Comorbidity between major depressive disorder and physical diseases: a comprehensive review of epidemiology, mechanisms and management

World Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(3), P. 366 - 387

Published: Sept. 15, 2023

Populations with common physical diseases – such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders experience substantially higher rates of major depressive disorder (MDD) than the general population. On other hand, people living MDD have a greater risk for many diseases. This high level comorbidity is associated worse outcomes, reduced adherence to treatment, increased mortality, health care utilization costs. Comorbidity can also result in range clinical challenges, more complicated therapeutic alliance, issues pertaining adaptive behaviors, drug‐drug interactions adverse events induced by medications used mental disorders. Potential explanations prevalence above involve shared genetic biological pathways. These latter include inflammation, gut microbiome, mitochondrial function energy metabolism, hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis dysregulation, brain structure function. Furthermore, several antecedents related social factors (e.g., socioeconomic status), lifestyle variables activity, diet, sleep), stressful live childhood trauma). Pharmacotherapies psychotherapies are effective treatments comorbid MDD, introduction interventions well collaborative models digital technologies provide promising strategies improving management. paper aims detailed overview epidemiology specific including bidirectional risk; pathways potentially implicated pathogenesis diseases; socio‐environmental that serve both protective factors; management prevention treatment. We conclude future directions emerging research optimal

Language: Английский

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Psychotropic Drug–Related Weight Gain and Its Treatment

American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 181(1), P. 26 - 38

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Psychotropic drug–related weight gain (PDWG) is a common occurrence and highly associated with non-initiation, discontinuation, dissatisfaction psychiatric drugs. Moreover, PDWG intersects the elevated risk for obesity morbidity that has been amply reported in population. Evidence indicates differential liability exists antipsychotics, antidepressants, anticonvulsants. During past two decades, agents within these classes have become available significantly lower or no as such should be prioritized. Although lithium gain, overall extent of than previously estimated. The benefit lifestyle behavioral modification and/or populations established, effectiveness similar to general Metformin most studied pharmacological treatment prevention PDWG, promising data are emerging glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (e.g., liraglutide, exenatide, semaglutide). Most pharmacologic antidotes supported low-confidence topiramate, histamine-2 antagonists). Future vistas include large, adequately controlled studies GLP-1 possibly GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide co-agonists tirzepatide) well specific dietary modifications.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the genetic links between depression and type 2 diabetes

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 137, P. 111258 - 111258

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

Language: Английский

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Clinical insights into the cross-link between mood disorders and type 2 diabetes: A review of longitudinal studies and Mendelian randomisation analyses

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 105298 - 105298

Published: June 28, 2023

Mood disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are prevalent conditions that often co-occur. We reviewed the available evidence from longitudinal Mendelian randomisation (MR) studies on relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar T2DM. The clinical implications of this comorbidity course either condition impact antidepressants, mood stabilisers, antidiabetic drugs were examined. Consistent indicates a bidirectional association T2DM leads to more severe depression, whereas depression is associated with complications higher mortality in MR demonstrated causal effect MDD Europeans, while suggestive opposite direction was found East Asians. Antidepressants, but not lithium, risk long-term, confounders cannot be excluded. Some oral antidiabetics, such as pioglitazone liraglutide, may effective cognitive symptoms. Studies multi-ethnic populations, careful assessment appropriate power, would important.

Language: Английский

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Shared genetics and bidirectional causal relationships between type 2 diabetes and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

General Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(2), P. e100996 - e100996

Published: March 1, 2023

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder with high comorbidity mental disorders. The genetic links between attention-deficit/hyperactivity (ADHD) and T2D have yet to be elucidated.We aim assess shared genetics potential associations ADHD T2D.We performed correlation, two-sample Mendelian randomisation polygenic overlap analyses T2D. genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary results of (80 154 cases 853 816 controls), ADHD2019 (20 183 35 191 controls from the 2019 GWAS dataset) ADHD2022 (38 691 275 986 2022 were used for analyses. dataset was obtained DIAGRAM Consortium. datasets Psychiatric Genomics We compared signals reveal variation using larger dataset. Moreover, molecular pathways constructed based on large-scale literature data understand connection T2D.T2D has positive correlations (rg=0.33) (rg=0.31). Genetic liability associated an increased risk (odds ratio (OR): 1.30, p<0.001), while had suggestive causal effect (OR: p=0.086). higher 1.05, p=0.001) 1.03, p<0.001). analysis showed that most variants are ADHD2022. three overlapping loci. Molecular pathway suggests could promote each other through inflammatory pathways.Our demonstrates substantial bidirectional

Language: Английский

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The interface of depression and diabetes: treatment considerations

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

This state-of-the-art review explores the relationship between depression and diabetes, highlighting two-way influences that make treatment challenging worsen outcomes of both conditions. Depression diabetes often co-occur share genetic, lifestyle, psychosocial risk factors. Lifestyle elements such as diet, physical activity, sleep patterns play a role on development management conditions, need for integrated strategies. The evidence suggests traditional strategies focusing either condition in isolation fall short addressing intertwined nature depression. Instead, care models encompassing psychological support medical are recommended to improve efficacy patient adherence. Such require collaboration across multiple healthcare disciplines, including endocrinology, psychiatry, primary care, offer holistic approach care. also identifies significant patient-related barriers effective management, stigma, resistance, health literacy, which be addressed through patient-centered education systems. Future directions research include longitudinal studies diverse populations further elucidate causal relationships exploration novel therapeutic targets, well effectiveness aimed at preventing onset one individuals diagnosed with other.

Language: Английский

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Mendelian randomization analyses identify bidirectional causal relationships of obesity with psychiatric disorders

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 339, P. 807 - 814

Published: July 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Maternal diabetes and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring in a multinational cohort of 3.6 million mother–child pairs

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(5), P. 1416 - 1423

Published: April 8, 2024

Abstract Previous studies report an association between maternal diabetes mellitus (MDM) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), often overlooking unmeasured confounders such as shared genetics environmental factors. We therefore conducted a multinational cohort study with linked mother–child pairs data in Hong Kong, New Zealand, Taiwan, Finland, Iceland, Norway Sweden to evaluate associations different MDM (any MDM, gestational (GDM) pregestational (PGDM)) ADHD using Cox proportional hazards regression. included over 3.6 million 2001 2014 follow-up until 2020. Children who were born mothers any type of during pregnancy had higher risk than unexposed children (pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.24). Higher risks also observed for both GDM HR 1.10, CI 1.04-1.17) PGDM 1.39, 1.25-1.55). However, siblings discordant exposure similar 1.05, 0.94-1.17), suggesting potential confounding by unmeasured, familial Our findings indicate that there is small-to-moderate ADHD, whereas the unlikely be causal. This finding contrast previous studies, which reported substantially estimates, underscores need reevaluate precise roles hyperglycemia genetic factors relationship ADHD.

Language: Английский

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Phenome-wide investigation of bidirectional causal relationships between major depressive disorder and common human diseases

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 27, 2024

The high comorbidity of major depressive disorder (MDD) with other diseases has been well-documented. However, the pairwise causal connections for MDD comorbid networks are poorly characterized. We performed Phenome-wide Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore bidirectional associations between (N = 807,553) and 877 common from FinnGen datasets 377,277). inverse variance weighting method was primary technique, methods (weighted median MR-Egger) were used sensitivity analyses. Our MR showed that genetic liability is causally associated risks 324 disease phenotypes (average b: 0.339), including 46 psychiatric behavioral disorders 0.618), 18 neurological 0.348), 44 respiratory 0.345), 40 digestive 0.281), circulatory 0.237), 37 genitourinary 0.271), 66 musculoskeletal connective 0.326), 22 endocrine 0.302), others. In a reverse analysis, total 51 components predisposing various risk 0.086), 5 infectious 0.056), 11 0.106), 14 oncological 0.108), 0.114). Bidirectional identified 15 diseases. For most analyses, little evidence heterogeneity pleiotropy detected. findings confirmed extensive significant role predisposition in contributing human phenotypes, which more pronounced than those seen analysis influences on MDD.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Capsaicin Exacerbates Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Mental Disorders in Type 1 Diabetes Mice

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 593 - 593

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Background/Objectives: Diabetes mellitus is often accompanied by mental health complications, including anxiety, depression, and cognitive decline. Recent research suggested that capsaicin, the active component of chili peppers, may influence health. This study aimed to determine effect dietary capsaicin on disorders in a type 1 diabetes (T1D) mouse model, while also exploring potential involvement microbiota-gut-brain axis. Methods: We induced T1D mice using streptozotocin (STZ) administered diet supplemented with 0.005% for five weeks. Behavioral assessments, open field test (OFT), tail suspension (TST), forced swimming (FST), elevated plus maze (EPM) test, Morris water (MWM) were conducted evaluate depressive anxiety-like behaviors as well function. Targeted untargeted metabolomics analyses performed assess neurotransmitter levels hippocampus serum metabolites, 16S rRNA sequencing was utilized analyze gut microbiota composition. Intestinal barriers determined western blot detection tight junction proteins ZO-1 occludin. Results: Dietary exacerbated anxiety depressive-like along declines mice. Capsaicin reduced diversity beneficial bacteria, broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment further intensified depression behaviors. Metabolomic analysis indicated disrupted metabolic pathways related tryptophan phenylalanine, leading decreased neuroprotective such kynurenic acid, hippurate, butyric acid. Additionally, diminished expression occludin, indicating increased intestinal permeability. Conclusions: aggravates disturbances diabetic mice, thereby worsening

Language: Английский

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