Forest microclimate dynamics drive plant responses to warming

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6492), P. 772 - 775

Published: May 14, 2020

Local factors restrain forest warming Microclimates are key to understanding how organisms and ecosystems respond macroclimate change, yet they frequently neglected when studying biotic responses global change. Zellweger et al. provide a long-term, continental-scale assessment of the effects micro- on community composition European forests (see Perspective by Lembrechts Nijs). They show that changes in canopy cover fundamentally important for driving climate Closed canopies buffer against macroclimatic change through their cooling effect, slowing shifts composition, whereas open tend accelerate local heating effects. Science , this issue p. 772 ; see also 711

Language: Английский

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Designing optimal human‐modified landscapes for forest biodiversity conservation

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 23(9), P. 1404 - 1420

Published: June 15, 2020

Agriculture and development transform forest ecosystems to human-modified landscapes. Decades of research in ecology have generated myriad concepts for the appropriate management these Yet, are often contradictory apply at different spatial scales, making design biodiversity-friendly landscapes challenging. Here, we combine with empirical support optimal landscape scenarios forest-dwelling species. The supported indicate that appropriately sized should contain ≥ 40% cover, although higher percentages likely needed tropics. Forest cover be configured c. 10% a very large patch, remaining 30% many evenly dispersed smaller patches semi-natural treed elements (e.g. vegetation corridors). Importantly, embedded high-quality matrix. proposed represent an compromise between delivery goods services humans preserving most wildlife, can therefore guide preservation restoration strategies.

Language: Английский

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Seasonal drivers of understorey temperature buffering in temperate deciduous forests across Europe

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 28(12), P. 1774 - 1786

Published: Aug. 22, 2019

Forest understorey microclimates are often buffered against extreme heat or cold, with important implications for the organisms living in these environments. We quantified seasonal effects of microclimate predictors describing canopy structure, composition and topography (i.e., local factors) forest patch size distance to coast landscape factors).Temperate forests Europe.2017-2018.Woody plants.We combined data from a sensor network weather-station records calculate difference, offset, between temperatures measured inside outside forests. used regression analysis study factors on offset minimum, mean maximum temperatures.The temperature during summer was average cooler by 2.1 °C than forests, minimum winter spring were 0.4 0.9 warmer. The cover strong nonlinear driver summer, we found increased cooling beneath tree species that cast deepest shade. Seasonal offsets mainly regulated topographic features, such as position.Forest experience less severe extremes suggested currently available macroclimate data; therefore, climate-species relationships responses anthropogenic global warming cannot be modelled accurately using alone. Changes will strongly modulate understories, understanding biodiversity functioning threats land-use change climate change. Our predictive models generally applicable across lowland temperate deciduous providing ecologically understories.

Language: Английский

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Life history, climate and biogeography interactively affect worldwide genetic diversity of plant and animal populations

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2021

Abstract Understanding how biological and environmental factors interactively shape the global distribution of plant animal genetic diversity is fundamental to biodiversity conservation. Genetic measured in local populations (GD P ) correspondingly assumed representative for population fitness eco-evolutionary dynamics. For 8356 across globe, we report that plants systematically display much lower GD than animals, life history traits patterns both directly (animal longevity size), indirectly by mediating core-periphery fecundity dispersal). Particularly some groups, peripheral can sustain similar as core populations, emphasizing their potential conservation value. We further find surprisingly weak support general latitudinal trends. Finally, contemporary rather past climate contributes spatial , suggesting changes affect . Our findings generate new perspectives resources at worldwide taxonomic-wide scales.

Language: Английский

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Temperatures that sterilize males better match global species distributions than lethal temperatures

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 481 - 484

Published: May 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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A global assessment of amphibian and reptile responses to land-use changes

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 253, P. 108863 - 108863

Published: Nov. 25, 2020

Language: Английский

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Reptile responses to anthropogenic habitat modification: A global meta‐analysis

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1265 - 1279

Published: March 20, 2020

Abstract Aim The aim was to determine how reptile populations respond anthropogenic habitat modification and whether species traits environmental factors influence such responses. Location Global. Time period 1981–2018. Major taxa studied Squamata. Methods We compiled a database of 56 studies reporting affects abundance calculated standardized mean differences in (Hedges’ g ). used Bayesian meta‐analytical models test responses depended on body size, clutch reproductive mode, specialization, range disturbance type, vegetation temperature precipitation. Results Based 815 effect sizes from 376 species, we found an overall negative (mean Hedges’ = −0.43, 95% credible intervals −0.61 −0.26). Reptile was, average, one‐third lower modified compared with unmodified habitats. Small small were associated more modification, although the weak overlapped zero. detected no effects mode (egg‐laying or live‐bearing), Some families exhibited than others, there phylogenetic signal data. Mining had most impacts abundance, followed by agriculture, grazing, plantations patch size reduction, whereas logging neutral. Main conclusions Habitat is key cause population declines, variability both within between types. type appeared be related intensity modification. Ongoing development environmentally sustainable practices that ameliorate urgently needed prevent declines populations.

Language: Английский

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Phylogenetic homogenization of amphibian assemblages in human-altered habitats across the globe

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(15)

Published: March 19, 2018

Significance Widespread conversion of natural habitats to human land use creates evolutionarily novel environments and causes declines native species. Stemming biodiversity loss requires an understanding why some species persist while others decline in these habitats. We analyzed survey data amphibian from around the globe determine whether closely related respond similarly habitat conversion. find that converted tend come same clades within tree life by favoring widely distributed clades, leads nonrandom extirpations evolutionary history. Our results show identity winners losers during Anthropocene can be tightly linked their

Language: Английский

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A quantitative review of abundance‐based species distribution models

Ecography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2022(1)

Published: Dec. 15, 2021

The contributions of species to ecosystem functions or services depend not only on their presence but also local abundance. Progress in predictive spatial modelling has largely focused occurrence rather than As such, limited guidance exists the most reliable methods explain and predict variation We analysed performance 68 abundance‐based distribution models fitted 800 000 standardised abundance records for more terrestrial bird reef fish species. found a large amount models. While many performed poorly, subset consistently reconstructed range‐wide patterns. best predictions were obtained using random forests frequently encountered abundant within same environmental domain as model calibration. Extending outside conditions used training generated poor predictions. Thus, interpolation abundances between observations can help improve understanding patterns, our results indicate extrapolated under changing climate have much greater uncertainty. Our synthesis provides road map key property distributions that underpins theoretical applied questions ecology conservation.

Language: Английский

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Local climatic changes affect biodiversity responses to land use: A review

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 76 - 92

Published: Oct. 22, 2019

Abstract Aim Climate and land‐use change, the greatest pressures on biodiversity, can directly influence each other. One key case is impact change has local climatic conditions: human‐altered areas are often warmer drier than natural habitats. This have multiple impacts biodiversity a rapidly developing field of research. Here, we summarize current state understanding that changes responses to in particular looking at whether land uses favour species with certain niches. Location Global. Methods We review studies identified links between species' niches habitats/land‐use types they inhabit. also critically discuss methods used explore this topic (such as estimation fundamental vs. realized niches), identify knowledge gaps by reference related macroecological literature make suggestions for further work. Results Assemblages vertebrate invertebrate numerous human‐dominated been found higher proportions individuals affiliated temperatures lower precipitation levels assemblages within However, uncertainty surrounds mechanisms underlie these observed differences communities across types, it remains unexplored trends differ geographically or taxonomically. Main conclusion Shifts being with, average, A better effects associated will enhance our ability predict future most risk from interactions climate set up suitable management conservation plans.

Language: Английский

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