Developmental plasticity in thermal tolerance: Ontogenetic variation, persistence, and future directions

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 2245 - 2268

Published: Aug. 25, 2022

Understanding the factors affecting thermal tolerance is crucial for predicting impact climate change will have on ectotherms. However, role developmental plasticity plays in allowing populations to cope with extremes poorly understood. Here, we meta-analyse how initially and persistently impacted by early (embryonic juvenile) environments using data from 150 experimental studies 138 ectothermic species. Thermal only increased 0.13°C per 1°C temperature substantial variation (~36%) was result of shared evolutionary history species ecology. Aquatic ectotherms were more than three times as plastic terrestrial Notably, embryos expressed weaker but heterogenous older life stages, numerous responses appearing non-adaptive. While temperatures did not persistent effects overall, vastly under-studied, their direction magnitude varied ontogeny. Embryonic stages may represent a critical window vulnerability changing urge researchers consider when assessing Overall, our synthesis suggests that changes rarely reach levels perfect compensation provide limited benefit environments.

Language: Английский

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Genomics for monitoring and understanding species responses to global climate change

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 165 - 183

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

All life forms across the globe are experiencing drastic changes in environmental conditions as a result of global climate change. These happening rapidly, incur substantial socioeconomic costs, pose threats to biodiversity and diminish species' potential adapt future environments. Understanding monitoring how organisms respond human-driven change is therefore major priority for conservation rapidly changing environment. Recent developments genomic, transcriptomic epigenomic technologies enabling unprecedented insights into evolutionary processes molecular bases adaptation. This Review summarizes methods that apply integrate omics tools experimentally investigate, monitor predict species communities wild cope with change, which by genetically adapting new conditions, through range shifts or phenotypic plasticity. We identify advantages limitations each method discuss research avenues would improve our understanding responses highlighting need holistic, multi-omics approaches ecosystem during Species can shifting their these responses.

Language: Английский

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orchaRd 2.0: An R package for visualising meta‐analyses with orchard plots

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 2003 - 2010

Published: June 6, 2023

Abstract Although meta‐analysis has become an essential tool in ecology and evolution, reporting of meta‐analytic results can still be much improved. To aid this, we have introduced the orchard plot, which presents not only overall estimates their confidence intervals, but also shows corresponding heterogeneity (as prediction intervals) individual effect sizes. Here, added significant enhancements by integrating many new functionalities into orchaRd 2.0 . This updated version allows visualisation heteroscedasticity (different variances across levels a categorical moderator), marginal (e.g. marginalising out effects other than one visualised), conditional (i.e. different groups conditioned upon specific values continuous variable) visualisations all types interactions between two categorical/continuous moderators. additional functions calculate key statistics from multilevel models such as I 2 R Importantly, contributes to better complying with PRISMA‐EcoEvo (preferred items for systematic reviews meta‐analyses evolution). Taken together, improve presentation facilitate exploration previously neglected patterns. In addition, part literature survey, found that graphical packages are rarely cited (~3%). We plea researchers credit developers maintainers packages, example, citations figure legend, acknowledging use relevant packages.

Language: Английский

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A systematic map of studies testing the relationship between temperature and animal reproduction

Ecological Solutions and Evidence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Exposure to extreme temperatures can negatively affect animal reproduction, by disrupting the ability of individuals produce any offspring (fertility), or number produced fertile (fecundity). This has important ecological consequences, because reproduction is ultimate measure population fitness: a reduction in reproductive output lowers growth rate and increases extinction risk. Despite this importance, there have been no large‐scale summaries evidence for effect temperature on reproduction. We provide systematic map studies testing relationship between systematically searched published that statistically test direct link terms fertility, fecundity indirect measures potential (gamete gonad traits). Overall, we collated large rich base, with 1654 papers met our inclusion criteria, encompassing 1191 species. The revealed several research gaps. Insects made up almost half dataset, but reptiles amphibians were uncommon, as non‐arthropod invertebrates. Fecundity was most common trait examined, relatively few measured fertility. It uncommon experimental exposure different life stages, short‐term heat cold shock, fluctuations, independently assess male female effects. Studies often journals focusing entomology pest control, ecology evolution, aquaculture fisheries science, marine biology. Finally, while sampled from every continent, strong sampling bias towards mid‐latitudes Northern Hemisphere, such tropics polar regions are less well sampled. reveals literature also uncovers substantial missing treatment taxa, traits, thermal regimes. database will valuable resource future quantitative meta‐analyses, aiming fill identified

Language: Английский

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High Capacity for Physiological Plasticity Occurs at a Slow Rate in Ectotherms

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Phenotypic plasticity enables organisms to express a phenotype that is optimal in their current environment. The ability of obtain the optimum determined by (i) capacity for plasticity, which facilitates phenotypic adjustment corresponding amplitude environmental change but also (ii) rate because this determines if expressed lags behind changes optimum. How of‐ and have co‐evolved will thus be critical resilience under different patterns change. To evaluate direction evolved relationship between capacity, we reanalysed experiments documenting time course thermal tolerance acclimation temperature across species ectothermic animals. We found with responds plastically are negatively correlated, pattern inconsistent theory regarding evolution plasticity.

Language: Английский

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Vulnerability of amphibians to global warming

Nature, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrates, yet their resilience to rising temperatures remains poorly understood1,2. This is primarily because knowledge of thermal tolerance taxonomically and geographically biased3, compromising global climate vulnerability assessments. Here we used a phylogenetically informed data-imputation approach predict heat 60% amphibian species assessed daily temperature variations in refugia. We found that 104 out 5,203 (2%) currently exposed overheating events shaded terrestrial conditions. Despite accounting for heat-tolerance plasticity, 4 °C increase would create step change impact severity, pushing 7.5% beyond physiological limits. In Southern Hemisphere, tropical encounter disproportionally more events, while non-tropical susceptible Northern Hemisphere. These findings challenge evidence general latitudinal gradient risk4-6 underscore importance considering climatic variability provide conservative estimates assuming access cool microenvironments. Thus, impacts warming will probably exceed our projections. Our microclimate-explicit analyses demonstrate vegetation water bodies critical buffering amphibians during waves. Immediate action needed preserve manage these microhabitat features.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive database of amphibian heat tolerance

Scientific Data, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Oct. 4, 2022

Abstract Rising temperatures represent a significant threat to the survival of ectothermic animals. As such, upper thermal limits an important trait assess vulnerability ectotherms changing temperatures. For instance, one may use estimate current and future safety margins (i.e., proximity experienced temperatures), this together with other physiological traits in species distribution models, or investigate plasticity evolvability these for buffering impacts While datasets on tolerance have been previously compiled, they sometimes report single estimates given species, do not present measures data dispersion, are biased towards certain parts globe. To overcome limitations, we systematically searched literature seven languages produce most comprehensive dataset date amphibian limits, spanning 3,095 across 616 species. This resource will useful tool evaluate amphibians, more generally,

Language: Английский

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Long‐term forecast of thermal mortality with climate warming in riverine amphipods

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(17), P. 5033 - 5043

Published: July 4, 2023

Abstract Forecasting long‐term consequences of global warming requires knowledge on thermal mortality and how heat stress interacts with other environmental stressors different timescales. Here, we describe a flexible analytical framework to forecast risks by combining laboratory measurements tolerance field temperature records. Our incorporates physiological acclimation effects, temporal scale differences the ecological reality fluctuations in temperature, factors such as oxygen. As proof concept, investigated amphipods Dikerogammarus villosus Echinogammarus trichiatus river Waal, Netherlands. These organisms were acclimated temperatures oxygen levels. By integrating experimental data high‐resolution data, derived daily probabilities for each species under levels, considering current well 1 2°C scenarios. expressing probability rather than upper critical these can be used calculate cumulative annual mortality, allowing scaling up from individuals populations. findings indicate substantial increase over coming decades, driven projected increases summer temperatures. Thermal adequate oxygenation improved their effects magnified longer Consequently, appear more effective previously recognized crucial persistence However, even best‐case scenario, D. is expected approach 100% 2100, while E. appears less vulnerable increasing 60%. Similarly, vary spatially: In southern, warmer rivers, riverine animals will need shift main channel toward cooler head waters avoid mortality. Overall, this generates forecasts rising temperatures, combination hypoxia, impact communities.

Language: Английский

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Acclimation capacity to global warming of amphibians and freshwater fishes: Drivers, patterns, and data limitations

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Amphibians and fishes play a central role in shaping the structure function of freshwater environments. These organisms have limited capacity to disperse across different habitats thermal buffer offered by systems is small. Understanding determinants patterns their physiological sensitivity life history is, therefore, imperative predicting impacts climate change systems. Based on systematic literature review including 345 experiments with 998 estimates 96 amphibian (Anura/Caudata) 93 fish species (Teleostei), we conducted quantitative synthesis explore phylogenetic, ontogenetic, biogeographic (thermal adaptation) upper tolerance (CT max ) acclimation (acclimation response ratio, ARR) as well influence methodology used assess these traits using conditional inference tree analysis. We found globally consistent CT ARR, phylogeny (taxa/order), experimental methodology, climatic origin, stage significant traits. The analysis demonstrated that does not primarily depend origin but temperature duration, stage. Higher temperatures longer times led higher values, whereby Anuran larvae revealed than older stages. ARR was more twice amphibians. Differences between stages were significant. In addition phylogenetic differences, also depended ramping rate, adaptation local variability. However, amount data early too small, methodologically inconsistent, phylogenetically unbalanced identify potential cycle bottlenecks We, propose methods improve robustness comparability /ARR stages, which crucial for conservation biodiversity under change.

Language: Английский

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Developmental environment has lasting effects on amphibian post-metamorphic behavior and thermal physiology

Journal of Experimental Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 226(9)

Published: April 11, 2023

ABSTRACT Environmental challenges early in development can result complex phenotypic trade-offs and long-term effects on individual physiology, performance behavior, with implications for disease predation risk. We examined the of simulated pond drying elevated water temperatures development, growth, thermal physiology behavior a North American amphibian, Rana sphenocephala. Tadpoles were raised outdoor mesocosms under warming regimes based projected climatic conditions 2070. predicted that amphibians experiencing rapid associated climate change would accelerate be smaller at metamorphosis demonstrate differences exploratory post-metamorphosis. Although both accelerated reduced survival to metamorphosis, only resulted animals metamorphosis. Around 1 month post-metamorphosis, from control treatment jumped relatively farther high jumping trials. In addition, across all treatments, frogs shorter larval periods had lower critical minima maxima. also found developing less behavioral phenotype, higher selected gradient. Furthermore, preference, selecting temperatures. Our results underscore multi-faceted developmental environments physiological phenotypes later life. Thermal preference influence risk through thermoregulation, may increase or pathogen encounter. Thus, stressors during mediate amphibian exposure susceptibility predators pathogens into life stages.

Language: Английский

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