The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework: what it does and does not do, and how to improve it

Frontiers in Environmental Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) marks one of the most ambitious environmental agreements 21st century. Yet despite ambition, and considerable change in approach since negotiating its predecessor (the 2025 Vision Aichi targets), many pressures, including working through a global pandemic mean that final agreement, several years delay, is weaker than might have been hoped for. GBF provides set four goals, composed 23 targets (and series supporting annexes) which explore options for conservation, restoration sustainable use biodiversity, mobilisation necessary resources to maintain life on Earth. In this perspective we systematically examine composition GBF, exploring what lack weaknesses exist text. We also detail link between key indicators can be used track success toward fulfilling targets. offer recommendations could help strengthen application various targets, show where improved provide more detailed information monitor progress. Furthermore, discuss association their indicators, may temporal resolution or other elements. Finally, how actors better prepare successor 2030 has learnt about process, lessons ensure future circumnavigate issues weakened agreement.

Language: Английский

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Ambitions in national plans do not yet match bold international protection and restoration commitments

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Nature benefit hypothesis: Direct experiences of nature predict self‐reported pro‐biodiversity behaviors

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(3)

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Abstract Human activities are damaging the world's ecosystems, posing a serious threat to life on Earth, including humanity. To address this situation, widespread and significant changes in human behavior necessary. Direct experiences of nature can encourage individuals adopt positive actions towards biodiversity (hereafter pro‐biodiversity behavior), but relationship has not been well studied. Using large sample Japanese adults, we demonstrate that both recent childhood frequencies associated with an increased likelihood exhibiting behaviors. This association was found be consistent across various forms behaviors, purchasing ecofriendly products, reducing pesticide use domestic gardens, donating conservation organizations. However, our research also reveals declining trend Japan, resulting “extinction experience.” Our results suggest enhancing people's personal could help promote desired behavioral change halt loss.

Language: Английский

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Conserving urban biodiversity: Current practice, barriers, and enablers

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(3)

Published: March 14, 2023

Abstract Urban biodiversity conservation is critical if cities are to tackle the biodiversity‐extinction crisis and connect people with nature. However, little attention has been paid how urban environmental managers navigate complex socio‐ecological contexts conserve in cities. We interviewed from Australian identify (1) breadth of actions undertaken (2) barriers enablers action. found current practice be more diverse, innovative, proactive than previously described (318 across nine categories). Conversely, priority identified by literature yet “mainstream” (e.g., designing for human–nature connection, securing space nature cities). Further, we a suite levers overcome barriers. Our research provides scientists practitioners an understanding multiple facets emphasizes importance interdisciplinary approaches future practice.

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity monitoring in Europe: User and policy needs

Conservation Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(5)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract To achieve the goals of 2030 Global Biodiversity Framework, European Strategy, and EU Green Deal, biodiversity monitoring is critical. Monitoring efforts in Europe, however, suffer from gaps biases taxonomy, spatial coverage, temporal resolution, resulting fragmented disconnected data. assess user policy needs monitoring, we employed a four‐step user‐centered stakeholder engagement process with over 300 stakeholders including public workshop, online survey, interviews, meeting experts 18 member states, Commission, Environment Agency. The identified needs, current challenges, potential solutions. Based on assessment, recommend establishing Observation Coordinating Centre to optimize existing observation efforts, harmonize data, enhance our ability predict respond key challenges related loss Europe.

Language: Английский

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Key conservation actions for European steppes in the context of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework

Sustainability Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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A theory of change to improve conservation outcomes through CITES

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Understanding the effectiveness of Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs) is critical to addressing international environmental issues. Here we articulate implied theory change (ToC) underpinning design and operation CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species Wild Fauna Flora), based an analysis Convention’s documented evolution. We use this as a framework critically evaluate Convention, with respect its stated aims, using range theoretical empirical insights. Although achieving success various ways, proving ineffective at deterring illegal and/or unsustainable exploitation many listed species for trade, which attribute implementation compliance issues design, including principal focus deterrence through state-led law enforcement. Informed by develop modified ToC could support more effective CITES. This intended application level incorporates in-depth examination social-ecological systems (SESs) within are harvested, used, traded. species-system explicitly considers formal informal institutions, institutional diagnostics inform potential revisions arrangements along supply chains. argue that taking approach when considering whether how implement trade measures under enhance these reducing overexploitation legal, traceable, ecologically socially sustainable wild species. Finally, highlight role play broader global biodiversity governance regime; better alignment other relevant MEAs lead conservation overall.

Language: Английский

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Understanding and overcoming obstacles in adaptive management

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(1), P. 55 - 71

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Adaptive management (AM) is a stepwise iterative process in which interventions are implemented, their effects monitored and evaluated, the next intervention adapted according to knowledge gained.In theory, this of learning adaptation leads increased understanding ecological processes improved management. However, AM approach faces many obstacles its effective implementation.These may be exacerbated by emerging challenges related rapidly changing environment. In face large-scale climate land use change, AM's not keep pace with environmental changes.To inform future schemes, transdisciplinary needed address technical social components AM, but also ecosystem governance system. widely promoted improve natural resources, yet implementation challenging. We show that only per se external factors such as properties systems. To overcome obstacles, there need build capacities within ensuring adequate tools, collaboration, learning. Additionally, building legal institutional frames can enable necessary flexibility Furthermore, systems experiencing profound changes wildlife populations, even more critical will cope uncertainty changed conditions. For decades, (see Glossary) has been touted an decision-making capable handling complexities uncertainties when managing resources [1.Holling C.S. Environmental Assessment Management. John Wiley & Sons, 1978Google Scholar, 2.Walters C.J. Holling Large-scale experiments doing.Ecology. 1990; 71: 2060-2068Crossref Scopus (1030) Google 3.Allen C.R. Gunderson L.H. Pathology failure design adaptive management.J. Environ. Manag. 2011; 92: 1379-1384Crossref PubMed (221) 4.Westgate M.J. et al.Adaptive biological systems: review.Biol. Conserv. 2013; 158: 128-139Crossref (259) Scholar]. adaptation, using structured reach goals [5.Johansson J. al.Inspired decision making: collaborative multiple forest values.Ecol. Soc. 2018; 23: 1-11Crossref (9) 6.Bunnefeld N. al.Decision-making Conservation Natural Resource Management: Models for Interdisciplinary Approaches. Cambridge University Press, 2017Crossref 7.Williams B.K. management: The U.S. Department Interior Technical Guide. Dept. Interior, Management Working Group, 2009Google Often referred 'loop', involves iteration several stages, including set-up (framing problem identification objectives, hypotheses, actions), implementation, monitoring, evaluation (Figure 1). Based on gained from latter original reviewed adjusted if necessary, new 'AM loop' ensues Scholar,6.Bunnefeld Scholar,7.Williams This 'learning doing' [2.Walters Scholar] assumed lead system thereby ability fulfil objectives. both scientific literature [4.Westgate Scholar,8.Perino A. al.Biodiversity post-2020: closing gap between global targets national-level implementation.Conserv. Lett. 2022; 15e12848https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12848Crossref (20) Scholar,9.Folke C. al.Resilience sustainable development: capacity world transformations.Ambio. 2002; 31: 437-440Crossref (1682) international agreements, example, part endorsed Convention Biological Diversity implemented through Malawi principles [10.Prins H.H.T. Principles: clarifications thoughts underlay approach.in: Schei P.J. Proceedings Norway/UN Conference Ecosystem Approach Sustainable Use Diversity. Norwegian Directorate Nature Management/Norwegian Institute ResearchTrondheim, 1999: 23-30Google deemed applicable scarce abundant Scholar], it manage slow well rapid resource availability Scholar,11.Marjakangas al.International Single Species Action Plan Taiga Bean Goose (Technical series No. 56), AEWA, Bonn, Germany.2015Google Scholar,12.Madsen al.Implementation first plan European migratory waterbird population: case Svalbard pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus.Ambio. 2017; 462: 275-289Crossref (68) When comes applied spatial scales ranging local biome [13.Cummings restoration sand-mined areas conservation.J. Appl. Ecol. 2005; 42: 160-170Crossref (34) Scholar,14.Nichols J.D. harvest North American waterfowl populations: brief history prospects.J. Ornithol. 2007; 148: 343-349Crossref (188) Despite wide range actors advocating few projects have used deliver outcomes Scholar,15.Richardson S. al.A systematic review control invasive, non-native mammals, other human–wildlife conflicts.Mamm. Rev. 2020; 50: 147-156Crossref (24) proposes lack successful examples interacting causes Scholar,16.Gillson L. al.Finding common ground evidence-based approaches biodiversity conservation.Trends Evol. 2019; 34: 31-44Abstract Full Text PDF (48) Scholar]: complexity terms administrative levels carried out over large [17.Cash D.W. al.Scale cross-scale dynamics: information multilevel world.Ecol. 2006; 11: 1-12Crossref Moreover, conducted social–ecological system, instances depends multi-actor understanding. Current megatrends – overexploitation degradation [18.IPBES Global assessment report services Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform Biodiversity Services. IPBES secretariat, Germany2019Google 19.Fox A.D. Madsen Threatened species super-abundance: unexpected implications conservation.Ambio. 46: 179-187Crossref (103) 20.Meek C.L. human dimensions marine mammal policy North.Mar. Policy. 35: 466-476Crossref (28) 21.Walther G.R. Community responses recent change.Philos. Trans. R. B Biol. Sci. 2010; 365: 2019-2024Crossref (869) cause additional too these [22.Cammen K.M. al.Predator recovery, shifting baselines, they create.Ecosphere. 10e02579https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2579Crossref (15) Wildlife populations change quickly profoundly, rarity abundance vice versa. conservation drastically status red-listed mammals birds full recovery [19.Fox Scholar,23.Apollonio M. al.European ungulates 21st century. 2010Google Scholar,24.Chapron G. al.Recovery carnivores Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes.Science. 2014; 346: 1517-1519Crossref (1173) require swift shift strategy objectives avoid either continued population decline exploited species, or impact ecosystems livelihoods superabundant Scholar,25.Tyre A.J. Michaels Confronting socially generated 1365-1370Crossref (36) Such prompt innovation certain organisations: allow flexibility. Several reviews identified listed possible Scholar,26.Gregory al.Deconstructing criteria applications management.Ecol. 16: 2411-2425Crossref (231) Scholar,27.Williams Brown E.D. Double-loop need, challenge, opportunity.Environ. 62: 995-1006Crossref (30) any systematically quantified frequency. quantification valuable highlight particularly problematic able present solutions coherent framework. current megatrends, assist putting focus profoundly conditions goals. analysis timely, set become frequent near future. facing mega trends, respects similar management, otherwise. Lessons learnt therefore provide insights generally. about quantify frequency different categories special emphasis scenarios (Appendix S1 supplemental online). then identify formulate recommendations how AM. As illustration addressed practice, we study currently engaging practitioners makers, namely, flyway (Box 1).Box 1Case study: geeseAM illustrative example handle. It uncertainty, declining strategies increasing mitigation disservices (e.g., impact, crop damage, air safety concerns). recently rare threatened same [11.Marjakangas Scholar,19.Fox Scholar,80.Buij al.Balancing function, resulting expanding populations.Ambio. 301-318Crossref (43) Scholar,88.Montràs-Janer T. al.Relating national damage grazing birds: 56: 2286-2297Crossref migrate across nations legislations, cultures, norms [89.Bainbridge I. Scotland: overview.Ambio. 224-230Crossref Scholar,90.Stroud D. al.Key actions towards geese.Ambio. 328-338Crossref (23) coordinating becomes challenge [91.Tombre I.M. al.Towards solution goose-agriculture conflict Norway, 1988-2012: interplay policy, stakeholder influence dynamics.PLoS One. 8e71912https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.poneCrossref (38) Scholar,92.Eriksson al.The public geese: rise?.Hum. Dimens. Wildl. 25: 421-437Crossref (14) Scholar].To challenges, secretariat African–Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (https://www.unep-aewa.org/) approached countries sharing species. Important parts proposed were create forums discussion groups communication, consensus-building, engagement among stakeholders, form platforms where delegations (authorities, experts, interest groups) meet decisions I). meetings now arranged annually, task force continuously work issues species-specific questions data collection). Practitioners supported scientists via platform (collecting compiling data) modelling consortium (providing predictive models). Using structure, plans launched Scholar,93.Powolny al.AEWA International Greylag (Anser anser) AEWA Series 71. Germany.2018Google Scholar,94.Jensen G.H. Barnacle - Russia/Germany Netherlands population, East Greenland/Scotland Ireland Svalbard/South-west Scotland population. 70. all striving viable while minimising 'ecosystem disservices' [95.Lefebvre greater snow caerulescens atlanticus: overabundant population.Ambio. 262-274Crossref based models, coordinated hunting quotas One (pink-footed goose, brachyrhynchus) size approaching goal [12.Madsen Yet, requires at level support nationally agreed actively contribute achieving them [96.Tombre al.Population means organised effort: experiences voluntary arrangement.Ambio. 51: 728-742Crossref (4) suggests further capacity-building countries, regional levels.The good strengthen handle some remain, one illustrated protection barnacle (Branta leucopsis) II), permitted At present, makes impossible reduce most Europe, remains open much less Thus, legislative precautionary rescue critically small sometimes order prevent irreversible disservices'. shifts inside outside (i.e., legislation structure) [20.Meek Scholar].Figure IIThe shown going 3–4 causing (AM).View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) levels. three main to: (i) process' inadequate actor involvement, shortcomings operational processes), (ii) 'ecosystem', focusing environment was applied, (iii) 'governance', comprising frame

Language: Английский

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Environmental DNA-Based Methods in Biodiversity Monitoring of Protected Areas: Application Range, Limitations, and Needs

Diversity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 463 - 463

Published: June 9, 2022

Novel methods for species detection based on collection of environmental DNA (eDNA) are not only important in biodiversity assessment a scientific context, but also increasingly being applied conservation practice. The eDNA-based have significant potential regular use status assessments and actions protected areas (PAs) other effective area-based measures (OECMs) worldwide. Species from samples, such as water, sediment, soil, air, or organic material, has broad application scope with precise, comprehensive, rapid identification. Here, we provide an overview the range monitoring PAs, evaluate which this technology already been implemented nature conservation, examine challenges that can hamper further real world Based outcomes two projects, practical experience, current literature focusing their application, conclude promising novel approaches strong supplement methods, some cases even substitutes conventional used PAs. This advancement is expected to affect decision-making efforts PAs OECMs.

Language: Английский

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Beyond the ecocentric: Diverse values and attitudes influence engagement in pro‐environmental behaviours

People and Nature, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(6), P. 1500 - 1512

Published: Sept. 14, 2022

Abstract Changing human behaviour and social systems are key to reversing the global biodiversity crisis. Pro‐environmental is guided by values connection with nature, but because they have mostly been studied separately, interplay between nature in influencing pro‐environmental remains unclear. In particular, it uncertain whether people who hold anthropocentric a less positive than those ecocentric values, protection behaviours differ different or strengths of nature. We used stratified survey 2100 respondents across Australia measure orientation towards created segments based on individual characterised each segment demographics, nature‐exposure, behaviours, support for environmental policies political alignment. discovered that quarter had alongside strong Moreover, more frequently undertook certain values. Our findings indicate expression not limited Rather, engage types impactful challenging stereotypes about These results further suggest behavioural intervention strategies could be tailored reach sectors society various combinations thus maximising entire population. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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