Tree Diversity and Forest Resistance to Insect Pests: Patterns, Mechanisms, and Prospects

Annual Review of Entomology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 66(1), P. 277 - 296

Published: Sept. 9, 2020

Ecological research conducted over the past five decades has shown that increasing tree species richness at forest stands can improve resistance to insect pest damage. However, commonality of this finding is still under debate. In review, we provide a quantitative assessment (i.e., meta-analysis) diversity effects on herbivory and discuss plausible mechanisms underlying observed patterns. We recommendations working hypotheses serve lay groundwork for come. Based more than 600 study cases, our review indicates was, average, lower in mixed pure stands, but these were contingent herbivore diet breadth composition. particular, mainly reduced damage specialist herbivores with phylogenetically distant species. Overall, findings essential guidance management.

Language: Английский

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Establishment and range expansion of invasive Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) in Texas

Florida Entomologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 108(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract Invasive species are a leading cause of global biodiversity decline. Larvae the cactus moth Cactoblastis cactorum Berg (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae) consume prickly pear ( Opuntia ; Cactaceae) in its native South American range. High host specificity made C. an appropriate biological control agent species, which have become invasive weeds around world. This program was successful. Ironically, success weed facilitated series events led to invasion North America where diversity is tremendous. In 2017, established along southeast Texas coast. 2020, we began monitoring dispersal towards south and south-west with pheromone traps. Our objectives were document extent calculate rates commercial -growing regions Mexico. There four overlapping flight peaks Texas. Between 2017 2022, populations invaded over 27,000 km 2 south-east south-central at rate up 47 year. Since this slowed as front came into contact Tamaulipan thornscrub region density high attacked by diverse assemblage parasitoids. We present data on shows that their increases west area currently occupied . These suggest apparent competition may be occuring between via shared hypothesis not mutually exclusive other barriers contribute explaining why has significantly. conclude discussion about how leverage these support future deployment agents

Language: Английский

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Migratory strategy drives species-level variation in bird sensitivity to vegetation green-up

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 5(7), P. 987 - 994

Published: April 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Crop species diversity levels with attract and reward strategies to enhance Pieris brassicae parasitism rate by Cotesia glomerata in strip intercropping

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(3), P. 654 - 667

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Abstract Crop diversification through inter‐ and mixed cropping practices has been shown to enhance conservation biological control of herbivorous pest insects. However, distinct are usually tested independently, which makes assessing the relative impact specific measures difficult. We assessed parasitism rates released large cabbage white ( Pieris brassicae ) caterpillars by parasitoids on Brassica oleracea plants in six different systems: four strip‐cropping designs, a pixel design monoculture. These designs differed number crops included, use parasitoid‐attractive cultivars concurrence with cash cultivar, nectar‐providing for adult spatial arrangement crops. Parasitism rate main P. parasitoid Cotesia glomerata was enhanced strip wheat, even further inclusion more Contrastingly, C. lower most intensive crop mixture, that is cropping, than any designs. The attractive or rewarding floral resources within set‐up did not significantly rate. Synthesis applications : Our results show increasing agroecosystem enhances rates, whereas additional subtle attract reward shows mostly marginal effects. argue can readily be employed as (part a) strategy, but trait‐based still need development. How implement and/or strategies large‐scale agricultural systems should evaluated context schemes. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Towards global dominance of invasive alien plants in freshwater ecosystems: the dawn of the Exocene?

Hydrobiologia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 848(9), P. 2259 - 2279

Published: Jan. 18, 2021

Language: Английский

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Diversity, detection and exploitation: linking soil fungi and plant disease

Current Opinion in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 70, P. 102199 - 102199

Published: Sept. 12, 2022

Plant-associated fungi are incredibly diverse, comprising over a million species of mycorrhiza, endophytes, saprophytes and pathogens worldwide. This diverse fungal community is highly important for plant health. Many effective biocontrol agents that can kill or suppress pathogens, with pathogen found both individual microorganisms plant-associated consortia. Meanwhile, increased diversity aboveground corresponds to an increase in below-ground diversity, which contributes turn improved rhizosphere soil health suppression. In this review, we discuss the role disease suppression various mechanisms by mycorrhizal endophytic combat pathogenic fungi. We also array diagnostic tools, well-established newly developed, revolutionising detection analysis.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing data science to improve integrated management of invasive pest species across Africa: An application to Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 35, P. e02056 - e02056

Published: Feb. 11, 2022

After five years of its first report on the African continent, Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is considered a major threat to maize, sorghum, and millet production in sub-Saharan Africa. Despite rigorous work already conducted reduce FAW prevalence, dynamics invasion mechanisms Africa are still poorly understood. This study applied interdisciplinary tools, analytics, algorithms dataset with spatial lens provide insights project intensity infestation across The data collected between January 2018 December 2020 selected locations were matched monthly average climatic environmental variables. multilevel analytics aimed identify key factors that influence temporal pest density occurrence at 2 km x grid resolution. seasonal variations identified used calibrate rule-based employed simulate densities for 2018, 2019, 2020. Three level classes inferred, i.e., low (0–10 moth per trap), moderate (11–30 high (>30 trap). Results show projections sensitive type host vegetation variability factors. Moreover, diversity climate patterns cropping systems sub-regions main drivers abundance variation. An optimum overall accuracy 53% was obtained three continental scale, however, gradual increase prediction observed among years, predictions providing accuracies greater than 70%. Apart from amount could also be explained by non-inclusion related certain such as natural enemies (predators, parasitoids, pathogens) into analysis. Further detailed efficiency region may help complete tri-trophic interactions plants, pests, beneficial organisms. Nevertheless, tool developed this provides framework field monitoring basis future decision support system (DSS).

Language: Английский

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Chemical ecology in conservation biocontrol: new perspectives for plant protection

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 1166 - 1177

Published: June 3, 2023

Threats to food security require novel sustainable agriculture practices manage insect pests. One strategy is conservation biological control (CBC), which relies on pest services provided by local populations of arthropod natural enemies. Research has explored manipulative use chemical information from plants and insects that act as attractant cues for enemies (predators parasitoids) repellents In this review, we reflect past strategies using ecology in CBC, such herbivore-induced plant volatiles the push-pull technique, propose future directions, including leveraging induced defenses crop plants, repellent insect-based signaling, genetically engineered crops. Further, discuss how climate change may disrupt CBC stress importance context dependency yield outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Molecular Ecological Network Analyses: An Effective Conservation Tool for the Assessment of Biodiversity, Trophic Interactions, and Community Structure

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Nov. 10, 2020

Global biodiversity is threatened by the anthropogenic restructuring of animal communities, rewiring species interaction networks in real-time as individuals are extirpated or introduced. Conservation science and adaptive ecosystem management demand more rapid, quantitative, non-invasive technologies for robustly capturing changing quantifying interactions. Here we develop molecular ecological network analyses (MENA) an assessment tool to address these needs. To construct network, used environmental DNA from feces identify plant mammal diet two carnivores: puma (Puma concolor) bobcat (Lynx rufus); omnivores: coyote (Canis latrans) gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus); herbivores: black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus) jackrabbit (Lepus californicus) a well-studied Californian reserve. evaluate MENA comprehensive tool, applied our framework structure patterns trophic interactions, key species, assess its utility area. The high dietary taxonomic resolution enabled diversity, niche breadth overlap. analysis revealed dense with diversity weakly connected community that highly modular non-nested. significant prevalence tri-trophic chain exploitative competition indicates (i) removal reintroduction top predator would trigger cascade within this community, directly affecting their prey indirectly (ii) potential impact indirect effects between predators consume same prey. These results suggest recent resurgence study area may herbaceous woody vegetation population size other predators. This effect fluctuating populations communities could be predicted through MENA's fine-scale selection identified keystone species. Although just using subset rapidly, accurately, effectively captured broader comparison methodologies. reconstructed unveiled hidden complexity providing promising toolkit management.

Language: Английский

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A roadmap for future research on insularity effects on plant–herbivore interactions

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 602 - 610

Published: Oct. 11, 2021

Abstract State of the art Theory predicts that herbivore pressure should be weaker on islands than mainland, owing to lower abundance and diversity because dispersal constraints environmental filtering. As a result, plants invest less in defences against herbivory. Although early empirical studies supported these predictions, recent systematic island–mainland comparisons have questioned this paradigm, with some reporting either no difference between mainland or higher herbivory plant islands. Current data therefore appear unsupportive predictions insularity effects plant–herbivore interactions, calling for more research reassess test underlying mechanisms observed patterns. Research opportunities To meet challenge, renewed programme based accrual specific features is needed. These include robust experimental designs replication within across systems, integrative nuanced assessments defensive phenotypes herbivory, food web approach considers multi‐trophic context which interactions are embedded, consideration historical factors (e.g., island origin biogeographical factors, anachronisms). Outlook This new will require integration evolutionary ecology biogeography, palaeoecology community understand influence acting at different scales, from local driving processes regional drivers species composition determining traits their interactions.

Language: Английский

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