

Frontiers in Conservation Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Nov. 18, 2021

The unfolding crises of mass extinction and climate change call for urgent action in response. To limit biodiversity losses avert the worst effects disruption, we must greatly expand nature protection while simultaneously downsizing transforming human systems. conservation initiative Nature Needs Half (or Earth), calling half Earth's land seas, is commensurate with enormous challenges face. Critics have objected to this as harboring hardship people near protected areas failing confront growth economy main engine global ecological destruction. In response first criticism, affirm that policies be designed implemented collaboration Indigenous local communities. second argue protecting Earth needs complemented by downscaling reforming economic life, humanely gradually reducing population, changing food production consumption. By generously, contracting enterprise, can create conditions achieving justice well-being both other species. If fail do so, instead accept a chaotic impoverished world will dangerous us all.

Language: Английский

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A functional vulnerability framework for biodiversity conservation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Abstract Setting appropriate conservation strategies in a multi-threat world is challenging goal, especially because of natural complexity and budget limitations that prevent effective management all ecosystems. Safeguarding the most threatened ecosystems requires accurate integrative quantification their vulnerability functioning, particularly potential loss species trait diversity which imperils functioning. However, magnitude threats associated biological responses both have high uncertainties. Additionally, major difficulty recurrent lack reference conditions for fair operational measurement vulnerability. Here, we present functional framework incorporates uncertainty into generalizable tool. Through silico simulations disturbances, our allows us to quantify communities wide range threats. We demonstrate relevance operationality framework, its global, scalable quantitative comparability, through three case studies on marine fishes mammals. show has marked geographic temporal patterns. underline contrasting contributions richness redundancy level among studies, indicating assessment can also identify drivers where omnipresent.

Language: Английский

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Using ecosystem integrity to maximize climate mitigation and minimize risk in international forest policy

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Several key international policy frameworks involve forests, including the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and Convention Biological Diversity (CBD). However, rules guidelines that treat forest types equally regardless of their ecosystem integrity risk profiles in terms carbon loss limit effectiveness can facilitate degradation. Here we assess potential for using a framework to guide goals. We review theory present conceptual framework, compare elements between primary human-modified discuss management implications. find forests consistently have higher levels lower than forests. This underscores need protect develop consistent large-scale data products identify high-integrity operationalize integrity. Doing so will optimize long-term storage provision other services, help evolving at nexus biodiversity climate crises.

Language: Английский

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Mapping Industrial Influences on Earth's Ecology

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 289 - 317

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

As anthropogenic transformation of Earth's ecology accelerates, and its impacts on the sustainability humanity rest nature become more obvious, geographers other researchers are leveraging an abundance spatial data to map how industrialization is transforming biosphere. This review examines methodologies used create such maps they have enhanced our understanding societies can abate biodiversity loss, mitigate climate change, achieve global goals. Although there been great advances over past two decades in mapping industrial transformations across planet, field still infancy. We outline future research directions better understand biosphere utility integrating socioeconomic, ecological, biodiversity, explore inform potential pathways human-driven social-ecological change.

Language: Английский

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