Creation of forest edges has a global impact on forest vertebrates

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 551(7679), P. 187 - 191

Published: Oct. 31, 2017

Language: Английский

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Evolution of dispersal strategies and dispersal syndromes in fragmented landscapes

Ecography, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 40(1), P. 56 - 73

Published: Nov. 1, 2016

Habitat fragmentation, an important element of current global change, has profound repercussions on population and species extinction. Landscape fragmentation reduces individual movements between patches (i.e. dispersal) while such connecting enhance the persistence metapopulations metacommunities. Through recognition non‐random movements, dispersal recently been recognized as a highly complex process. This complexity likely changes predictions evolution in spatially structured populations communities. In this article, we emphasize effects dispersal. may shape local selective pressures acting large array phenotypic traits known to covary with behaviors. On top propensity, habitat could therefore modify syndromes dispersers' specializations). often leads spatial structuring conditions consequently lead different at landscape scale. By neglecting impacts syndromes, might underestimate crucial biodiversity level for metapopulation metacommunity functioning. We highlight set priorities future empirical theoretical work that together would provide understanding eco‐evolutionary dynamics required improving our ability predict manage

Language: Английский

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Storms, temperature maxima and the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus—An infernal trio in Norway spruce forests of the Central European High Tatra Mountains

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 242, P. 85 - 95

Published: May 3, 2017

Language: Английский

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Thermal biology mediates responses of amphibians and reptiles to habitat modification

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 345 - 355

Published: Jan. 4, 2018

Abstract Human activities often replace native forests with warmer, modified habitats that represent novel thermal environments for biodiversity. Reducing biodiversity loss hinges upon identifying which species are most sensitive to the environmental conditions result from habitat modification. Drawing on case studies and a meta‐analysis, we examined whether observed modelled traits, including heat tolerances, variation in body temperatures, evaporative water loss, explained sensitivity of ectotherms Low tolerances lizards amphibians high were associated increased modification, explaining more than non‐thermal traits. Heat alone 24–66% (mean = 38%) responses, these trends largely consistent across geographic locations spatial scales. As modification alters local microclimates, biology will likely play key role reassembly terrestrial communities.

Language: Английский

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A pantropical analysis of the impacts of forest degradation and conversion on local temperature

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 7(19), P. 7897 - 7908

Published: Aug. 30, 2017

Abstract Temperature is a core component of species' fundamental niche. At the fine scale over which most organisms experience climate (mm to ha), temperature depends upon amount radiation reaching Earth's surface, principally governed by vegetation. Tropical regions have undergone widespread and extreme changes vegetation, particularly through degradation conversion rainforests. As terrestrial biodiversity in tropics, many these species possess narrow thermal limits, it important identify local impacts rainforest conversion. We collected pantropical, site‐level (<1 ha) data from literature quantify land‐use change on temperatures, examine whether this relationship differed aboveground relative belowground between wet dry seasons. found that our sample sites was higher than primary forest all human‐impacted types (N = 113,894 daytime measurements 25 studies). Warming pronounced following agricultural land (minimum +1.6°C, maximum +13.6°C), but minimal nonsignificant when compared (e.g., selective logging; minimum +1°C, +1.1°C). The effect buffered buffering 0°C, 11.4°C), whereas seasonality had impact (maximum 1.9°C). conclude forest‐dependent persist experienced substantial warming. Deforestation pushes closer their making more likely compounding effects future perturbations, such as severe droughts global warming, will exceed tolerances. By contrast, degraded forests habitats may provide refugia for thermally restricted landscapes dominated land.

Language: Английский

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Does forest fragmentation cause an increase in forest temperature?

Ecological Research, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 81 - 88

Published: Nov. 15, 2016

Language: Английский

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Local climatic changes affect biodiversity responses to land use: A review

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 76 - 92

Published: Oct. 22, 2019

Abstract Aim Climate and land‐use change, the greatest pressures on biodiversity, can directly influence each other. One key case is impact change has local climatic conditions: human‐altered areas are often warmer drier than natural habitats. This have multiple impacts biodiversity a rapidly developing field of research. Here, we summarize current state understanding that changes responses to in particular looking at whether land uses favour species with certain niches. Location Global. Methods We review studies identified links between species' niches habitats/land‐use types they inhabit. also critically discuss methods used explore this topic (such as estimation fundamental vs. realized niches), identify knowledge gaps by reference related macroecological literature make suggestions for further work. Results Assemblages vertebrate invertebrate numerous human‐dominated been found higher proportions individuals affiliated temperatures lower precipitation levels assemblages within However, uncertainty surrounds mechanisms underlie these observed differences communities across types, it remains unexplored trends differ geographically or taxonomically. Main conclusion Shifts being with, average, A better effects associated will enhance our ability predict future most risk from interactions climate set up suitable management conservation plans.

Language: Английский

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Lizards paid a greater opportunity cost to thermoregulate in a less heterogeneous environment

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 856 - 865

Published: Nov. 16, 2016

Summary The theory of thermoregulation has developed slowly, hampering efforts to predict how individuals can buffer climate change through behaviour. Mixed results field and laboratory experiments underscore the need test hypotheses about explicitly, while measuring costs benefits in different thermal landscapes. We simulated body temperature energy expenditure a virtual lizard that either thermoregulates optimally or thermoconforms landscape low high quality (one four basking sites, respectively). then compare predicted values each with observed for real lizards experimental arenas. Lizards thermoregulated more accurately high‐quality than they did on low‐quality landscape, albeit only slightly so, but spent similar amounts these Basking, rather shuttling between heat sources, accounted majority consumed both These not support predictions our model. In intensely despite potential save by thermoconforming. moved expected, suggesting explored their surroundings being able thermoregulate without doing so. Our suggest non‐energetic drive thermoregulatory behaviour costly environments, missed opportunities arising from thermoregulation. propose energetic associated movement will become substantial homogeneous environments such as flat plains dense forests. should incorporate aspects if biologists wish responses ectotherms changing climates habitats. A lay summary is available this article.

Language: Английский

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A global assessment of primate responses to landscape structure

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 94(5), P. 1605 - 1618

Published: May 3, 2019

ABSTRACT Land‐use change modifies the spatial structure of terrestrial landscapes, potentially shaping distribution, abundance and diversity remaining species assemblages. Non‐human primates can be particularly vulnerable to landscape disturbances, but our understanding this topic is far from complete. Here we reviewed all available studies on primates' responses structure. We found 34 71 primate (24 genera 10 families) that used a approach. Most (82%) were Neotropical forests, with howler monkeys being most frequently studied taxon (56% studies). All one site‐landscape or patch‐landscape study design, (34% studies) measured variables within given radius edge focal patches. Altogether, reported 188 17 landscape‐scale metrics. However, majority (62%) quantified predictors single scale, missing significant primate–landscape responses. To assess such accurately, metrics need at optimal i.e. extent which relationship strongest (so‐called ‘scale effect’). Only 21% calculated scale effect through multiscale approaches. Interestingly, vast do not mainly null effects primates, while based scales These primarily composition rather than configuration variables. In particular, generally show positive increasing forest cover, quality indices matrix permeability. By contrast, weak configuration. addition, half showing did control for cover. As are often correlated means documented may simply driven by loss. Our findings suggest loss (not fragmentation) major threat thus, preventing deforestation (e.g. creation reserves) cover restoration critically needed mitigate impact land‐use closest relatives. Increasing functionality also critical, instance promoting anthropogenic land covers similar habitat.

Language: Английский

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Climate and land-use changes interact to drive long-term reorganization of riverine fish communities globally

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(27)

Published: June 21, 2021

As climate change unfolds, changes in population dynamics and species distribution ranges are expected to fundamentally reshuffle communities worldwide. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms extent community reorganization remains elusive. This is particularly true riverine systems, which simultaneously exposed changing temperature streamflow, where land-use continues be major driver biodiversity loss. Here, we use most compilation fish abundance time series date provide global synthesis climate- LU-induced effects on biota with respect thermal streamflow affinities. We demonstrate that increasingly dominated by thermophilic (warm-water) limnophilic (slow-water) species. Despite being consistent trends water observed over recent decades, these appear largely decoupled from each other show wide spatial variation. further reveal synergy among land use-related drivers, such thermophilization heightened more human-modified systems. Importantly, experience flow regimes approach or exceed their tolerance thresholds (high sensitivity), as well species-poor (low resilience), also display faster rates compositional change. research illustrates quantifying vulnerability systems requires broadening narrower focus integrative approaches account for spatially varying multifaceted sensitivity organisms interactive temperature, hydrology, anthropogenic changes.

Language: Английский

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