Storm impacts on phytoplankton community dynamics in lakes

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 2756 - 2784

Published: March 5, 2020

Abstract In many regions across the globe, extreme weather events such as storms have increased in frequency, intensity, and duration due to climate change. Ecological theory predicts that should large impacts on ecosystem structure function. High winds precipitation associated with can affect lakes via short‐term runoff from watersheds physical mixing of water column. addition, connected rivers streams will also experience flushing high flow rates. Although we a well‐developed understanding how wind alter lake processes some aspects biogeochemical cycling, our mechanistic emergent responses phytoplankton communities is poor. Here provide comprehensive synthesis identifies interact watershed attributes their antecedent conditions generate changes chemical environments. Such restructure dynamics, well result altered ecological function (e.g., carbon, nutrient energy cycling) short‐ long‐term. We summarize current storm‐induced identify knowledge gaps systematic review literature, suggest future research directions gradient types environmental conditions.

Language: Английский

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Origin and status of Culex pipiens mosquito ecotypes

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 32(5), P. R237 - R246

Published: March 1, 2022

The northern house mosquito Culex pipiens sensu stricto is one of the most important disease vector mosquitoes in temperate zones across hemisphere, responsible for emergence West Nile Virus over last two decades. It comprises ecologically distinct forms — an aboveground form, pipiens, diapauses winter and primarily bites birds, while a belowground molestus, thrives year-round subways, basements other human-made, habitats, mammals, can even lay eggs without blood meal. hybridize some but not all places, leading to complex ecological mosaic that complicates predictions vectorial capacity. Moreover, origin molestus contentious, with iconic populations from London Underground subway system being held up by evolutionary biologists as preeminent example rapid, situ, urban adaptation speciation. We review recent historical literature on ecology this its enigmatic forms. A synthesis genetic studies spanning 100+ years clarifies striking latitudinal gradient behaviorally divergent reproductively isolated Europe gradually break down into what appear be well-mixed, intermediate North Africa. continuous narrative thread dating back original description form Egypt 1775 refutes popular idea evolved situ their counterparts. These are more likely derived Middle East, where human-biting adaptations human environments may have timescale millennia rather than centuries. outline several areas future work discuss implications these patterns public health our understanding Anthropocene.

Language: Английский

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Microbiome composition shapes rapid genomic adaptation ofDrosophila melanogaster

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(40), P. 20025 - 20032

Published: Sept. 16, 2019

Population genomic data has revealed patterns of genetic variation associated with adaptation in many taxa. Yet understanding the adaptive process that drives such is challenging; it requires disentangling ecological agents selection, determining relevant timescales over which evolution occurs, and elucidating architecture adaptation. Doing so for hosts to their microbiome particular interest growing recognition importance complexity host-microbe interactions. Here, we track pace an experimental manipulation replicate populations Drosophila melanogaster field mesocosms. Shifts composition altered population dynamics led divergence between treatments allele frequencies, regions showing strong found on all chromosomes. Moreover, at divergent loci previously across natural populations, more common fly experimentally enriched a certain microbial group was also high relative abundance group. These results suggest microbiomes may be agent selection shapes pattern and, broadly, single factor within complex environment can drive rapid, polygenic short timescales.

Language: Английский

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Eco‐evolutionary dynamics of range expansion

Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 101(10)

Published: July 22, 2020

Abstract Understanding the movement of species’ ranges is a classic ecological problem that takes on urgency in this era global change. Historically treated as purely process, range expansion now understood to involve eco‐evolutionary feedbacks due spatial genetic structure emerges populations spread. We synthesize empirical and theoretical work dynamics expansion, with emphasis bridging directional, deterministic processes favor evolved increases dispersal demographic traits stochastic lead random fixation alleles traits. develop framework for understanding joint influence these changing mean variance speed its underlying Our synthesis recent laboratory experiments supports consistent role evolution accelerating average, highlights unexpected diversity how can variability speed: results not well predicted by current theory. discuss evaluate support three classes modifiers (landscape context, trait genetics, biotic interactions), identify emerging themes, suggest new directions future field stands increase relevance move response

Language: Английский

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A Whole-Genome Scan for Association with Invasion Success in the Fruit Fly Drosophila suzukii Using Contrasts of Allele Frequencies Corrected for Population Structure

Molecular Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 37(8), P. 2369 - 2385

Published: April 11, 2020

Abstract Evidence is accumulating that evolutionary changes are not only common during biological invasions but may also contribute directly to invasion success. The genomic basis of such still largely unexplored. Yet, understanding the response help predict conditions under which invasiveness can be enhanced or suppressed. Here, we characterized genome spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii worldwide this pest insect species, by conducting a genome-wide association study identify genes involved in adaptive processes invasion. Genomic data from 22 population samples were analyzed detect genetic variants associated with status (invasive versus native) sampled populations based on newly developed statistic, called C2, contrasts allele frequencies corrected for structure. We evaluated new statistical framework using simulated sets and implemented it an upgraded version program BayPass. identified relatively small set single-nucleotide polymorphisms show highly significant invasive D. populations. In particular, two genes, RhoGEF64C cpo, contained significantly separate main routes suzukii. Our methodological approaches applied any other more generally model species nonequilibrium demographic binary covariables interest defined at level.

Language: Английский

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From Nucleotides to Satellite Imagery: Approaches to Identify and Manage the Invasive Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa and Its Insect Vectors in Europe

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 4508 - 4508

Published: June 2, 2020

Biological invasions represent some of the most severe threats to local communities and ecosystems. Among invasive species, vector-borne pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is responsible for a wide variety plant diseases has profound environmental, social economic impacts. Once restricted Americas, it recently invaded Europe, where multiple dramatic outbreaks have highlighted critical challenges its management. Here, we review recent advances on identification, distribution management X. insect vectors in Europe through genetic spatial ecology methodologies. We underline important theoretical technological gaps that remain be bridged. Challenges future research directions are discussed light improving our understanding this host–pathogen interactions. highlight need including different, complimentary outlooks integrated frameworks substantially improve knowledge processes optimize resources allocation. provide an overview genetic, approaches will aid successful sustainable one dangerous European agriculture

Language: Английский

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Evolvability: A Quantitative-Genetics Perspective

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 153 - 175

Published: Nov. 2, 2021

The concept of evolvability emerged in the early 1990s and soon became fashionable as a label for different streams research evolutionary biology. In quantitative genetics, is defined ability population to respond directional selection. This differs from other fields by treating property populations rather than organisms or lineages being focused on quantification short-term prediction macroevolution. While term new many associated ideas questions have been with field its inception biometry. Recent more relabeling old questions, however. New operational measures opened possibilities understanding adaptation rapid environmental change, assessing genetic constraints, linking micro-

Language: Английский

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Rapid Evolution of Invasive Weeds Under Climate Change: Present Evidence and Future Research Needs

Frontiers in Agronomy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: April 7, 2021

Although evolution has been often seen as a gradual process through Darwinian lens, far more rapid evolutionary change observed in recent times. Recent examples documenting the potential speed of invasive plant have included: latitudinal flowering clines, life history shifts, or abrupt changes morphology. The timescales for such observations range from centuries down to <5 years. Invasive weeds provide good models changes, partly because exhibit unique mechanisms integral their success. For example, purging genetic load may enable plants adapt rapidly. Other include plasticity an evolved trait, hybridization, polyploidy, epigenetics, and clonal division labor. It is well-demonstrated that anthropogenic stressors habitat disturbance herbicide use work synergistically with climate fostering weed evolution. Changing temperatures, moisture regimes extreme events operate universally, but species are generally better equipped than native adapt. Research on this critical developing proactive management approaches anticipate new ecotypes adapted changing climatic conditions.

Language: Английский

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Evolution in Cities

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 52(1), P. 519 - 540

Published: Aug. 31, 2021

Although research performed in cities will not uncover new evolutionary mechanisms, it could provide unprecedented opportunities to examine the interplay of forces ways and avenues address classic questions. However, while variation within among affords many advance biology research, careful alignment between how are used questions being asked is necessary maximize insights that can be gained. In this review, we develop a framework help guide urban evolution approaches Using framework, highlight what has been accomplished date field identify several up-and-coming directions for further expansion. We conclude environments as test beds tackle both long-standing biology.

Language: Английский

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Evolvability and trait function predict phenotypic divergence of plant populations

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 120(1)

Published: Dec. 29, 2022

Understanding the causes and limits of population divergence in phenotypic traits is a fundamental aim evolutionary biology, with potential to yield predictions adaptation environmental change. Reciprocal transplant experiments evaluation optimality models suggest that local common but not universal, some studies trait highly constrained by genetic variances covariances complex phenotypes. We analyze large database plants evaluate whether scales positively standing variation within populations (evolvability), as expected if constraints are evolutionarily important. further differences evolvability–divergence relationships between reproductive vegetative selfing, mixed-mating, outcrossing species, these factors influence both patterns selection potentials. Evolutionary scaled evolvability. Furthermore, was greater for than floral (reproductive) traits, largely independent mating system. Jointly, explained ~40% variance divergence. The consistency across diverse species suggests substantial predictability results also consistent playing role

Language: Английский

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