Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 1336 - 1336

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly recognized as a complex metabolic disorder that manifests in genetically susceptible women following range of negative exposures to nutritional and environmental factors related contemporary lifestyle. The hypothesis PCOS phenotypes are derived from mismatch between ancient genetic survival mechanisms modern lifestyle practices supported by diversity research findings. proposed evolutionary model the pathogenesis incorporates evidence theory, studies, utero developmental epigenetic programming, transgenerational inheritance, features including insulin resistance, obesity apparent paradox lean phenotypes, reproductive effects subfertility, impact microbiome dysbiosis, endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure, influence such poor-quality diet physical inactivity. Based on these premises, diverse lines synthesized into composite PCOS. It hoped this will assist clinicians patients understand importance interventions prevention management provide conceptual framework for future research. appreciated theory represents synthesis current it expected evolve change over time.

Language: Английский

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Endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome are diametric disorders

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 1693 - 1715

Published: May 4, 2021

Evolutionary and comparative approaches can yield novel insights into human adaptation disease. Endometriosis polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) each affect up to 10% of women significantly reduce the health, fertility, quality life those affected. PCOS endometriosis have yet be considered as related one another, although both conditions involve alterations prenatal testosterone levels atypical functioning hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Here, we propose evaluate hypothesis that represent extreme diametric (opposite) outcomes variation in HPG axis development activity, with mediated notable part by low postnatal testosterone, while is high testosterone. This disorder predicts that, for characteristics shaped axis, including hormonal profiles, reproductive physiology, life-history traits, body morphology, will manifest opposite phenotypes. To these predictions, review synthesize existing evidence from developmental biology, endocrinology, history, epidemiology. The phenotypes between strongly supported across diverse fields research. Furthermore, contrasts humans parallel differences among nonhuman animals effects versus on female traits. These findings suggest maladaptive extremes expression sexually dimorphic provides novel, unifying, proximate, evolutionary explanations risk, synthesizes lines research concerning two most common disorders, generates future avenues improving health women.

Language: Английский

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The kisspeptin system in and beyond reproduction: exploring intricate pathways and potential links between endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome

Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 239 - 257

Published: July 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Implication of Mechanistic Approaches and the Role of the Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Review

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 129 - 129

Published: Jan. 14, 2023

As a complex endocrine and metabolic condition, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) affects women’s reproductive health. These common symptoms include hirsutism, hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, irregular menstruation, infertility. No one knows what causes it or how to stop yet. Alterations in gut microbiota composition disruptions secondary bile acid production appear play causative role developing PCOS. PCOS pathophysiology phenotypes are tightly related both enteric vaginal bacteria. Patients with exhibit changed microbiome compositions decreased microbial diversity. Intestinal microorganisms also alter patient by upregulating downregulating hormone release, gut-brain mediators, metabolite synthesis. The human body’s microbiota, known as the “second genome,” can interact environment improve immunological function. Inflammation is connected may be caused dysbiosis microbiome. This review sheds light on recently discovered connections between insulin resistance (IR) potential mechanisms of study describes metabolomic studies obtain clear view ways tackle it.

Language: Английский

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Developmental programming of reproduction in the female animal

Animal Reproduction Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 263, P. 107456 - 107456

Published: March 16, 2024

Language: Английский

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Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Female Health Concern: Gender-based Accumulation Differences, Adverse Outcomes, and Mechanisms

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

The deleterious health implications of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely recognized. Females, in contrast to males, exhibit unique pathways for PFAS exposure excretion, leading complex outcomes. status females is largely influenced by hormone-related processes. have been reported be associated with various aspects female health, including reproductive system disorders pregnancy-related diseases. In this article, we provide insights into the correlations between female-prevalent Current epidemiological toxicological evidence has demonstrated that adverse effects on primarily attributed disruption hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis hormonal homeostasis. However, these findings do not sufficiently elucidate intricate associations specific Furthermore, autoimmune disorders, another category more prevalent women compared men, require additional investigation. Immune biomarkers pertinent observed exposure, although insufficient substantiate relations. Further thorough exploration encompassing studies essential elucidating inherent influence human pathologies. Additionally, comprehensive investigations issues beyond their functions essential.

Language: Английский

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Consensus on Symptom Selection for Endometriosis Questionnaires: A Modified e‐Delphi Study

BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

ABSTRACT Objective To build consensus on most important symptoms and related consequences for use in questionnaires to characterise individuals with suspected confirmed endometriosis the general population. Design A questionnaire of 107 was collaboratively developed by patients, medical doctors researchers further assessed a two‐round e‐Delphi study. Participants relevance symptoms, priori it decided that 70% threshold inclusion symptom. Setting represented 7 countries, including Australia, Denmark, France, Hungary, United Kingdom, States, Turkey. Population Individuals endometriosis, expertise endometriosis. Methods modified Main Outcome Measures Consensus‐based selection questionnaires. Results Seventy‐six participants completed first Delphi round 65 second round. Four met (menstrual pain, pain during sexual intercourse, cyclic defecation, infertility), two additional reaching (cyclic increased doctor/health care contacts abdominal/pelvic pain). Conclusion This study highlighted six relevant research questionnaires: menstrual infertility, high number visits due pain. Recognising broad range potential is essential raising awareness supporting early detection efforts.

Language: Английский

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The evolutionary biology of endometriosis

Evolution Medicine and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 174 - 191

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Abstract We provide the first analysis and synthesis of evolutionary mechanistic bases for risk endometriosis in humans, structured around Niko Tinbergen's four questions about phenotypes: phylogenetic history, development, mechanism adaptive significance. Endometriosis, which is characterized by proliferation endometrial tissue outside uterus, has its roots evolution three causally linked traits: (1) highly invasive placentation, (2) spontaneous rather than implantation-driven decidualization (3) frequent extensive estrogen-driven inflammation, followed heavy menstrual bleeding. Endometriosis potentiated these traits appears to be driven, proximately, relatively low levels prenatal postnatal testosterone. Testosterone affects developing hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis, at levels, it can result an altered trajectory reproductive physiological phenotypes that extreme cases mediate symptoms endometriosis. Polycystic ovary syndrome, contrast, known from previous work caused primarily high testosterone, demonstrates a set opposite those found The hypothesis driven involves expression some phenotypes, supported suite evidence genetics, endocrinology, morphology life history. also provides insights into why two diametric, fitness-reducing disorders are maintained such frequencies human populations. Finally, hypotheses described evaluated here lead numerous testable predictions have direct implications treatment study Lay summary: uterus. explain how humans vulnerable this disease, new perspectives on understanding treating it. shows being part testosterone during fetal ‘programs’ female development. By polycystic syndrome associated with These thus seen as ‘opposite’ one another their major causes correlates. Important regarding diagnosis, follow considerations.

Language: Английский

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Endometriosis increases the risk of gestational diabetes: a meta-analysis stratified by mode of conception, disease localization and severity

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: May 19, 2023

Abstract To review the current evidence on risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women with endometriosis, taking into account relevant confounders such as higher frequency Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) conceptions. Database searches PubMed, Medline, Embase and Scopus through June 2022, using combinations keywords. A total 18 studies, involving N = 4,600,885 women, were included. The overall GDM endometriosis patients was significantly than controls (OR, 1.23; 95% CI 1.07–1.51). This significant association persisted natural pregnancies 1.08; 1.04–1.12) but not conceived ART 0.93;95% 0.70–1.24). Based limited number studies that examined this relation to phenotype, an increased found more severe stages 3.20; 1.20–8.54) independently from localization lesions. Endometriosis increases GDM, a possible progressive effect advanced disease. Although magnitude may be some subgroups, finding has clinically impact due both strong biological plausibility relatively high incidence GDM.

Language: Английский

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From Retrograde Menstruation to Endometrial Determinism and a Brave New World of “Root Treatment” of Endometriosis: Destiny or a Fanciful Utopia?

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 336 - 336

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Practically unknown outside of China, the "endometrial determinism" theory was proposed to account for apparent gap between relatively low prevalence endometriosis and nearly universal retrograde menstruation. Attracting uncritical advocacy, culminates in a recent consensus by elite Chinese gynecologists favor "root treatment", intended nip bud. Correcting endometrial "defects" can gain further momentum presence cancer-driver mutations such as KRAS endometrium women with introduction therapeutics aiming rectify effect these cancer treatment. We provide critical appraisal evidence aberrations relevant experimental evidence. All available "defect" is invariably post hoc may well be secondary induced endometriosis. propose that needs demonstrate clear causal phylogenetic relationship argue while it highly likely consequence menstruation, case molecular sole or necessary determinant remains proven. "Root treatment" worthy ambition but now close fanciful Utopia.

Language: Английский

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