The effects of temperature on aerobic metabolism: towards a mechanistic understanding of the responses of ectotherms to a changing environment

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 218(12), P. 1856 - 1866

Published: June 1, 2015

ABSTRACT Because of its profound effects on the rates biological processes such as aerobic metabolism, environmental temperature plays an important role in shaping distribution and abundance species. As increases, rate metabolism increases then rapidly declines at higher temperatures – a response that can be described using thermal performance curve (TPC). Although shape TPC for is often attributed to competing thermodynamics, which Arrhenius equation, protein stability, this account represents over-simplification factors acting even level single proteins. In addition, it cannot adequately complex multistep processes, rely mechanisms across multiple levels organization. The purpose review explore our current understanding acute changes temperature, highlight areas where weak or insufficient. Developing more strongly grounded mechanistic model crucial because these TPCs are foundation several recent attempts predict responses species climate change, including metabolic theory ecology hypothesis oxygen capacity-limited tolerance.

Language: Английский

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Behavioural effects of temperature on ectothermic animals: unifying thermal physiology and behavioural plasticity

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 92(4), P. 1859 - 1876

Published: Nov. 7, 2016

ABSTRACT Temperature imposes significant constraints on ectothermic animals, and these organisms have evolved numerous adaptations to respond constraints. While the impacts of temperature physiology ectotherms been extensively studied, there are currently no frameworks available that outline multiple often simultaneous pathways by which can affect behaviour. Drawing from literature insects, we propose a unified framework should apply all generalizing temperature's behavioural effects into: (1) kinetic effects, resulting bottom‐up constraining influence metabolism neurophysiology over range timescales (from short long term), (2) integrated where top‐down integration thermal information intentionally initiates or modifies behaviour (behavioural thermoregulation, orientation, thermosensory adjustments). We discuss difficulty in distinguishing adaptive changes when observing animals' responses temperature. then two complementary approaches distinguish constraints, categorize behaviours according our framework: ( i ) ‘kinetic null modelling’ behaviour; ii ecology experiments using temperature‐insensitive mutants. Our help guide future research complex relationship between animals.

Language: Английский

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The ecological forecast horizon, and examples of its uses and determinants

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 18(7), P. 597 - 611

Published: May 7, 2015

Forecasts of ecological dynamics in changing environments are increasingly important, and available for a plethora variables, such as species abundance distribution, community structure ecosystem processes. There is, however, general absence knowledge about how far into the future, or other dimensions (space, temperature, phylogenetic distance), useful forecasts can be made, features systems relate to these distances. The forecast horizon is dimensional distance which made. Five case studies illustrate influence various sources uncertainty (e.g. parameter uncertainty, environmental variation, demographic stochasticity evolution), level organisation population community), organismal properties body size number trophic links) on temporal, spatial horizons. Insights from demonstrate that flexible powerful tool researching communicating predictability. It also has potential motivating guiding agenda setting forecasting research development.

Language: Английский

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Food web rewiring in a changing world

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 345 - 354

Published: Feb. 11, 2019

Language: Английский

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Climate Change, Nutrition, and Bottom-Up and Top-Down Food Web Processes

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 31(12), P. 965 - 975

Published: Oct. 11, 2016

Language: Английский

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Tropical rabbitfish and the deforestation of a warming temperate sea

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 102(6), P. 1518 - 1527

Published: Sept. 1, 2014

Summary A striking example of climate‐mediated range shifts in marine systems is the intrusion tropical species into temperate areas world‐wide, but we know very little about ecological consequences these expansions. In Mediterranean Sea, expansion rabbitfishes that first entered basin via Suez Canal provides a good how herbivorous fish can impact structure rocky bottoms seas. Two have now become dominant component total biomass southernmost part eastern Mediterranean. Experimental evidence shows profoundly transform benthic communities, turning algal forests ‘barrens’, specific mechanisms facilitate this shift not been established. We surveyed ˜1000 km coastline and identified two clearly distinct areas, warmer group regions with abundant rabbitfish colder where consumers were absent/ extremely rare. rabbitfish, canopy algae 65% less abundant, there was 60% reduction overall (algae invertebrates) 40% decrease richness. Video‐recorded feeding experiments showed extensive barrens characteristic due to greater rates herbivory by consumers, rather functional differences among herbivores. Temperate displayed greatest macroalgae consumption overall, they fed exclusively on established adult macroalgae. contrast, rabbitfishes, complementarily both epilithic matrix, which typically contains macroalgal recruits. Synthesis . Range‐shifting severely reduce biodiversity reefs at scale hundreds kilometres. from dominance mediated addition functionally diverse herbivores characterize reefs. This work highlights importance assessing traits range‐shifting determine potential communities.

Language: Английский

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The effects of climatic fluctuations and extreme events on running water ecosystems

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 371(1694), P. 20150274 - 20150274

Published: April 26, 2016

Most research on the effects of environmental change in freshwaters has focused incremental changes average conditions, rather than fluctuations or extreme events such as heatwaves, cold snaps, droughts, floods wildfires, which may have even more profound consequences. Such are commonly predicted to increase frequency, intensity and duration with global climate change, many systems being exposed conditions no recent historical precedent. We propose a mechanistic framework for predicting potential impacts running-water ecosystems by scaling up from individuals entire ecosystems. This requires integration four key components: environment individual metabolism, metabolic biomechanical constraints fluctuating species interactions, assembly dynamics local food webs, mapping meta-community onto ecosystem function. illustrate developing mathematical model dynamically assembling webs. highlight (currently limited) empirical evidence emerging insights theoretical predictions. For example, widely supported predictions about are: high vulnerability per capita demands large-bodied ones at top webs; simplification web network structure impaired energetic transfer efficiency; reduced resilience top-down relative bottom-up regulation processes. conclude identifying questions challenges that need be addressed develop accurate predictive bio-assessments fluctuations, implications management practices an increasingly uncertain world.

Language: Английский

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A framework for integrating thermal biology into fragmentation research

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 361 - 374

Published: Feb. 19, 2016

Abstract Habitat fragmentation changes thermal conditions in remnant patches, and strongly influence organism morphology, distribution, activity patterns. However, few studies explore temperature as a mechanism driving ecological responses to fragmentation. Here we offer conceptual framework that integrates biology into research better understand individual, species, community, ecosystem‐level Specifically, the addresses how effects of those spread through ecosystem, from response via sensitivity, species distribution patterns, shifts community structure following species' responses, ultimately ecosystem functions. We place strong emphasis on future directions by outlining “Critical gaps” for each step framework. Empirical efforts apply test this promise new understanding fragmentation's consequences strategies conservation an increasingly fragmented warmer world.

Language: Английский

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Effects of warming on predator–prey interactions – a resource‐based approach and a theoretical synthesis

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. 513 - 523

Published: March 7, 2017

We theoretically explore consequences of warming for predator-prey dynamics, broadening previous approaches in three ways: we include beyond-optimal temperatures, predators may have a type III functional response, and prey carrying capacity depends on explicitly modelled resources. Several robust patterns arise. The relationship between temperature can range from near-independence to monotonically declining/increasing hump-shaped. Predators persist U-shaped region resource supply (=enrichment)-temperature space. Type II responses yield stable persistence band inside this region, giving way limit cycles with enrichment at all temperatures. In contrast, convey stability intermediate temperatures confine low high Warming-induced state shifts be predicted system trajectories crossing boundaries enrichment-temperature Results earlier studies more restricted assumptions map onto graph as special cases. Our approach thus provides unifying framework understanding effects trophic dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Optimum growth temperature declines with body size within fish species

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(7), P. 2259 - 2271

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

According to the temperature-size rule, warming of aquatic ecosystems is generally predicted increase individual growth rates but reduce asymptotic body sizes ectotherms. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding how and key processes affecting it, such as consumption metabolism, depend on both temperature mass within species. This limits our ability inform models, link experimental data observed patterns, advance mechanistic food web models. To examine combined effects size growth, well between maximum consumption, conducted systematic review compiled fishes from 52 studies that treatments. By fitting hierarchical models accounting for variation species, estimated metabolic rate scale jointly with We found whole-organism increases more slowly than unimodal over full range, which leads prediction optimum temperatures decline size. Using an independent dataset, confirmed this negative relationship Small individuals given population may, therefore, exhibit increased initial warming, whereas larger conspecifics could be first experience impacts growth. These findings help dynamics improve climate affects structure

Language: Английский

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