Polyploidy as a Fundamental Phenomenon in Evolution, Development, Adaptation and Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(7), P. 3542 - 3542

Published: March 24, 2022

DNA replication during cell proliferation is ‘vertical’ copying, which reproduces an initial amount of genetic information. Polyploidy, results from whole-genome duplication, a fundamental complement to vertical copying. Both organismal and polyploidy can emerge via premature cycle exit or cell-cell fusion, the latter giving rise polyploid hybrid organisms epigenetic hybrids somatic cells. Polyploidy-related increase in biological plasticity, adaptation, stress resistance manifests evolution, development, regeneration, aging, oncogenesis, cardiovascular diseases. Despite prevalence nature importance for medicine, agri- aquaculture, processes mechanisms underlying these features largely remain unknown. The evolutionarily conserved include activation transcription, response stress, damage hypoxia, induction programs morphogenesis, unicellularity, longevity, suggesting that common confer adaptive viability, cells organisms. By increasing polyploidization provide survival under stressful conditions where diploid cannot survive. However, it occurs at expense specific function, thus promoting developmental programming adult diseases risk cancer. Notably, genes arising evolutionary are heavily involved cancer other Ploidy-related changes gene expression presumably originate chromatin modifications derepression bivalent genes. provided evidence elucidates role carcinogenesis, may contribute development new strategies regeneration preventing

Language: Английский

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The Importance of Metabolic and Environmental Factors in the Occurrence of Oxidative Stress during Pregnancy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(15), P. 11964 - 11964

Published: July 26, 2023

Metabolic changes in pregnant women begin the first weeks after conception under influence of placental hormones that affect metabolism all nutrients. An increased concentration total lipids accompanies pregnancy and an accumulation triglycerides low-density lipoproteins (LDL) particles. Lipids small dense LDL particles are more susceptible to oxidative modification than normal-density Unlike high-density (HDL), lipoprotein have atheroprotective role lipid metabolism. The very growth fetus depends on nutrition both parents, so obesity is not only mother but also father. Nutritional programming offspring occurs through leads risk for cardiometabolic diseases. Pregnancy accompanied by need oxygen mitochondria placenta a tendency develop stress. Oxidative stress represents disturbance balance oxidation–reduction processes body due excessive production free radicals cellular homeostatic mechanisms unable neutralize. When with antioxidant system disturbed, which happens when high concentrations, serious damage biological molecules occurs, resulting series pathophysiological pathological changes, including cell death. Therefore, plays significant pathogenesis many complications can occur during pregnancy. status influenced socioeconomic living conditions, lifestyle habits, diet, smoking, exposure environmental air pollution. During healthy pregnancy, altered profile create premature birth pregnancy-related diseases, predisposition adult

Language: Английский

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Effect of prenatal glucocorticoids and thyroid hormones on developmental plasticity of mitochondrial aerobic metabolism, growth and survival: an experimental test in wild great tits

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 225(9)

Published: April 14, 2022

Developmental plasticity is partly mediated by transgenerational effects, including those the maternal endocrine system. Glucocorticoid and thyroid hormones may play central roles in developmental programming through their action on metabolism growth. However, mechanisms which they affect growth development remain understudied. One hypothesis that directly production availability of energy-carrying molecules (e.g. ATP) mitochondrial function. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally increased glucocorticoid wild great tit eggs (Parus major) to investigate impact offspring aerobic (measured blood cells), subsequent survival. We show prenatal supplementation affected cellular decreasing density, maximal respiration oxidative phosphorylation, while increasing proportion maximum capacity being used under endogenous conditions. Prenatal only had mild effects body mass, size condition during rearing period, but led a sex-specific (females only) decrease mass few months after fledging. Contrary our expectations, hormone did not or metabolism. Recapture probability as juveniles adults was significantly hormonal treatment. Our results demonstrate glucocorticoids can post-natal density The weak apparent survival suggest nestlings were mostly able compensate for transient induced glucocorticoids.

Language: Английский

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Metabolic Consequences of Glucocorticoid Exposure before Birth

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 2304 - 2304

Published: May 30, 2022

Glucocorticoids have an important role in development of the metabolic phenotype utero. They act as environmental and maturational signals adapting feto-placental metabolism to maximize chances survival both before at birth. influence placental nutrient handling fetal processes support growth, fuel storage energy production with respect availability. More specifically, they regulate transport, utilization a range nutrients by tissues that enables greater flexibility utero while minimizing any further drain on maternal resources during periods stress. Near term, natural rise glucocorticoid concentrations also stimulates key adaptations prepare for new demanding functions after Glucocorticoids, therefore, central communication between mother, placenta fetus optimizes offspring reproductive age. This review discusses effects glucocorticoids supply particular emphasis studies using quantitative methods assess rodents sheep vivo late pregnancy. It considers routes overexposure utero, including experimental administration synthetic glucocorticoids, mechanisms which these hormones control molecular, cellular systems levels. briefly examines consequences intrauterine postnatal health generational inheritance phenotype.

Language: Английский

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Made in the Womb: Maternal Programming of Offspring Cardiovascular Function by an Obesogenic Womb

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 845 - 845

Published: July 13, 2023

Obesity incidence has been increasing at an alarming rate, especially in women of reproductive age. It is estimated that 50% pregnancies occur overweight or obese women. described maternal obesity (MO) predisposes the offspring to increased risk developing many chronic diseases early stage life, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD main cause death worldwide among men women, it manifested a sex-divergent way. Maternal nutrition MO during gestation could prompt development through adaptations offspring's system womb, cardiac epigenetic persistent metabolic programming signaling pathways modulation mitochondrial function. Currently, despite diet supplementation, effective therapeutical solutions prevent deleterious function by obesogenic womb are lacking. In this review, we discuss mechanisms which intrauterine environment program metabolism way, with special focus on function, debate possible strategies implement pregnancy ameliorate, revert, even effects system. The impact physical exercise pregnancy, nutritional interventions, supplementation discussed, highlighting changes may be favorable health, might result attenuation prevention offspring. objectives manuscript comprehensively examine various aspects explore underlying contribute We review current literature its cardiometabolic health. Furthermore, potential long-term consequences for Understanding multifaceted health crucial healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers develop intervention improve care.

Language: Английский

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Nurturing through Nutrition: Exploring the Role of Antioxidants in Maternal Diet during Pregnancy to Mitigate Developmental Programming of Chronic Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(21), P. 4623 - 4623

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

Chronic diseases represent one of the major causes death worldwide. It has been suggested that pregnancy-related conditions, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), maternal obesity (MO), and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) induce an adverse intrauterine environment, increasing offspring’s predisposition to chronic later in life. Research mitochondrial function oxidative stress may play a role developmental programming diseases. Having this mind, review, we include evidence dysfunction are mechanisms by which GDM, MO, IUGR program offspring In specific context, explore promising advantages antioxidant supplementation using compounds resveratrol, curcumin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Mitoquinone (MitoQ) addressing metabolic associated with fetoplacental health. This approach holds potential mitigate programming-related risk diseases, serving probable intervention for disease prevention.

Language: Английский

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Fenofibrate treatment during lactation prevents liver and adipose tissue associated metabolic dysfunction in a rat model of childhood obesity

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 188, P. 118166 - 118166

Published: May 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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The birth of cardiac disease: Mechanisms linking gestational diabetes mellitus and early onset of cardiovascular disease in offspring

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(4)

Published: March 18, 2022

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest killer worldwide, composing a major economic burden for health care systems. Obesity and diabetes are dual epidemics on rise risk factors predisposing CVD. Increased obesity‐ diabetes‐related incidence now observed among children, adolescents, young adults. Gestational mellitus (GDM) most common metabolic pregnancy disorder, its prevalence rapidly increasing. During pregnancies complicated by GDM, offspring exposed to compromised intrauterine environment characterized hyperglycemic periods. Unfavorable in utero conditions at critical periods of fetal cardiac development can produce developmental adaptations that remodel cardiovascular system way contribute adult‐onset heart due programming during life. Epidemiological studies have reported increased complications GDM‐descendants, highlighting urgent need investigate understand mechanisms modulated GDM‐exposed predispose an individual CVD In this manuscript, we overview previous area gather evidence linking GDM offspring, providing new insights novel contributing from role maternal–fetal interactions their impact development, how perpetuation maintained postnatal life, advance intergenerational implications premature origin. Understanding be first step manage reverse leading cause morbidity mortality. This article categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular Cellular Physiology Metabolic Genetics/Genomics/Epigenetics

Language: Английский

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Environmental Epigenetics and Its Impacts on Disease Susceptibility: A Comprehensive Review

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 8, 2024

Environmental epigenetics, an emerging field, investigates the interplay between environmental factors and epigenetic changes, shaping individual's disease vulnerability. This review highlights associations among genetics, environment, health. epigenetics significantly impacts susceptibility through mechanisms like non-coding RNAs, histone modifications, DNA methylation, responding to external stimuli dynamically interacting with genes. Lifelong imprints, influenced by prenatal early experiences, diet, chemical exposures, lifestyle, dictate health trajectories across lifespan, elevating risk of various illnesses, including cancer, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurological conditions. Major findings demonstrate how antenatal factors—like mother's food stress level—shape fetal programming impact consequences in future. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that pollutants dietary nutrients can modify markers, highlighting crucial role lifestyle decisions have reducing disease. Significantly, notion alterations may be passed down generations raises possibility exposures on for future generations. revolutionizes our understanding gene-environment interactions their etiology. The study concludes revolutionary implications comprehending etiology customizing public approaches, promoting incorporation both genetic components within frameworks. knowledge acquired calls evolution paradigms medicine toward customized care utilizing biomarkers more studies improve therapies lessen harmful exposure environment.

Language: Английский

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Maternal Obesity Alters Placental and Umbilical Cord Plasma Oxidative Stress, a Cross-Sectional Study

Published: Aug. 30, 2024

Maternal obesity has been found to be impaired oxidative status in placenta and newborn which can lead adverse pregnancy outcomes long-term influence on metabolic programming the offspring. This study aimed investigate role of maternal umbilical cord plasma placental adaptation. (n=20) defined as pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 lean < were recruited into this study. Both groups matched by gestational age at delivery. blood, blood tissue collected assess nutritional content (cholesterol, triglyceride, protein), stress marker (MDA protein carbonyl) antioxidant activity (SOD catalase). Placenta expression (SOD2, catalase, UCP2 Nrf2) was evaluated western blot analysis. Catalase significantly increased group (p = 0.0200) with an trend MDA carbonyl levels. Umbilical catalase compared that 0.0462, 0.0485, 0.0348, respectively). Although analysis exhibited significant decreased SOD2 0.0169) 0.0067), accompanied Nrf2 downregulation 0.0453). An mitochondrial expressions observed 0.0143). Hence, our provided evidence is associated fetal parallel expression.

Language: Английский

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