Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Nov. 27, 2023
Abstract
Climate
change
is
affecting
the
alpine
ecosystem
at
an
unprecedented
rate,
with
marked
changes
in
spring
phenology
and
elevation
distribution
of
birds.
Changes
European
Alps
are
happening
rapidly,
it
possible
behaviours
stand
to
from
one
year
next.
The
2022
was
characterised
by
climatic
extremes:
Italy
experienced
its
hottest
ever,
driest
since
1800.
Here,
we
assessed
whether
foraging
ecology
two
coexisting
upland
bird
species,
yellow-billed
red-billed
chough,
changed
2021
2022.
We
stay
times,
flock
size,
propensity
mixed
flocking,
home
ranges
altitudinal
distribution.
Stay
times
both
species
when
monospecific
flocks
significantly
shortened
2022,
especially
case
chough.
corvids
known
influence
each
other
together.
In
2021,
as
expected,
chough
decreased
presence
congener,
but
this
did
not
occur
Instead,
increased
results
line
hypothesis
that
large
climate
variations
may
disrupt
mountain
However,
draw
solid
conclusions
just
years
observations,
further
field
research
will
have
be
planned
future.
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A Ecological and Integrative Physiology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 17, 2024
Many
songbirds
begin
active
incubation
after
laying
their
penultimate
egg,
resulting
in
synchronous
hatching
of
the
clutch
except
for
a
last-hatched
individual
("runt")
that
hatches
with
size
deficit
and
competitive
disadvantage
to
siblings
when
begging
food.
However,
climate
change
may
elevate
temperatures
cause
environmental
as
eggs
are
laid,
asynchronous
larger
hierarchies
among
siblings.
Although
previous
work
demonstrated
reduces
nestling
growth
survival
relative
synchrony,
physiological
mechanisms
underlying
these
effects
unclear.
To
test
on
runt
growth,
survival,
physiology,
compensatory
growth-related
tradeoffs,
we
manipulated
temperature
nest
boxes
European
starlings
(Sturnus
vulgaris)
increase
collected
morphological
measurements
blood
samples
assess
physiology
development.
Independent
heating
treatment,
runts
from
asynchronously
hatched
nests
had
lower
than
more
nests.
Surviving
were
smaller
reduced
stress-induced
corticosterone
concentrations
circulating
glucose
compared
Despite
persistent
energy
deficits,
did
not
have
significant
deficits
immunity
or
telomere
length
nests,
suggesting
no
trade-off
between
investment
immune
development
maintenance
growth.
Overall,
results
suggest
increased
asynchrony
due
could
reduce
altricial
songbirds,
especially
smallest
chicks
clutch,
negative
be
driven
by
energetic
deficits.
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Sept. 30, 2022
The
brain
is
among
the
most
energetically
costly
organs
in
vertebrate
body,
while
size
of
varies
within
species.
expensive-tissue
hypothesis
(ETH)
predicts
that
increasing
another
organ,
such
as
gut,
should
compensate
for
cost
a
small
brain.
Here,
ETH
was
tested
by
analyzing
relationship
between
variation
and
digestive
tract
length
Swelled-vented
frog
(
Feirana
quadranus
).
A
total
125
individuals
across
10
populations
ranging
from
586
to
1,702
m
a.s.l.
Qinling-Daba
Mountains
were
sampled.
With
increase
altitude,
decreases
increases.
Different
regions
do
not
change
their
relative
consistent
manner.
sizes
telencephalon
cerebellum
decrease
with
olfactory
nerve
increases
its
at
high
altitudes.
However,
bulb
optic
tectum
have
no
significant
altitude.
After
controlling
snout-vent
(SVL),
negative
correlation
could
be
found
F.
.
Therefore,
intraspecific
follows
general
patterns
this
results
suggest
annual
mean
temperature
precipitation
are
environmental
factors
influencing
adaptive
evolution
length.
This
study
also
suggests
food
composition,
activity
times,
habitat
complexity
potential
reasons
driving
Authorea (Authorea),
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Nov. 6, 2022
Body
size
of
individuals
is
typically
increasing
towards
colder
and
higher
latitudes,
as
larger
body
known
to
be
a
thermoregulatory
adaptation
circumstances.
Here
we
explored
the
spatio–temporal
changes
in
wing
length
weight
24
wintering
bird
species
Northern
Europe
how
these
relate
annual
winter
temperature.
We
show
that
across
all
species,
has
decreased
since
1970s,
with
negative
relationship
between
temperature
anomalies
previous
winters,
suggesting
carry
over
effects
likely
linked
size–related
survival
or
dispersal.
was
negatively
related
anomaly
same
winter,
indicating
more
immediate
reduced
fat
reserves
during
mild
winters.
Our
results
highlight
climate–driven
decrease
several
its’
association
variation
high
latitudes.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Nov. 27, 2023
Abstract
Climate
change
is
affecting
the
alpine
ecosystem
at
an
unprecedented
rate,
with
marked
changes
in
spring
phenology
and
elevation
distribution
of
birds.
Changes
European
Alps
are
happening
rapidly,
it
possible
behaviours
stand
to
from
one
year
next.
The
2022
was
characterised
by
climatic
extremes:
Italy
experienced
its
hottest
ever,
driest
since
1800.
Here,
we
assessed
whether
foraging
ecology
two
coexisting
upland
bird
species,
yellow-billed
red-billed
chough,
changed
2021
2022.
We
stay
times,
flock
size,
propensity
mixed
flocking,
home
ranges
altitudinal
distribution.
Stay
times
both
species
when
monospecific
flocks
significantly
shortened
2022,
especially
case
chough.
corvids
known
influence
each
other
together.
In
2021,
as
expected,
chough
decreased
presence
congener,
but
this
did
not
occur
Instead,
increased
results
line
hypothesis
that
large
climate
variations
may
disrupt
mountain
However,
draw
solid
conclusions
just
years
observations,
further
field
research
will
have
be
planned
future.
