A Proposal for a Taxonomy of Pre-Loading

Substance Use & Misuse, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 56(3), P. 416 - 423

Published: Jan. 25, 2021

Background: Pre-loading of alcohol and other drugs has become a prevalent start to nights out in many countries. Studies into pre-loading have been using different operational definitions descriptions, leading confusion debate the research literature. Purpose/Objective: We wish propose full taxonomy so that preloading, any substances, can be specific standardized. Methods: address this problem by analyzing (1) terminology used throughout literature, (2) evolving nature phenomenon, (3) components comprising substance use practice. Additionally, we provide context rationale for how view relation broader event-level session. Results: Our results definition used, built upon, researchers. also visual representation within an session method facilitate consistency across cultures. Conclusions: system will lead greater specificity higher reliability interpretation results.

Language: Английский

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An intercept study to measure the extent to which New Zealand university students pre‐game

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 30 - 34

Published: Dec. 27, 2017

We aimed to quantify the degree which students pre-gamed in New Zealand, using self-report and breathalysers.A total of 569 Zealand undergraduate were interviewed (men = 45.2%; first year 81.4%) entering three university-run concerts. asked participants report how many drinks they had consumed, their self-reported intoxication duration pre-gaming session. then recorded participants' Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC; µg/L) time arrived at event.The number who reported consuming alcohol before event was 504 (88.6%) standard consumed high (M=6.9; median=6.0). A 237 (41.7%) could not have BrAC due having ≤10 minutes interview. The remaining 332 (57.3%) a mean 288.8µg/L (median=280.0 µg/L). Gender, off-campus accommodation, length drinking session, arrival all associated with increased pre-gaming. Conclusion implications for public health: Pre-gaming norm students. Universities must take into account; policy include earlier start times events limiting students' access prior events.

Language: Английский

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Effect of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in ADH1B,ADH4,ADH1C,OPRM1,DRD2,BDNF, and ALDH2 genes on alcohol dependence in a Caucasian population

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 5(4)

Published: June 30, 2017

Abstract Alcohol is a frequently used addictive substance worldwide. Aim of this study to determine the frequency distribution SNP s within ADH 1B , 4 1C ALDH 2, BDNF OPRM 1 and DRD 2 genes in southeastern European Caucasian population from Greece. For purpose samples 1276 volunteers were analyzed after deidentification anonymization. The allele examined polymorphisms present Greek cohort was as follows: rs1229984 ( ): GG (wt) = 64.14%, GA 29.86%, AA 4.00%; rs1693482 CC 57.45%, CT 36.76%, TT 5.80%; rs1799971 72.43%, AG 28.72%, 1.89%; rs1800497 70.84%, 27.18%, 1.98%; rs1800759 34.25%, CA 48.12%, 17.63%; rs6265 65.99%, 31.02%, 2.99%; rs671 99.84% 0.16%, 0.00%. Mutant A ~6.5× more frequent than population. T ~1.7× alleles for show similar frequencies both northern southern Europeans. One mutant detected (0.08%). ~1.2× ~1.1× An alcohol addiction‐specific algorithm generated TGS ) that may predict addiction prevalence According our findings, Southeastern differ genetically north Europeans due influences neighboring Asian African populations calculated score >50 indicates individuals with low susceptibility develop addiction.

Language: Английский

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Pregaming: A Field-Based Investigation of Alcohol Quantities Consumed Prior to Visiting a Bar and Restaurant District

Substance Use & Misuse, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 54(6), P. 1017 - 1023

Published: Jan. 7, 2019

Investigations examining the association between pregaming, or consumption of alcohol prior to attending a social gathering drinking establishment, and blood concentrations have primarily relied on estimations (i.e., Widmark equation), rather than objective biologic samples, such as breath concentration (BrAC).The current study assessed: (1) using quantity-based measures, among sample college non-college affiliated bar patrons, (2) associations pregaming intensity/status participant intoxication (BrAC), (3) whether participants who pregamed were more likely identify hazardous drinker.548 patrons provided data Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) single item assessing quantity consumed visiting bar/restaurant district in 2015. BrAC samples collected post interview. We used hierarchical linear regression models, respectively, assess significantly impacted presence predicted behavior.After controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, age, student status, Greek affiliation, model explained 32.3% (R2 = .323) variance levels (F(12) 21.162, p < .001), with 4.30% solely by (β 0.014; .001). The if harzardous behavior 31.2% .312) (F(18) 13.276, 4.2% AUDIT-C scores 0.280; .001).Findings further highlight harmful risk linked elevated intoxication.

Language: Английский

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Estimated changes in hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication after partial bans on off‐premises sales of alcoholic beverages in the canton of Vaud, Switzerland: an interrupted time–series analysis

Addiction, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 115(8), P. 1459 - 1469

Published: Jan. 11, 2020

To estimate age-specific changes in hospital admissions for alcohol intoxication following two consecutive restrictions on off-premises sales introduced the canton of Vaud, Switzerland.Primary analyses used interrupted autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time-series (repeated cross-sectional), with Lausanne and Vaud as experimental sites rest Switzerland control. Secondary used, example, a different control site (other French-speaking cantons only) or statistical model.Switzerland between 2010 2016.In-patients (i.e. patients assigned bed overnight) hospitalized 8 p.m. 6 a.m. (n = 1 261 564), documented Swiss Hospital Statistics.Ban 1, only effective canton's capital, Lausanne, prohibited all alcoholic beverages after Fridays Saturdays from September 2013 to June 2015. In July 2015, Ban 2 replaced this, covered whole affected beer spirits (but not wine) 9 (8 Lausanne) every night week.Proportions monthly (ICD-10 diagnoses F10.0/F10.1, T51.0) per 1000 overall admissions.Proportions hospitalizations declined both bans [ωBan1 -0.017, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.025, -0.008; ωBan2 -0.021, CI -0.030, -0.013] but remainder (ωBan2 -0.008, -0.014, -0.002). Estimated % were largest among 16-19-year-olds. However, admission rates more frequent adulthood than adolescence, estimated change number cases was also relevant public health 20-69-year-olds. supported findings primary analyses.Even partial (only days week spirits) appeared reduce across wide age range (ages 16-69 years).

Language: Английский

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Development and psychometric evaluation of a new measure to assess pregaming motives in Spanish-speaking young adults

Addictive Behaviors, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 134 - 142

Published: Jan. 31, 2018

Language: Английский

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Drug-related police encounters across the globe: How do they compare?

International Journal of Drug Policy, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 56, P. 197 - 207

Published: April 24, 2018

Language: Английский

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Public self-consciousness, pre-loading and drinking harms among university students

Substance Use & Misuse, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 54(5), P. 747 - 757

Published: Jan. 14, 2019

Background: Social anxiety and self-consciousness are associated with alcohol-related problems in students. The practice of pre-loading is one avenue for exploration regarding this relationship. Individuals may pre-load to reduce social feel more confident when socializing, which could lead the increased harms experienced. current study aimed explore reasons pre-loading, whether public private were related drinking, harms. Objectives: Prospective four-week follow up 325 UK students aged 18-–30 years old. Participants completed measures self-consciousness, anxiety, alcohol consumption, harms, pre-loading. Results: Financial motives mood-related reasons, such as gaining confidence reported Pre-loading predicted hazardous but did not. However, Furthermore, mediated relationship between a positive direction appeared be relevant high-risk (AUDIT 8+) than low-risk drinkers. Conclusions: Students who scored higher at greater risk from Further research should examine particular attention drinkers, aspects night out heightened self-consciousness. Interventions incorporate order negative impacts

Language: Английский

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Participation in Drinking Games and Predrinking Among University Students in Argentina, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand

Alcohol and Alcoholism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 56(6), P. 683 - 688

Published: Dec. 30, 2020

The limited existing research on drinking games and predrinking among university students in Argentina, Australia, Canada, New Zealand suggests that participation these risky practices is relatively widespread this population. Drinking norms alcohol use can vary across countries different regions of the globe. measurement between studies also differs, making cross-country comparisons difficult. present study explored differences past month from a large public Zealand.The data analytic sample consisted 1134 (ages 18-25, Mage = 20.2 years; 72.6% women) Argentina (n 349), Australia 280), Canada 262), 243) who reported weekly consumption. Students completed confidential survey attitudes behaviors.Controlling for age, gender, drink consumption, there were no predrinking. In contrast, more likely to have played game than Argentina.The finding suggest are equally participate regardless country; however, likelihood playing differs as function country site.

Language: Английский

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The Brief Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire: A cross-country examination among university students in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Argentina, and the United States

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 227, P. 108975 - 108975

Published: Aug. 28, 2021

Language: Английский

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