Triggers of tree mortality under drought

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 558(7711), P. 531 - 539

Published: June 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Abscisic acid dynamics, signaling, and functions in plants

Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 62(1), P. 25 - 54

Published: Dec. 18, 2019

Abstract Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. It has essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, such as stomatal closure, cuticular wax accumulation, leaf senescence, bud dormancy, seed germination, osmotic regulation, growth inhibition among many others. controls downstream responses to abiotic biotic environmental changes through both transcriptional posttranscriptional mechanisms. During the past 20 years, ABA biosynthesis its signaling pathways have been well characterized. Here we review dynamics metabolic pools that affects functions.

Language: Английский

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A first assessment of the impact of the extreme 2018 summer drought on Central European forests

Basic and Applied Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 45, P. 86 - 103

Published: April 29, 2020

In 2018, Central Europe experienced one of the most severe and long-lasting summer drought heat wave ever recorded. Before 2003 millennial was often invoked as example a "hotter drought", classified event in for last 500 years. First insights now confirm that 2018 climatically more extreme had greater impact on forest ecosystems Austria, Germany Switzerland than drought. Across this region, mean growing season air temperature from April to October 3.3°C above long-term average, 1.2°C warmer 2003. Here, we present first assessment heatwave European forests. response event, ecologically economically important tree species temperate forests showed signs stress. These symptoms included exceptionally low foliar water potentials crossing threshold xylem hydraulic failure many observations widespread leaf discoloration premature shedding. As result stress, caused unprecedented drought-induced mortality throughout region. Moreover, unexpectedly strong drought-legacy effects were detected 2019. This implies physiological recovery trees impaired after leaving them highly vulnerable secondary impacts such insect or fungal pathogen attacks. consequence, triggered by events is likely continue several Our indicates common are waves previously thought. occur frequently with progression climate change, might approach point substantial ecological economic transition. also highlights urgent need pan-European ground-based monitoring network suited track individual mortality, supported remote sensing products high spatial temporal resolution track, analyse forecast these transitions.

Language: Английский

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Hanging by a thread? Forests and drought

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6488), P. 261 - 266

Published: April 16, 2020

Trees are the living foundations on which most terrestrial biodiversity is built. Central to success of trees their woody bodies, connect elevated photosynthetic canopies with essential belowground activities water and nutrient acquisition. The slow construction these carbon-dense, skeletons leads a generation time, leaving forests highly susceptible rapid changes in climate. Other long-lived, sessile organisms such as corals appear be poorly equipped survive changes, raises questions about vulnerability contemporary future climate change. emerging view that, similar corals, tree species have rather inflexible damage thresholds, particularly terms stress, especially concerning. This Review examines recent progress our understanding how looks for growing hotter drier atmosphere.

Language: Английский

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Hydraulic diversity of forests regulates ecosystem resilience during drought

Nature, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 561(7724), P. 538 - 541

Published: Sept. 18, 2018

Language: Английский

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Challenges for drought assessment in the Mediterranean region under future climate scenarios

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 210, P. 103348 - 103348

Published: Sept. 6, 2020

Language: Английский

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How do stomata respond to water status?

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 224(1), P. 21 - 36

Published: May 9, 2019

Summary Stomatal responses to humidity, soil moisture and other factors that influence plant water status are critical drivers of photosynthesis, productivity, yield, ecohydrology climate forcing, yet we still lack a thorough mechanistic understanding these responses. Here I review historical recent advances in stomatal relations. Clear evidence now implicates metabolically mediated response leaf (‘hydroactive feedback’) evaporative demand drought, possibly involving abscisic acid production leaves. Other hypothetical mechanisms vapor heat transport within leaves may contribute light temperature responses, but require further theoretical clarification experimental validation. Variation dynamics hydraulic conductance, particularly leaves, Continuing research fully resolve should focus on several areas: validating quantifying the mechanism leaf‐based hydroactive feedback, identifying where is actively sensed, clarifying role energy humidity verifying foundational minimally replicated results hydromechanics across species. Clarity matters promises deliver modelers with tractable reliable model status.

Language: Английский

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Global field observations of tree die-off reveal hotter-drought fingerprint for Earth’s forests

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: April 5, 2022

Abstract Earth’s forests face grave challenges in the Anthropocene, including hotter droughts increasingly associated with widespread forest die-off events. But despite vital importance of to global ecosystem services, their fates a warming world remain highly uncertain. Lacking is quantitative determination commonality climate anomalies pulses tree mortality—from published, field-documented mortality events—required for understanding role extreme events overall patterns. Here we established geo-referenced database documenting climate-induced spanning all tree-supporting biomes and continents, from 154 peer-reviewed studies since 1970. Our analysis quantifies “hotter-drought fingerprint” these tree-mortality sites—effectively drier signal mortality—across 675 locations encompassing 1,303 plots. Frequency observed mortality-year conditions strongly increases nonlinearly under projected warming. also provides initial footing further community-developed, quantitative, ground-based monitoring mortality.

Language: Английский

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On the minimum leaf conductance: its role in models of plant water use, and ecological and environmental controls

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 221(2), P. 693 - 705

Published: Aug. 25, 2018

Contents Summary 693 I. Introduction II. Comparison of various definitions and measurement techniques minimum conductance 694 III. Cuticular 695 IV. Contribution stomata 696 V. Environmental ecological variation in VI. Use models 698 VII. Conclusions 703 Acknowledgements References When the rate photosynthesis is greatly diminished, such as during severe drought, extreme temperature or low light, it seems advantageous for plants to close completely halt water loss. However, loss continues through cuticle incompletely closed stomata, together constituting leaf ( g min ). In this review, we critically evaluate sources , quantitatively compare methods its estimation, illustrate role gas exchange. A literature compilation measured by weight detached leaves presented, which shows much trait, not clearly related species groups, climate origin type. Much evidence points idea that highly responsive growing conditions plant, including soil availability, air humidity – further demonstrate with two case studies. We pay special attention Ball–Berry model stomatal conductance, caution against usual regression‐based method estimation. The synthesis presented here provides guidelines use ecosystem models, clear research gaps drought tolerance trait.

Language: Английский

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Iso/Anisohydry: A Plant–Environment Interaction Rather Than a Simple Hydraulic Trait

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 112 - 120

Published: Dec. 6, 2017

Language: Английский

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