The UNITE database for molecular identification and taxonomic communication of fungi and other eukaryotes: sequences, taxa and classifications reconsidered

Nucleic Acids Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(D1), P. D791 - D797

Published: Nov. 11, 2023

Abstract UNITE (https://unite.ut.ee) is a web-based database and sequence management environment for molecular identification of eukaryotes. It targets the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region offers nearly 10 million such sequences reference. These are clustered into ∼2.4M species hypotheses (SHs), each assigned unique digital object identifier (DOI) to promote unambiguous referencing across studies. users have contributed over 600 000 third-party annotations, which shared with range databases other community resources. Recent improvements facilitate detection cross-kingdom biological associations integration undescribed groups organisms everyday pursuits. Serving as twin eukaryotic biodiversity communities worldwide, latest release improved avenues discovery, precise taxonomic communication knowledge platforms.

Language: Английский

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Forest tree growth is linked to mycorrhizal fungal composition and function across Europe

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 1327 - 1336

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Most trees form symbioses with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) which influence access to growth-limiting soil resources. Mesocosm experiments repeatedly show that EMF species differentially affect plant development, yet whether these effects ripple up the growth of entire forests remains unknown. Here we tested composition and functional genes relative variation in well-known drivers tree by combining paired molecular surveys high-resolution forest inventory data across 15 European countries. We was linked a three-fold difference rate even when controlling for primary abiotic growth. Fast associated communities harboring high inorganic but low organic nitrogen acquisition gene proportions contact versus medium-distance fringe exploration types. These findings suggest is strong bio-indicator underlying and/or causes differences While it may be too early assign causality or directionality, our study one first link fine-scale within key component microbiome ecosystem functioning at continental scale.

Language: Английский

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A tipping point in carbon storage when forest expands into tundra is related to mycorrhizal recycling of nitrogen

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 1193 - 1204

Published: March 22, 2021

Abstract Tundra ecosystems are global belowground sinks for atmospheric CO 2 . Ongoing warming‐induced encroachment by shrubs and trees risks turning this sink into a source, resulting in positive feedback on climate warming. To advance mechanistic understanding of how shifts mycorrhizal types affect long‐term carbon (C) nitrogen (N) stocks, we studied small‐scale soil depth profiles fungal communities C–N dynamics across subarctic‐alpine forest‐heath vegetation gradient. Belowground organic stocks decreased abruptly at the transition from heath to forest, linked presence certain tree‐associated ectomycorrhizal fungi that contribute decomposition when mining N matter. In contrast, ericoid plants were associated with matter accumulation slow decomposition. If climatic controls arctic‐alpine forest lines relaxed, increased will likely outbalance plant productivity, decreasing overall C capacity displaced tundra.

Language: Английский

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Pervasive associations between dark septate endophytic fungi with tree root and soil microbiomes across Europe

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Trees interact with a multitude of microbes through their roots and root symbionts such as mycorrhizal fungi endophytes. Here, we explore the role fungal predictors soil root-associated microbiomes widespread broad-leaved trees across European latitudinal gradient. Our results suggest that, alongside factors climate, soil, vegetation properties, colonization by ectomycorrhizal, arbuscular mycorrhizal, dark septate endophytic also shapes tree-associated microbiomes. Notably, structure our sites is more strongly consistently associated endophyte than many abiotic factors. Root endophytes has consistent negative association relative abundance diversity nutrient cycling genes. study not only indicates that root-symbiotic interactions are an important factor structuring communities functions in forest ecosystems, but hitherto less studied likely to be central players these interactions.

Language: Английский

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Fungal community composition predicts forest carbon storage at a continental scale

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 16, 2024

Abstract Forest soils harbor hyper-diverse microbial communities which fundamentally regulate carbon and nutrient cycling across the globe. Directly testing hypotheses on how microbiome diversity is linked to forest storage has been difficult, due a lack of paired data in situ observations accumulation storage. Here, we investigated relationship between soil microbiomes 238 inventory plots spanning 15 European countries. We show that composition fungal, but not bacterial, species tightly coupled both biotic conditions seven-fold variation tree growth rates biomass stocks when controlling for effects dominant type, climate, other environmental factors. This linkage particularly strong symbiotic endophytic ectomycorrhizal fungi known directly facilitate growth. Since this system are closely positively correlated with belowground stocks, conclude fungal predictor overall continent.

Language: Английский

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Ectomycorrhizal fungi are more sensitive to high soil nitrogen levels in forests exposed to nitrogen deposition

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(4), P. 1725 - 1738

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Summary Ectomycorrhizal fungi are essential for nitrogen (N) cycling in many temperate forests and responsive to anthropogenic N addition, which generally decreases host carbon (C) allocation the fungi. In boreal region, however, ectomycorrhizal fungal biomass has been found correlate positively with soil availability. Still, responses input, instance through atmospheric deposition, commonly negative. To elucidate whether variation supply affects differently depending on geographical context, we investigated communities along fertility gradients located two nemo‐boreal forest regions similar ranges : C ratios inorganic availability but contrasting rates of deposition. community composition remained relatively stable across gradient low decreased changed more drastically increasing subjected higher Moreover, potential activities enzymes involved mobilisation organic as increased. external propose that stabilising feedbacks tree‐fungal interactions maintain even N‐rich soils. By contrast, input seems impair functions.

Language: Английский

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How does forest fertilization influence tree productivity of boreal forests? An analysis of data from commercial forestry across Sweden

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 373, P. 124023 - 124023

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Forest fertilization is a forest management practice that often claimed to increase productivity in boreal forests. Although regarded as an efficient way profitability, it also costly, and associated with risks such biodiversity loss nitrogen leaching from the soil. To be both cost-efficient sustainable, potential enhanced due should balanced against adverse environmental impact. One effective strategy limit sites where can most significantly tree productivity, while avoiding application less suitable areas. However, current understanding of specific conditions under which optimally stimulates growth limited. clarify this, we analysed standing volume 32,498 recently harvested fertilized unfertilized stands Sweden's largest owner. We applied generalized additive models quantify effect on at harvest how depended dominant species, stand characteristics (site index, stem density), climatic (temperature sum), (thinning, age harvest). found operational was highly context-dependent. In pine-dominated stands, failed volumes cold climates low-productive stands. spruce-dominated did not result increased high-productive For more sustainable this suggest context dependency efficiency given attention. Hence, recommend refrain fertilizing situated land or regions climates, those northern Sweden.

Language: Английский

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The functional role of ericoid mycorrhizal plants and fungi on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in forests

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 235(5), P. 1701 - 1718

Published: June 15, 2022

Summary Ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) shrubs commonly occur in forest understories and could therefore alter arbuscular (AM) and/or ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree effects on soil carbon nitrogen dynamics. Specifically, ErM fungi have extensive organic matter decay capabilities, plant fungal tissues high concentrations of secondary compounds that can form persistent complexes the soil. Together, these traits contribute to accumulation inorganic nutrient limitation. These also differ AM‐ vs EcM‐dominated stands at multiple scales within among biomes by, for instance, altering guild interactions. Most work forests has been conducted boreal dominated by EcM trees. However, plants c. 96, 69 29% boreal, temperate tropical forests, respectively. Within montane be particularly pronounced because their are more distinct from AM than Because function as free‐living saprotrophs, they resilient disturbances obligate symbionts. Further consideration improve our understanding how cooccurring types interact collectively affect dynamics under changing conditions.

Language: Английский

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Taming the beast: a revised classification of Cortinariaceae based on genomic data

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 112(1), P. 89 - 170

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Abstract Family Cortinariaceae currently includes only one genus, Cortinarius , which is the largest Agaricales with thousands of species worldwide. The are important ectomycorrhizal fungi and form associations many vascular plant genera from tropicals to arctic regions. Genus contains a lot morphological variation, its complexity has led taxonomists specialize in particular on infrageneric groups. previous attempts divide have been shown be unnatural phylogenetic studies done date not able resolve higher-level classification group above section level. Genomic approaches revolutionized our view fungal relationships provide way tackle difficult We used both targeted capture sequencing shallow whole genome produce data perform phylogenomic analyses 75 single-copy genes 19 species. In addition, wider 5-locus analysis 245 species, Northern Southern Hemispheres, was also done. Based results, family into ten genera— Cortinarius, Phlegmacium, Thaxterogaster, Calonarius, Aureonarius, Cystinarius, Volvanarius, Hygronarius, Mystinarius, Austrocortinarius —is proposed. Seven genera, 10 subgenera, four sections described as new science five subgenera introduced combinations rank. 41 names 514 combined lecto- epitypes designated. position Stephanopus suborder Agaricineae remains studied. Targeted for first time taxonomy Basidiomycetes. It provides cost-efficient -omics species-rich produced fungarium specimens up 21 years old, demonstrating value museum study tree life. This revision based genomics hopefully others will soon follow.

Language: Английский

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Ericoid shrubs shape fungal communities and suppress organic matter decomposition in boreal forests

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 236(2), P. 684 - 697

Published: July 2, 2022

Summary Mycorrhizal fungi associated with boreal trees and ericaceous shrubs are central actors in organic matter (OM) accumulation through their belowground carbon allocation, potential capacity to mine for nitrogen (N) ability suppress saprotrophs. Yet, interactions between co‐occurring ectomycorrhizal (EMF), ericoid mycorrhizal (ERI), saprotrophs poorly understood. We used a long‐term (19 yr) plant functional group manipulation experiment removals of tree roots, mosses analysed the responses different fungal guilds (assessed by metabarcoding) relation OM quality mid‐infrared spectroscopy nuclear magnetic resonance) decomposition (litter mesh‐bags) across 5000‐yr post‐fire forest chronosequence. found that removal ERI changed composition EMF communities, larger effects occurring at earlier stages Removal was enhanced N availability, litter enrichment recalcitrant fraction. conclude increasing abundance slow‐growing contributes nutrient limitation, impaired progressive forests, particularly towards later successional stages. These results indicative contrasting roles regulating storage.

Language: Английский

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