Dryness weakens the positive effects of plant and fungal β diversities on above‐ and belowground biomass

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 28(22), P. 6629 - 6639

Published: Aug. 27, 2022

Plant and microbial diversity are key to determine ecosystem functioning. Despite the well-known role of local-scale α in affecting vegetation biomass, effects community heterogeneity (β diversity) plants soil microbes on above- belowground biomass (AGB BGB) across contrasting environments still remain unclear. Here, we conducted a dryness-gradient transect survey over 3000 km grasslands Tibetan Plateau. We found that plant β was more dominant than maintaining higher levels AGB, while fungal driver enhancing BGB. However, these positive AGB BGB were strongly weakened by increasing climatic dryness, mainly because available phosphorus caused dryness reduced both diversities. Overall, new findings highlight critical sustaining grassland raising our awareness ecological risks large-scale biotic homogenization under future climate change.

Language: Английский

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Why are biodiversity—ecosystem functioning relationships so elusive? Trophic interactions may amplify ecosystem function variability

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 92(2), P. 367 - 376

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functions (BEFs) has attracted great interest. Studies on BEF have so far focused the average trend of function as species diversity increases. A tantalizing but rarely addressed question is why large variations in are often observed across systems with similar diversity, likely obscuring BEFs. Here we use a multi-trophic food web model combination empirical data to examine relationships richness variation (VEFs) including biomass, metabolism, decomposition, primary secondary production. We then probe mechanisms underlying these relationships, focusing role trophic interactions. While our results reinforce previously documented positive found that exhibit significant within each level magnitude this displays hump-shaped richness. Our analyses demonstrate VEFs reduced when consumer increases through elevated nonlinearity interactions, and/or basal such producers decomposers decreases. This explanation supported by 34-year time series from Gulf Riga ecosystem. work suggests loss may not only result decline, also reduce predictability generating greater variability among ecosystems. It thus helps reconcile debate generality disentangle drivers stability. interactions their strengths mediated functional responses shaping warrants further investigations better incorporation into biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research.

Language: Английский

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Soil microbial biomass and bacterial diversity in southern European regions vulnerable to desertification

Ecological Indicators, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 145, P. 109725 - 109725

Published: Nov. 28, 2022

Soil functionality is strongly dependent on the soil microbiota, which in turn affected by quality and climate. Among global change factors, desertification most threatening ecosystem affecting southern Europe, but effects microbiota are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated microbial biomass bacterial diversity regions of European countries (Spain, Portugal Italy), under risk, related to key chemical-physical indicators land use. was positively organic carbon (SOC), negatively correlated with it. pH influencing factor alpha-diversity, while SOC, cation exchange capacity drive biogeographic patterns communities. 16S rRNA gene metagenomics allowed identification a core analyzed semi-arid soils, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria Firmicutes. We identified, at regional scale, few rare multi-extremophilic endemic genera, could reveal functional strategies be exploited for arid restoration. This work creates baseline necessary monitoring soils facing climate evaluation efficacy adaptation measures soils.

Language: Английский

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The interactive effects of soil fertility and tree mycorrhizal association explain spatial variation of diversity–biomass relationships in a subtropical forest

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(5), P. 1037 - 1049

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

Abstract Observed biodiversity–ecosystem function (BEF) relationships are highly variable, particularly in natural forests. However, our understanding of the factors that generate these often contradictory patterns, especially role different mycorrhizal associations, is still limited. By relating tree species richness and above‐ground biomass (AGB) a fully mapped 24‐ha subtropical forest dynamics plot, we evaluated impacts soil fertility type mediating BEF at multiple spatial scales. Our results demonstrate positive total effect on AGB for arbuscular (AM) trees but negative ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees, their were scale dependent. observed turned into small scales (i.e. 10 20 m) after controlling other confounding topography, AM proportion). In addition, found significant interactions between AGB. Specifically, major types gradually weakened with increasing fertility, while EcM enhanced scales, suggesting diversity effects can be largely attributed to resource niche complementarity fungi. Synthesis. We conclude variable among communities could explained by variation abiotic environments community composition because symbionts perform nutrient uptake strategies ability protection from antagonists. findings provide novel insights shape forests, which critical management, conservation restoration changing world.

Language: Английский

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Grazing alters the relationships between species diversity and biomass during community succession in a semiarid grassland

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 887, P. 164155 - 164155

Published: May 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Dung removal increases under higher dung beetle functional diversity regardless of grazing intensification

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Abstract Dung removal by macrofauna such as dung beetles is an important process for nutrient cycling in pasturelands. Intensification of farming practices generally reduces species and functional diversity terrestrial invertebrates, which may negatively affect ecosystem services. Here, we investigate the effects cattle-grazing intensification on field experiments replicated 38 pastures around world. Within each study site, measured managed with low- high-intensity regimes to assess between-regime differences beetle removal, whilst also considering climate regional variations. The impacts were heterogeneous, either diminishing or increasing richness, diversity, rates. more variable across sites than within sites. increased richness sites, while consistently enhanced independently cattle grazing intensity climate. Our findings indicate that, despite intensified stocking rates, services related decomposition can be maintained when a functionally diverse community inhabits human-modified landscape.

Language: Английский

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Reciprocal inhibition and competitive hierarchy cause negative biodiversity‐ecosystem function relationships

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) captivates ecologists, but the factors responsible for direction of this remain unclear. While higher functioning at levels (‘positive BEF’) is not universal in nature, negative BEF relationships seem puzzlingly rare. Here, we develop a dynamical consumer‐resource model inspired by microbial decomposer communities pitcher plant leaves to investigate BEF. We manipulate diversity via controlled colonization measure their as total ammonia production. test how niche partitioning among bacteria other ecological processes influence leaves. find that can emerge from reciprocal interspecific inhibition production causing complementarity effect, or competitive hierarchies selection effect. Absent these factors, positive was typical outcome. Our findings provide potential explanation rarity empirical data.

Language: Английский

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Monospecific mangrove reforestation changes relationship between benthic mollusc diversity and biomass: Implication for coastal wetland management

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 353, P. 120140 - 120140

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity promotes urban ecosystem functioning

Ecography, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(9)

Published: July 18, 2024

The proportion of people living in urban areas is growing globally. Understanding how to manage biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and services becoming more important. Biodiversity can increase functioning non‐urban systems. However, few studies have reviewed the relationship between biodiversity areas, which differ species compositions, abiotic environments, food webs, turnover rates. We evidence biodiversity–ecosystem relationships environments assessed factors that influence direction. Based on 70 studies, were positive than negative especially for pollination nutrient cycling retention. Surprisingly, biomass production storage equally not statistically different, perhaps due extensive plant management areas. number geographic coverage our review was still insufficient provide a general predictive framework when positively impacts functioning. identify gaps opportunities improve research discuss findings green space management.

Language: Английский

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with alpine meadow multifunctionality in a warmer climate with variable precipitation

Soil Biology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 198, P. 109555 - 109555

Published: Aug. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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