Hotspots of land-use change in global biodiversity hotspots

Resources Conservation and Recycling, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 174, P. 105770 - 105770

Published: July 6, 2021

Language: Английский

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Daily activity timing in the Anthropocene

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 324 - 336

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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Animal personalities and seed dispersal: A conceptual review

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 34(7), P. 1294 - 1310

Published: May 2, 2020

Abstract Consistent individual tendencies in behaviour, or behavioural types, are likely to impact the dynamics and outcomes of animal‐mediated seed dispersal. We review extant literature on this issue outline a conceptual overview guide emerging field. provide an possible ways which types can affect summarize theoretical mechanisms linking with dispersal how might each stage dispersal, beginning fruit encounter harvest, ending events that take place after deposition. Since involve correlations among different behaviours (i.e. syndromes), they generate unexpected associations between decisions involved conflicting (or reinforcing) effects stages Thus, we draw particular attention trade‐offs faced by seeds dispersed individuals tendencies. also note since is multiplicative process stages, disperser moderately efficient at will be better for plants than very some steps, but inefficient others. Finally, testable predictions links characteristics including, example, influences probability distance, deposition sites condition seeds. argue investigating mechanistic understanding plant regeneration. A free plain language summary found within Supporting Information article.

Language: Английский

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Small mammal personalities generate context dependence in the seed dispersal mutualism

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(15)

Published: April 4, 2022

Mutualisms are foundational components of ecosystems with the capacity to generate biodiversity through adaptation and coevolution give rise essential services such as pollination seed dispersal. To understand how mutualistic interactions shape communities ecosystems, we must identify mechanisms that underlie their functioning. One mechanism may drive mutualisms vary in space time is unique behavioral types, or personalities, individuals involved. Here, our goal was examine interindividual variation dispersal mutualism role different personalities play. In a field experiment, observed individual deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) known personality traits predating dispersing seeds natural environment classified all made by either positive negative. We then scored on continuum from antagonistic found within population scatter hoarders, some more than others one factor driving this distinction animal personality. Through empirical work, provide conceptual advancement study integrating it intraspecific variation. These findings indicate previously overlooked generating context dependence plant–animal suggest diversity have important consequences for functioning mutualisms.

Language: Английский

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Clay larvae do not accurately measure biogeographic patterns in predation

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 51(6), P. 1004 - 1013

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Aim Spatial variation in predation can shape geographic patterns ecology and evolution, but testing how varies across ecosystems is challenging as differing species compositions defensive adaptations mask underlying patterns. Recently, biogeography has borrowed a tool from ecology: clay prey models. But models have not been adequately tested for comparisons, well‐known problem –that only appeal to subset of potential predators– could bias detected whenever the relative importance predator guilds among sites. Here, we test whether larvae accurately capture differences on real larvae. Location 90° latitude >2000 m elevation Americas. Taxon Vertebrate invertebrate ‘superworms’ ( Zophobas larvae). Methods Across six sites that vary dramatically latitude, elevation, biome, quantified live, dead, We physically excluded vertebrate predators some distinguish total invertebrate‐only predation. Results Predation live superworms almost doubled our high‐elevation high‐latitude site low‐elevation tropical site. Geographic were consistent dead larvae, missed extremely high at therefore mis‐measured true Clay did particularly bad job capturing by invertebrates, although sample sizes small. Main Conclusions are inappropriate comparing rates They should be abandoned biogeographic studies reserved comparisons within, rather than across, communities.

Language: Английский

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A global review on the role of small rodents and lagomorphs (clade Glires) in seed dispersal and plant establishment

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 33, P. e01982 - e01982

Published: Dec. 20, 2021

Zoochory is an ecologically and evolutionarily important seed dispersal type. The decline extinction of seed-dispersing large herbivores severely threatens dispersal-driven ecosystem processes in many regions. Hence the relative importance small rodents lagomorphs (Glires, Mammalia) as vectors might increase due to their ubiquity, diversity abundance. Here we provide a review rodent- lagomorph-mediated based on approximately 600 papers found extensive literature search. We highlight that disperse seeds via various mechanisms. seldom documented epi- endozoochory are probably universal these groups. Due home range, short fur body size, mechanisms generally operate at scales mainly for seeds. Taxon-specific feeding, nesting behavioural characteristics wide spectrum other types, such synzoochory (food caching). studied taxa support within particular habitat patch, contributing persistence local populations, but rare cases, long-distance events occur. Besides dispersal, can also plant establishment safe sites where they survive stochastic events. Studies reviewed here show strong bias both scope geographical distribution: synzoochorous woody plants known detail, most studies were conducted same few countries types. In contrast, endozoochory, epizoochory types like grasslands anthropogenic habitats have rarely been studied. examples services disservices related well conservation restoration.

Language: Английский

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Seed predation and dispersal by small mammals in a landscape of fear: effects of personality, predation risk and land‐use change

Oikos, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2022(2)

Published: May 6, 2021

Scatter‐hoarding small mammals act as both seed predators and dispersers in forest ecosystems. Their choices regarding consuming or caching seeds must balance the risk of predation with energy rewards gained from immediate delayed consumption seeds. Several factors influence their interaction seeds, including individual's personality. Little is known about how personality affects foraging decisions response to risk. This missing information critical because if differ among individuals perceived risk, then varying combinations types a population (and risks across types) may have diverse effects on regeneration. Further, land‐use change interplay personality, perception by altering distribution landscape individuals. To contribute filling these knowledge gaps, we designed large‐scale field experiment evaluate affect deer mice Peromyscus maniculatus Using infrared cameras, recorded at paired experimental sites high versus low (n = 2389 observations 74 individuals). We found that influenced multiple decisions, affected different personalities responded those decisions. Specifically, exploration/activity choice, boldness number selected docility site selection whether immediately consumed removed Since only microsite unmanaged forests, our results show decreased importance affecting perception. demonstrate considering under levels more generally, underscore individual variation ecological processes.

Language: Английский

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Predation risk and personality influence seed predation and dispersal by a scatter‐hoarding small mammal

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract Small mammals are key scatter hoarders in forest ecosystems, acting as both seed predators and dispersers. The outcome of their interactions (i.e., predation vs. dispersal) is determined by a series decisions made small mammals, such the choice seed, whether immediately consumed or cached, where it cached. These influenced variety factors, including intrinsic traits individual personality hoarder, perceived risk while foraging. Furthermore, these factors may all interact to dictate fate with consequences for regeneration. Nevertheless, ways which affect dispersal still poorly understood. To contribute filling this knowledge gap, we tested hypotheses that southern red‐backed voles ( Myodes gapperi ), an important hoarder would exhibit personality‐mediated foraging alter associations between dispersal. We conducted large‐scale field experiment, offering trays at stations altered levels recorded free‐ranging known personalities. found voles. Specifically, docility, boldness predicted site selection, species selection number seeds individuals selected, tendency explore remove consume seeds. Predation risk, mediated amount cover moon illumination, affected chose, probability removal versus consumption. did not find support interaction predicting decisions. findings highlight importance affecting decisions, implications patterns regeneration areas different mammal distributions landscapes fear.

Language: Английский

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Pilfering personalities: Effects of small mammal personality on cache pilferage

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 18, 2024

Abstract Small mammals such as mice and voles play a fundamental role in the ecosystem service of seed dispersal by caching seeds small hoards that germinate under beneficial conditions. Pilferage is critical step this process which animals steal from other individuals' caches. Pilferers often recache stolen seeds, are pilfered new individuals, who may again, so on, potentially leading to compounded increased distance. However, little research has investigated intraspecific differences pilfering frequency, despite its importance better understanding behavioural diversity valuable dispersal. We conducted field experiment Maine (USA) investigating how variation, including personality, influences pilferage effectiveness. Within context long‐term capture‐mark‐recapture study, we measured unique personality 3311 individual 10 species over 7‐year period. For experiment, created artificial caches using eastern white pine ( Pinus strobus ) monitored with trail cameras buried antennas for identification. Of 436 created, 83.5% were species, deer (( Peromyscus maniculatus southern red‐backed Myodes gapperi ). show individuals differ their ability pilfer these driven body condition sex. More exploratory those lower more likely locate cache, female than males Also, be areas higher mammal abundance. Because risk drives decisions concerning where an animal chooses store pressure thought drive evolution food‐hoarding behaviour. Our study shows varies between meaning some have disproportionately strong influence on others' contribute longer‐distance facilitated pilferage. results add growing knowledge showing personalities forest regeneration impacting

Language: Английский

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Intraspecific variation in the landscape of fear: personality‐driven tradeoffs in habitat use

Oikos, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

The landscape of fear framework posits that prey animals trade off between resource gain and safety when selecting habitat. Strategies for balancing this tradeoff vary among individuals, however, with personality acting as a potentially important factor driving differences. Animals are faced real predation risk, perceived competition habitat in landscapes fear, but few studies have simultaneously measured the effects these three factors on use, none done so while accounting individual variability. Here, we contribute to by assessing personality‐driven tradeoffs second‐order (home range level) third‐order (within home use. We conducted large‐scale field study testing free‐ranging deer mice Peromyscus maniculatus , white‐footed leucopus southern red‐backed voles Myodes gapperi Maine (USA). mapped space use determined small mammal population numbers using capture–mark–recapture data, microhabitat features, monitored terrestrial avian predators quantify competition, risk (i.e. cover), across areas (second‐order) well used trap sites (third‐order). included 133 mice, 69 316 assess relationships found evidence personality–habitat at both orders. Specifically, boldness, activity, stress coping ability covary predator presence; aggressiveness levels; activity boldness levels cover. Overall, within habitats mammals, providing empirical intraspecific variation fear. These findings highlight role mediating multiple scales, offering potential mechanism personality‐mediated survival rates.

Language: Английский

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