Understanding the combined effects of multiple stressors: A new perspective on a longstanding challenge

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 821, P. 153322 - 153322

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

Wildlife populations and their habitats are exposed to an expanding diversity intensity of stressors caused by human activities, within the broader context natural processes increasing pressure from climate change. Estimating how these multiple affect individuals, populations, ecosystems is thus growing importance. However, combined effects often cannot be predicted reliably individual each stressor, we lack mechanistic understanding analytical tools predict joint outcomes. We review science present a conceptual framework that captures reconciles variety existing approaches for assessing effects. Specifically, show all lie along spectrum, reflecting assumptions about mechanisms regulate action single An emphasis on improves precision predictive power but could introduce bias if underlying incorrect. A purely empirical approach has less risk requires adequate data full range anticipated combinations stressor types magnitudes. illustrate this spectrum can formalised into specific methods, using example North Atlantic right whales feeding limited prey resources while simultaneously being affected entanglement in fishing gear. In practice, case-specific management needs availability will guide exploration interest selection suitable trade-off between bias. argue primary goal adaptive should identify most practical effective ways remove or reduce stressors, bringing adverse impacts below acceptable thresholds.

Language: Английский

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Wearable sensors for monitoring marine environments and their inhabitants

Nature Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(9), P. 1208 - 1220

Published: June 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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Closing Water Cycles in the Built Environment through Nature-Based Solutions: The Contribution of Vertical Greening Systems and Green Roofs

Water, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(16), P. 2165 - 2165

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

Water in the city is typically exploited a linear process, which most of it polluted, treated, and discharged; during this valuable nutrients are lost treatment process instead being cycled back used urban agriculture or green space. The purpose paper to advance new paradigm close water cycles cities via implementation nature-based solutions units (NBS_u), with particular focus on building greening elements, such as roofs (GRs) vertical systems (VGS). hypothesis that “circular systems” can provide substantial ecosystem services minimize environmental degradation. Our method twofold: we first examine these from life-cycle point view, assessing not only inputs conventional alternative materials, but ongoing input required for irrigation. Secondly, evapotranspiration performance VGS Copenhagen, Berlin, Lisbon, Rome, Istanbul, Tel Aviv, different climatic, architectural, sociocultural contexts have been simulated using verticalized ET0 approach, rainwater runoff greywater irrigation resources. cycling mentioned would be sufficient at recycling 44% (Lisbon) 100% (Berlin, Istanbul) all accruing roof–runoff, if shortages dry months bridged by greywater. Then, 27–53% could managed its greened surface. In conclusion, address gaps current knowledge policies identified stages analyses, lack comprehensive life cycle assessment studies quantify complete “water footprint” systems.

Language: Английский

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Daily activity timing in the Anthropocene

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 324 - 336

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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The influence of human activity on predator–prey spatiotemporal overlap

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92(6), P. 1124 - 1134

Published: Jan. 30, 2023

Abstract Despite growing evidence of widespread impacts humans on animal behaviour, our understanding how reshape species interactions remains limited. Here, we present a framework that draws key concepts from behavioural and community ecology to outline four primary pathways by which can alter predator–prey spatiotemporal overlap. We suggest dyads exhibit similar or opposite responses human activity with distinct outcomes for predator diet, predation rates, population demography trophic cascades. demonstrate assess these response hypothesis testing, using temporal data 178 published camera trap studies terrestrial mammals. found each the proposed pathways, revealing multiple patterns influence Our case study highlight current challenges, gaps, advances in linking behaviour change dynamics. By hypothesis‐driven approach estimate potential altered interactions, researchers anticipate ecological consequences activities whole communities.

Language: Английский

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Glucocorticoid responses of wildlife to anthropogenic stressors are influenced by disturbance type and species traits

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Abstract Ecological and conservation research has focused on documenting wildlife's behavioural demographic responses to anthropogenic disturbance. Yet, a significant gap remains in our understanding of the physiological mechanisms that underlie or adaptations human activities. Glucocorticoid concentrations (GCCs) are widely considered as relevant endpoints assess response wildlife natural stressors, yet recent studies show mixed outcomes concerning GCC shifts disturbed populations. Consequently, uncertainties remain around role GCCs reliable indicators effect disturbance organisms' physiology, likely due masking several confounding factors. To unveil generalizable patterns effects wildlife, we collected measured conspecific populations living undisturbed areas from 121 114 species terrestrial vertebrates, assessed roles type traits shaping using phylogenetic meta‐analysis log ratios (lnRRΔ). We found 36% increase mammals (lnRRΔ = 0.304), but no evidence for birds, non‐avian reptiles amphibians. Mammals showed similar all forms disturbance, while birds 24.6% habitat conversion only 0.221). Furthermore, change tended be higher large‐sized than small‐sized mammals, comparatively lower herbivorous mammals. Finally, non‐migratory elicit stronger compared with migratory 0.234). Our study provides novel supporting influential diet body mass behaviours glucocorticoid establishing link between magnitude pace‐of‐life‐related traits. trends coherent known responses, suggesting might costly sustain, thus serving potential early‐warning signals population decline. consistency facing types highlighting even seemingly innocuous interactions humans may still induce substantial changes. Read free Plain Language Summary this article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Marine Prosperity Areas: a framework for aligning ecological restoration and human well-being using area-based protections

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Mechanisms for marine ecological protection and recovery, including area-based conservation tools like ‘Marine Protected Areas’ (MPAs) are necessary to reach the Aichi Target or forthcoming 30x30 target set by Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Framework. However, full ecosystem recovery takes years manifest idea that MPA alone will foster human well-being is frequently contradicted socio-economic evidence. Therefore, a new framework restoration reconciles discrepancies between growth timelines needed effectively meet global biodiversity targets. We introduce concept of Prosperity Areas,’ (MPpA) an tool prioritizes prosperity as opposed passively relying on catalyze social change economic growth. This leverages suite tried-and-true community-based intervention investment strategies strengthen expand access environmental science, goods services, financial perks blue economy. data-driven may be interest stakeholders who support traditional models, but also those have been historically MPAs excluded from past processes.

Language: Английский

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Responses to extreme drought in wintering waterbirds: a multi-species approach

Frontiers in Zoology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Climate change and anthropogenic activities are accelerating environmental changes, challenging wild animals' survival. Behavioral plasticity, such as adjusting habitat selection foraging activity, is a key mechanism for responding to rapid changes in the Anthropocene era. However, this shift may expose animals new challenges. Moreover, not all behavioral plasticity adaptive, evidenced by ecological traps. This study focuses on Poyang Lake, Ramsar wetland critical wintering ground waterbirds East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Historically, migratory patterns of were synchronized with plant life cycle. recent hydrological regime have diminished suitable habitats food resources, thereby posing significant conservation challenges waterbirds. Utilizing multiyear satellite tracking data, we examined variations home range behaviors four herbivorous waterbird species between natural artificial wetlands Lake under different conditions. Our results reveal differences area movement speed among across years. All demonstrated marked increase their use unfavorable Specifically, Greater White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons) shifted its distribution during drought years while favoring normal conditions, indicating stress-induced adaptation. In contrast, Bean (A. fabalis) Swan cygnoid) displayed greater plasticity. Notably, Siberian Crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus) increasingly used wetlands, likely due human protection, raising concerns about potential Additionally, generally exhibited higher speeds behavior suggests maladaptation more dispersed distribution. underscored role supporting drought, though elevated observed these suggest maladaptation. Species-specific responses raise traps if fail meet needs. To ensure long-term conservation, efforts should focus preserving enhancing quality habitats. Future research prioritize monitoring guide management address species-specific needs face climate degradation.

Language: Английский

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Preserving Short‐Sward Natural Grasslands May Provide Suitable Foraging Habitat for a Climate‐Threatened Alpine Species Along Ski‐Pistes

Animal Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

ABSTRACT In many mountain regions, tourism represents one of the main sources income. Winter sports are often prevalent and, in last decades, infrastructures linked to ski industry have expanded worldwide ranges. Mountains dramatically suffering effects climate change, species contracting or declining and ski‐pistes predicted shrink towards higher elevations. For high‐elevation ecosystems species, construction is a major issue, impacting on such as alpine birds already threatened by change. Here, assessing ultimate drivers habitat selection during breeding season, we investigated impacts Dolomites foraging behaviour white‐winged snowfinch Montifringilla nivalis , an iconic bird highly Our results show that snowfinches, critical period nestling rearing, prefer forage snow patches short grass medium slope, characteristics frequently found studied ski‐pistes. We also observed marked effect temperature‐solar radiation interaction: snowfinches sunlit areas when ambient temperature low, while under temperatures they shady zones, probably due specific physiological/thermoregulatory requirements. Foraging associated with some shared environmental characteristics. This implies impact could be mitigated adequate management targeted at maintaining short‐sward grassland (e.g., through avoidance/reduction machine grading controlled grazing) residual (preventing complete levelling slope shallow depressions lower solar radiation). Such strategies contribute reducing ecological footprint current future resorts ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Advancing animal behaviour research using drone technology

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 222, P. 123147 - 123147

Published: March 18, 2025

Language: Английский

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