Science Signaling,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(770)
Published: Jan. 31, 2023
C-C
chemokine
receptor
2
(CCR2)
is
a
dual-function
receptor.
Similar
to
other
G
protein-coupled
receptors,
it
promotes
monocyte
infiltration
into
tissues
in
response
the
CCL2,
and,
like
atypical
receptors
(ACKRs),
scavenges
from
extracellular
environment.
CCR2
therefore
mediates
CCL2-dependent
signaling
as
(GPCR)
and
also
limits
CCL2
scavenger
We
investigated
mechanisms
underlying
scavenging,
including
involvement
of
intracellular
proteins
typically
associated
with
GPCR
internalization.
Using
CRISPR
knockout
cell
lines,
we
showed
that
scavenged
by
constitutively
internalizing
remove
space
recycling
back
surface
for
further
rounds
ligand
sequestration.
This
process
occurred
independently
proteins,
kinases
(GRKs),
β-arrestins,
clathrin,
which
distinct
"professional"
couple
GRKs,
or
both.
These
findings
set
stage
understanding
molecular
regulators
determine
scavenging
may
have
implications
drug
development
targeting
this
therapeutically
important
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Aug. 30, 2022
The
CCL2-CCR2
axis
is
one
of
the
major
chemokine
signaling
pathways
that
has
received
special
attention
because
its
function
in
development
and
progression
cardiovascular
disease.
Numerous
investigations
have
been
performed
over
past
decades
to
explore
Laboratory
data
on
for
disease
shown
satisfactory
outcomes,
yet
clinical
translation
remains
challenging.
In
this
article,
we
describe
mechanisms
action
evolution
diseases
including
heart
failure,
atherosclerosis
coronary
atherosclerotic
disease,
hypertension
myocardial
use
pathway
as
a
targeted
therapy
are
summarized.
potential
treatment
explored.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Feb. 25, 2022
Chemokines
are
a
family
of
cytokines
that
orchestrate
the
migration
and
positioning
immune
cells
within
tissues
critical
for
function
system.
CCR2
participates
in
liver
pathology,
including
acute
injury,
chronic
hepatitis,
fibrosis/cirrhosis,
tumor
progression,
by
mediating
recruitment
to
inflammation
sites.
Although
variety
chemokines
have
been
well
studied
various
diseases,
there
is
no
comprehensive
review
presenting
roles
all
known
chemokine
ligands
(CCL2,
CCL7,
CCL8,
CCL12,
CCL13,
CCL16,
PSMP)
disease,
this
aims
fill
gap.
The
introduction
each
includes
its
discovery,
corresponding
chemotactic
receptors,
physiological
functions
tumors,
impact
on
different
cell
subgroups.
International Journal of Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
19(11), P. 3341 - 3359
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
Cancer
is
a
multi-step
disease
caused
by
the
accumulation
of
genetic
mutations
and/or
epigenetic
changes,
and
biggest
challenge
around
world.Cytokines,
including
chemokines,
exhibit
expression
changes
disorders
in
all
human
cancers.These
cytokine
abnormalities
can
disrupt
homeostasis
immune
function,
make
outstanding
contributions
to
various
stages
cancer
development
such
as
invasion,
metastasis,
angiogenesis.Chemokines
are
superfamily
small
molecule
chemoattractive
cytokines
that
mediate
variety
cellular
functions.Importantly,
interactions
chemokine
members
CXCL12
its
receptors
CXCR4
CXCR7
have
broad
impact
on
tumor
cell
proliferation,
survival,
angiogenesis,
microenvironment,
thus
participate
onset
many
cancers
leukemia,
breast
cancer,
lung
prostate
multiple
myeloma.Therefore,
this
review
aims
summarize
latest
research
progress
future
challenges
regarding
role
CXCL12-CXCR4/CXCR7
signaling
axis
highlights
potential
biomarker
or
therapeutic
target
for
providing
essential
strategies
novel
targeted
therapies.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: July 22, 2024
Abstract
Cytokines
are
critical
in
regulating
immune
responses
and
cellular
behavior,
playing
dual
roles
both
normal
physiology
the
pathology
of
diseases
such
as
cancer.
These
molecules,
including
interleukins,
interferons,
tumor
necrosis
factors,
chemokines,
growth
factors
like
TGF-β,
VEGF,
EGF,
can
promote
or
inhibit
growth,
influence
microenvironment,
impact
efficacy
cancer
treatments.
Recent
advances
targeting
these
pathways
have
shown
promising
therapeutic
potential,
offering
new
strategies
to
modulate
system,
progression,
overcome
resistance
conventional
therapies.
In
this
review,
we
summarized
current
understanding
implications
cytokine
chemokine
signaling
By
exploring
molecules
biology
response,
highlighted
development
novel
agents
aimed
at
modulating
combat
The
review
elaborated
on
nature
cytokines
promoters
suppressors
tumorigenesis,
depending
context,
discussed
challenges
opportunities
presents
for
intervention.
We
also
examined
latest
advancements
targeted
therapies,
monoclonal
antibodies,
bispecific
receptor
inhibitors,
fusion
proteins,
engineered
variants,
their
metastasis,
microenvironment.
Additionally,
evaluated
potential
combining
therapies
with
other
treatment
modalities
improve
patient
outcomes.
Besides,
focused
ongoing
research
clinical
trials
that
pivotal
advancing
our
application
cytokine-
chemokine-targeted
patients.
Journal of Hematology & Oncology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: June 11, 2024
Abstract
Macrophages
infiltrating
tumour
tissues
or
residing
in
the
microenvironment
of
solid
tumours
are
known
as
tumour-associated
macrophages
(TAMs).
These
specialized
immune
cells
play
crucial
roles
growth,
angiogenesis,
regulation,
metastasis,
and
chemoresistance.
TAMs
encompass
various
subpopulations,
primarily
classified
into
M1
M2
subtypes
based
on
their
differentiation
activities.
macrophages,
characterized
by
a
pro-inflammatory
phenotype,
exert
anti-tumoural
effects,
while
with
an
anti-inflammatory
function
protumoural
regulators.
highly
versatile
respond
to
stimuli
from
other
constituents
within
(TME),
such
growth
factors,
cytokines,
chemokines,
enzymes.
induce
polarization
towards
one
phenotype
another,
leading
complex
interactions
TME
components
influencing
both
pro-tumour
anti-tumour
processes.
This
review
comprehensively
deeply
covers
literature
origin
well
intricate
interplay
between
TME,
dual
nature
promoting
pro-
Moreover,
delves
primary
pathways
implicated
macrophage
polarization,
examining
diverse
that
regulate
this
process.
role
shaping
functions
macrophages.
In
addition,
advantages
limitations
current
clinical
interventions
reviewed,
including
enhancing
TAM
phagocytosis,
inducing
exhaustion,
inhibiting
recruitment,
polarizing
M1-like
phenotype.
conclusion,
treatment
strategies
targeting
precision
medicine
show
promise,
overcoming
several
obstacles
is
still
necessary
achieve
accessible
efficient
immunotherapy.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: May 22, 2024
Abstract
Immunotherapy
represented
by
anti-PD-(L)1
and
anti-CTLA-4
inhibitors
has
revolutionized
cancer
treatment,
but
challenges
related
to
resistance
toxicity
still
remain.
Due
the
advancement
of
immuno-oncology,
an
increasing
number
novel
immunoregulatory
targets
mechanisms
are
being
revealed,
with
relevant
therapies
promising
improve
clinical
immunotherapy
in
foreseeable
future.
Therefore,
comprehending
larger
picture
is
important.
In
this
review,
we
analyze
summarize
current
landscape
preclinical
translational
mechanistic
research,
drug
development,
trials
that
brought
about
next-generation
pharmacological
anti-cancer
agents
candidates
beyond
classical
immune
checkpoint
inhibitors.
Along
further
clarification
immunobiology
advances
antibody
engineering,
targeting
additional
inhibitory
checkpoints,
including
LAG-3,
TIM-3,
TIGIT,
CD47,
B7
family
members
becoming
important
part
research
discovery,
as
structurally
functionally
optimized
agonists
co-stimulatory
molecules
T
cells.
Exemplified
bispecific
cell
engagers,
newly
emerging
bi-specific
multi-specific
antibodies
can
provide
considerable
benefits.
Next-generation
also
include
epigenetic
drugs
cytokine-based
therapeutics.
Cell
therapies,
vaccines,
oncolytic
viruses
not
covered
review.
This
comprehensive
review
might
aid
development
fastest
possible
adoption
effective
immuno-oncology
modalities
for
benefit
patients.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 138 - 138
Published: Dec. 29, 2022
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
one
of
the
most
frequent
tumor
entities
worldwide
with
only
limited
therapeutic
options.
CRC
not
a
genetic
disease
several
mutations
in
specific
oncogenes
and/or
suppressor
genes
such
as
APC,
KRAS,
PIC3CA,
BRAF,
SMAD4
or
TP53
but
also
multifactorial
including
environmental
factors.
Cancer
cells
communicate
their
environment
mostly
via
soluble
factors
cytokines,
chemokines
growth
to
generate
favorable
microenvironment
(TME).
The
TME,
heterogeneous
population
differentiated
and
progenitor
cells,
plays
critical
role
regulating
development,
growth,
invasion,
metastasis
therapy
resistance.
In
this
context,
cytokines
from
TME
influence
each
other,
eliciting
an
inflammatory
milieu
that
can
either
enhance
suppress
metastasis.
Additionally,
lines
evidence
exist
composition
microbiota
regulates
processes,
controlled
by
cytokine
secretion,
play
carcinogenesis
progression.
review,
we
discuss
networks
between
microbiome
colorectal
related
treatment
strategies,
goal
cytokine-mediated
strategies
could
overcome
common
resistance
tumors.
Journal of Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: Dec. 12, 2022
In
the
tumor
microenvironment
(TME),
tumor-associated
macrophages
(TAMs)
are
most
abundant
immune
cells,
which
act
as
a
key
regulator
in
tumorigenesis
and
progression.
Increasing
evidence
have
demonstrated
that
TME
alters
nature
of
to
maintain
dynamic
tissue
homeostasis,
allowing
TAMs
acquire
ability
stimulate
angiogenesis,
promote
metastasis
recurrence,
suppress
anti-tumor
responses.
Furthermore,
tumors
with
high
TAM
infiltration
poor
prognoses
resistant
treatment.
field
solid
tumor,
exploration
tumor-promoting
mechanisms
has
attracted
much
attention
targeting
emerged
promising
immunotherapeutic
strategy.
Currently,
common
therapeutic
options
for
follows:
deletion
TAMs,
inhibition
recruitment,
release
phagocytosis
by
reprogramming
remodel
their
capacity.
Promisingly,
study
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR-Ms)
may
provide
even
greater
benefit
patients
tumors.
this
review,
we
discuss
how
progression
well
summarize
emerging
strategies
macrophages.