The Costs and Benefits of Plant–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Interactions

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 649 - 672

Published: Feb. 26, 2022

The symbiotic interaction between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is often perceived as beneficial for both partners, though a large ecological literature highlights the context dependency of this interaction. Changes in abiotic variables, such nutrient availability, can drive along mutualism-parasitism continuum with variable outcomes plant growth fitness. However, AM benefit more ways than improved phosphorus nutrition growth. For example, promote biotic stress tolerance even when considered parasitic from provision perspective. Other being obligate biotrophs, very little known about benefits gain plants. In review, we utilize molecular biology approaches to expand our understanding plant-AM fungal across disciplines.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the role of specialist and generalist plant–microbial interactions as drivers of plant–soil feedback

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 234(6), P. 1929 - 1944

Published: March 26, 2022

Feedback between plants and soil microbial communities can be a powerful driver of vegetation dynamics. Plants elicit changes in the microbiome that either promote or suppress conspecifics at same location, thereby regulating population density-dependence species co-existence. Such effects are often attributed to accumulation host-specific antagonistic beneficial microbiota rhizosphere. However, identity host-specificity taxa involved rarely empirically assessed. Here we review evidence for plant-associated microbes propose specific plant-soil feedbacks also driven by generalists. We outline potential mechanisms which generalist pathogens, mutualists decomposers generate differential on plant hosts synthesize existing predict these as function investments into defence, dispersal. Importantly, capacity drive depends not only traits individual but phylogenetic functional diversity communities. Identifying factors specialization generalism plant-microbial interactions modulate impact performance will advance our understanding underlying feedback ways it contributes

Language: Английский

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Plant–Soil Feedbacks and Temporal Dynamics of Plant Diversity–Productivity Relationships

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 36(7), P. 651 - 661

Published: April 20, 2021

Language: Английский

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Plant–soil feedback under drought: does history shape the future?

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(8), P. 708 - 718

Published: March 25, 2023

Plant–soil feedback (PSF) is widely recognised as a driver of plant community composition, but understanding its response to drought remains in infancy. Here, we provide conceptual framework for the role PSF, considering traits, severity, and historical precipitation over ecological evolutionary timescales. Comparing experimental studies where plants microbes do or not share history (through co-sourcing conditioning), hypothesise that with shared experience more positive PSF under subsequent drought. To reflect real-world responses drought, future need explicitly include plant–microbial co-occurrence potential co-adaptation consider experienced by both microbes.

Language: Английский

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Global patterns and drivers of plant–soil microbe interactions

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Plant–soil feedback (PSF) is an important mechanism determining plant community dynamics and structure. Understanding the geographic patterns drivers of PSF essential for understanding mechanisms underlying diversity patterns. We compiled a large dataset containing 5969 observations from 202 studies to demonstrate global woody non‐woody species. Overall, was negative on average influenced by attributes environmental settings. Woody species PSFs did not vary with latitude, but were more at higher latitudes. consistently positive increasing aridity both species, likely due increased mutualistic microbes relative soil‐borne pathogens. These findings consistent between field greenhouse experiments, suggesting that variation can be driven soil legacies climates. Our call caution use as explanation latitudinal gradient highlight influence structure across broad scales through mediating plant–soil microbe interactions.

Language: Английский

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Climate Disruption of Plant-Microbe Interactions

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 51(1), P. 561 - 586

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

Interactions between plants and microbes have important influences on evolutionary processes, population dynamics, community structure, ecosystem function. We review the literature to document how climate change may disrupt these ecological interactions develop a conceptual framework integrate pathways of plant-microbe responses over different scales in space time. then create blueprint aid generalization that categorizes effects into changes context dependency pairs, temporal mismatches altered feedbacks time, or spatial accompany species range shifts. pair new graphical model influence resistance with statistical approach predictthe consequences increasing variability climate. Finally, we suggest through which can affect resilience during recovery from disruption. Throughout, take forward-looking perspective, highlighting knowledge gaps directions for future research.

Language: Английский

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When do Janzen–Connell effects matter? A phylogenetic meta‐analysis of conspecific negative distance and density dependence experiments

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 608 - 620

Published: Dec. 31, 2020

Abstract The Janzen–Connell (J‐C) hypothesis suggests that specialised natural enemies cause distance‐ or density‐dependent mortality among host plants and is regarded as an important mechanism for species coexistence. However, there remains debate about whether this phenomenon widespread how variation structured across taxa life stages. We performed the largest meta‐analysis of experimental studies conducted under settings to date. found little evidence distance‐dependent when grouping all types manipulations. Our analysis also reveals very large in response species, with 38.5% even showing positive responses we a strong signal seedlings but not seed experiments, which attribute (a) sharing susceptible tissues adults (leaves, wood, roots), (b) seedling having worse dispersal than (c) fewer physical chemical defences seeds. Both density‐ showed within genera families, suggesting J‐C effects are strongly phylogenetically conserved. There were no clear trends latitude, rainfall study duration. conclude may be pervasive widely thought. Understanding provides opportunities new discoveries will refine our understanding its role

Language: Английский

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On the Three Major Recycling Pathways in Terrestrial Ecosystems

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(9), P. 767 - 775

Published: May 4, 2020

Language: Английский

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Predicting Plant-Soil Feedback in the Field: Meta-Analysis Reveals That Competition and Environmental Stress Differentially Influence PSF

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: June 30, 2020

Past research on plant-soil feedbacks (PSF), largely undertaken in highly controlled greenhouse conditions, has established that plant species differentially alter abiotic and biotic soil conditions turn affect growth of other conspecific heterospecific individuals soil. Yet, whether under reflect natural environments where plants are exposed to a range pressures is still unresolved. To address how environmental context affects PSF, we conducted meta-analysis previously published studies examined responses multiple forms competition, stress, disturbance across various PSF methodology. We asked the following questions: 1) Can direction and/or strength PSF? 2) Do particular types or more than others? 3) methods conducting (i.e., vs. field experiments source inoculum conditioning from greenhouse) disturbance, their interactions? discovered four patterns may be predictive what future realistic might reveal. First, relatively little known about responds stress compared plant-plant competition. Second, specific competition enhanced negative effects microbes growth, stressors positive growth. Third, can change responses. And, fourth, phase With detail shown, these results confirm writ large experiments. These data should aid theory predictions for conservation restoration applications by showing relative importance over time. Lastly, demonstrate variation experimental interpretation conclusions studies.

Language: Английский

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Determinants of trophic cascade strength in freshwater ecosystems: a global analysis

Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 102(7)

Published: May 8, 2021

Top-down cascade effects are among the most important mechanisms underlying community structure and abundance dynamics in aquatic terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. A current challenge is understanding factors controlling trophic strength under global environmental changes. Here, we synthesized 161 sites to analyze how multiple influence consumer-resource interactions with fish freshwater ecosystems. Fish have a profound negative effect on zooplankton water clarity but positive primary producers nutrients. Furthermore, levels can modify of cascades, an even number food chain length does not real Eutrophication, warming, predator strengthen phytoplankton, suggesting that top-down control will be increasingly future We found no or increasing (e.g., phytoplankton) latitude, which support widespread view increases closer equator. With temporal spatial scales, experimental duration has accumulative effect, whereas size associated strength. Taken together, eutrophication, scale, level pivotal impacts Future studies should stress possible synergistic web dynamics.

Language: Английский

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