Asymmetric Inheritance: The Diversity and Evolution of Non-Mendelian Reproductive Strategies

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 1 - 23

Published: July 29, 2022

The ability to reproduce is the key trait that distinguishes living organisms from inorganic matter, and strategies used achieve successful reproduction are almost as diverse themselves. In animals, most widespread form of involves separate male female sexes: Each sex produces haploid gametes via meiosis, two fuse a new diploid organism. some cases, both parents contribute equally nuclear cytoplasmic genomes their offspring. However, such fully symmetric represents extreme end continuum toward complete asymmetry, where offspring inherit only one parents. Asymmetries also occur with respect fate maternally paternally inherited which affected by non-Mendelian inheritance. this review, we describe diversity animal reproductive systems along different axes symmetry–asymmetry suggest evolutionary routes may have led increased levels asymmetry.

Language: Английский

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Paternal genome elimination: patterns and mechanisms of drive and silencing

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 102065 - 102065

Published: July 4, 2023

In thousands of arthropod species, males inherit, but subsequently eliminate the entire haploid genome their father. However, why this peculiar reproductive strategy evolved repeatedly across diverse species and what mechanisms are involved in paternal elimination (PGE) remains largely unknown. review, we summarize know about patterns chromosome during various stages development taxa that have been studied. We also discuss some other unusual features often associated with PGE, such as transcriptional silencing paternally derived chromosomes sex determination through early embryonic X chromosomes. Little is known molecular underlying parent-of-origin-dependent under insight several studies pioneering work highlight directions for future research.

Language: Английский

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Faster‐haplodiploid evolution under divergence‐with‐gene‐flow: Simulations and empirical data from pine‐feeding hymenopterans

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(8), P. 2348 - 2366

Published: March 1, 2022

Abstract Although haplodiploidy is widespread in nature, the evolutionary consequences of this mode reproduction are not well characterized. Here, we examine how genome‐wide hemizygosity and a lack recombination haploid males affects genomic differentiation populations that diverge via natural selection while experiencing gene flow. First, simulated diploid haplodiploid “genomes” (500‐kb loci) evolving under an isolation‐with‐migration model with mutation, drift, selection, migration recombination; examined at neutral sites both tightly loosely linked to divergently selected site. As long as there divergent migration, sex‐limited cause elevated (i.e., produce “faster‐haplodiploid effect”) relative otherwise equivalent populations, for recessive codominant mutations. Second, used single nucleotide polymorphism data divergence history describe patterns between sympatric Neodiprion lecontei N . pinetum , pair pine sawfly species (order: Hymenoptera; family: Diprionidae) specialized on different hosts. These analyses support continuous exchange throughout reveal pattern heterogeneous consistent many unlinked loci. Third, using simulations according estimated found would lead higher haplodiploids. Based these results, hypothesize haplodiploids undergo divergence‐with‐gene‐flow speciation more readily than diploids.

Language: Английский

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Genomic evidence of paternal genome elimination in the globular springtailAllacma fusca

Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 222(3)

Published: Aug. 10, 2022

Abstract Paternal genome elimination—a type of reproduction in which males inherit but fail to pass on their father’s genome—evolved independently 6–8 arthropod clades. Thousands species, including several important for agriculture, reproduce via this mode reproduction. While paternal elimination is well established some the clades, evidence globular springtails (Symphypleona) remains elusive, even though they represent oldest and most species-rich clade putatively reproducing elimination. We sequenced genomic DNA from whole bodies Allacma fusca with high fractions (>27.5%) sperm conclusively confirm that all carry 1 parental haplotype only. Although it suggestive single present maternally inherited, definitive genetic proof parent origin still needed. The approach we developed allows detection genotypic differences between germline soma species sufficiently fraction bodies. This opens new opportunities scans reproductive modes small organisms.

Language: Английский

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Biased social chromosome transmission in males of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta

G3 Genes Genomes Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 6, 2024

Selfish genetic elements subvert the normal rules of inheritance to unfairly propagate themselves, often at expense other genomic and fitness individuals carrying them. Social life provides diverse avenues for propagation such elements. In fire ant Solenopsis invicta, polymorphic social organization is controlled by a chromosome, one variant which (Sb) enhances its own transmission in polygyne colonies through effects on caste development queen acceptance workers. Whether selfish Sb extend haploid (reproductive) males this system less clear. Here, we demonstrate strong overrepresentation chromosome haplotype reproductive males, relative Mendelian expectations, both pupal adult stages. We tested presence selective execution SB workers but did not detect behavior. Combined with imbalance frequencies already early stage, these results indicate that supergene may distort male during larval or embryonic development. These findings are significant because they yet another mode tendencies manifested, illuminate complex interactions between breeding system, inform models population dynamics Sb, illustrate how can increase frequency despite harboring deleterious mutations.

Language: Английский

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The transcriptome of Icerya aegyptiaca (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) and comparison with neococcoids reveal genetic clues of evolution in the scale insects

BMC Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: May 3, 2023

Scale insects are worldwide sap-sucking parasites, which can be distinguished into neococcoids and non-neococcoids. Neococcoids monophyletic with a peculiar reproductive system, paternal genome elimination (PGE). Different neococcoids, Iceryini, tribe in non-neococcoids including several damaging pests, has abdominal spiracles, compound eyes males, relatively abundant wax, unique hermaphrodite specific symbionts. However, the current studies on gene resources genomic mechanism of scale mainly limited lacked comparison an evolution frame.We sequenced de novo assembled transcriptome Icerya aegyptiaca (Douglas), pest used it as representative to compare genomes or transcriptomes other six species from different families neococcoids. We found that genes under positive selection negative intensification (simplified "selected genes" below) I. included those related neurogenesis development, especially eye development. Some fatty acid biosynthesis were its high expression not detected These results may indicate potential link structures wax compared Meanwhile, DNA repair, mitosis, spindle, cytokinesis oogenesis, selected aegyptiaca, is possibly associated cell division germ formation system. Chromatin-related process enriched along some mitosis-related also detected, their PGE Moreover, neococcoid species, male-biased tend undergo relaxation candidate horizontally transferred (HTGs) derived bacteria fungi. bioD bioB, two biotin-synthesizing HTGs exclusively respectively, show demand changes symbiotic relationships.Our study reports first provides preliminary insights for genetic change structures, systems symbiont relationships at evolutionary aspect. This will provide basis further research control insects.

Language: Английский

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Sexual antagonism in sequential hermaphrodites

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 290(2011)

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Females and males may have distinct phenotypic optima, but share essentially the same complement of genes, potentially leading to trade-offs between attaining high fitness through female versus male reproductive success. Such sexual antagonism be particularly acute in hermaphrodites, where both strategies are housed within a single individual. While previous models focused on simultaneous hermaphroditism, we lack theory for how play out under sequential which has additional complexities age-structure. Here, develop formal hermaphrodites. First, construct general theoretical overview problem, then consider different types sexually antagonistic life-history trade-offs, modes genetic inheritance (autosomal or cytoplasmic), forms hermaphroditism (protogynous, protoandrous bidirectional). Finally, provide concrete illustration these patterns by developing two-stage two-sex model, yields conditions invasion alleles maintenance polymorphisms.

Language: Английский

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Genomic evidence of paternal genome elimination in the globular springtailAllacma fusca

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 14, 2021

A bstract Paternal genome elimination (PGE) - a type of reproduction in which males inherit but fail to pass on their father’s evolved independently six eight arthropod clades. Thousands species, including several important for agriculture, reproduce via this mode reproduction. While PGE is well established some the clades, evidence globular springtails (Symphypleona) remains elusive, even though they represent oldest and most species rich clade putatively reproducing PGE. We sequenced genomic DNA from whole bodies Allacma fusca with high fractions (>27.5%) sperm conclusively confirm that all carry one parental haplotype only. Although it suggestive single present maternally inherited, definitive genetic proof parent origin still needed. The approach we developed allows detection genotypic differences between germline soma sufficiently fraction bodies. This opens new opportunities scans reproductive modes small organisms.

Language: Английский

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Sexual antagonism in sequential hermaphrodites

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 2, 2023

Abstract Females and males may have distinct phenotypic optima, but share essentially the same complement of genes, potentially leading to trade-offs between attaining high fitness through female versus male reproductive success. Such sexual antagonism be particularly acute in hermaphrodites, whereby both strategies are housed within a single individual. Whilst previous models focused on simultaneous hermaphroditism, we lack theory for how play out under sequential which additional complexities age-structure. Here develop formal hermaphrodites. First, general theoretical overview problem, then consider different types sexually antagonistic life-history trade-offs, modes genetic inheritance (autosomal or cytoplasmic), forms hermaphroditism (protogynous, protoandrous bi-directional). Finally, provide concrete illustration these patterns by developing two-stage two-sex model, yields conditions invasion alleles maintenance polymorphisms.

Language: Английский

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Paternal genome elimination creates contrasting evolutionary trajectories in male and female citrus mealybugs

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 30, 2024

Abstract Most studies of sex-biased genes explore their evolution in familiar chromosomal sex determination systems, leaving the differences under alternative reproductive systems unknown. Here we system paternal genome elimination employed by mealybugs (Hempitera: Pseudococcidae) which have no chromosomes. Instead, all chromosomes are autosomal and inherited two copies, but is determined ploidy expression. Females express both parental alleles, males reliably silence paternally chromosomes, creating genome-wide haploid expression diploid females. Additionally, sons do not alleles directly from fathers, potentially disrupting male-benefitting traits. To understand how these dynamics impact molecular evolution, generated sex-specific RNAseq, a new gene annotation, whole-genome population sequencing citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri . We found that expressed primarily females hold more variation evolve quickly than those or sexes. Conversely, adaptation occurs mainly Put together, appears to slow change on male side but, increasing selective scrutiny, increase amount genes. These results expand our understanding non-mendelian genetic data should prove useful for future research this pest insect.

Language: Английский

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