A guide to the composition and functions of the extracellular matrix

FEBS Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 288(24), P. 6850 - 6912

Published: Feb. 21, 2021

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic 3‐dimensional network of macromolecules that provides structural support for the cells and tissues. Accumulated knowledge clearly demonstrated over last decade ECM plays key regulatory roles since it orchestrates cell signaling, functions, properties morphology. Extracellularly secreted as well cell‐bound factors are among major members family. Proteins/glycoproteins, such collagens, elastin, laminins tenascins, proteoglycans glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronan, their receptors CD44 integrins, responsible adhesion, comprise well‐organized functional with significant in health disease. On other hand, enzymes metalloproteinases specific glycosidases including heparanase hyaluronidases contribute to remodeling affect human health. Several processes them proliferation survival, migration, differentiation, autophagy, angiogenesis, immunity regulation affected by certain components. Structural alterations have been also associated disease progression. This guide on composition functions gives broad overview matrisome, macromolecules, interaction networks within surface, summarizes main features tissue organization emphasizes importance constituents development progression advances molecular targeting design new therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Current hydrogel advances in physicochemical and biological response-driven biomedical application diversity

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Hydrogel is a type of versatile platform with various biomedical applications after rational structure and functional design that leverages on material engineering to modulate its physicochemical properties (e.g., stiffness, pore size, viscoelasticity, microarchitecture, degradability, ligand presentation, stimulus-responsive properties, etc.) influence cell signaling cascades fate. In the past few decades, plethora pioneering studies have been implemented explore cell-hydrogel matrix interactions figure out underlying mechanisms, paving way lab-to-clinic translation hydrogel-based therapies. this review, we first introduced hydrogels their fabrication approaches concisely. Subsequently, comprehensive description deep discussion were elucidated, wherein influences different behaviors cellular events highlighted. These or included integrin clustering, focal adhesion (FA) complex accumulation activation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, protein cyto-nuclei shuttling activation Yes-associated (YAP), catenin, etc.), compartment reorganization, gene expression, further biology modulation spreading, migration, proliferation, lineage commitment, etc.). Based them, current in vitro vivo hydrogel mainly covered diseases models, delivery protocols for tissue regeneration disease therapy, smart drug carrier, bioimaging, biosensor, conductive wearable/implantable biodevices, etc. summarized discussed. More significantly, clinical potential trials presented, accompanied which remaining challenges future perspectives field emphasized. Collectively, insights review will shed light principles new understand processes, are available providing significant indications serving broad range applications.

Language: Английский

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The extracellular matrix in development

Development, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 147(10)

Published: May 15, 2020

ABSTRACT As the crucial non-cellular component of tissues, extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical support and signaling regulation to cells. Some ECM molecules provide a fibrillar environment around cells, while others sheet-like basement membrane scaffold beneath epithelial In this Review, we focus on recent studies investigating mechanical, biophysical cues provided developing tissues by different types in variety organisms. addition, discuss how helps regulate tissue morphology during embryonic development governing key elements cell shape, adhesion, migration differentiation.

Language: Английский

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Matrix Metalloproteinases Shape the Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 146 - 146

Published: Dec. 23, 2021

Cancer progression with uncontrolled tumor growth, local invasion, and metastasis depends largely on the proteolytic activity of numerous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which affect tissue integrity, immune cell recruitment, turnover by degrading extracellular (ECM) components releasing matrikines, surface-bound cytokines, growth factors, or their receptors. Among MMPs, MMP-14 is driving force behind destruction during cancer invasion metastasis. also influences both intercellular as well cell-matrix communication regulating many plasma membrane-anchored proteins. cells other stroma, embedded in a common matrix, interact means various adhesive structures, particularly invadopodia are capable to remodel through spatially temporally finely tuned proteolysis. As deeper understanding underlying functional mechanisms beneficial for development new prognostic predictive markers targeted therapies, this review examined current knowledge interplay MMPs context protein, subcellular, cellular level focus MMP14.

Language: Английский

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Emerging roles of ECM remodeling processes in cancer

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 62, P. 192 - 200

Published: Sept. 10, 2019

Language: Английский

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The fibrogenic niche in kidney fibrosis: components and mechanisms

Nature Reviews Nephrology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. 545 - 557

Published: July 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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The myofibroblast at a glance

Journal of Cell Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 133(13)

Published: July 1, 2020

ABSTRACT In 1971, Gabbiani and co-workers discovered characterized the “modification of fibroblasts into cells which are capable an active spasm” (contraction) in rat wound granulation tissue and, accordingly, named these ‘myofibroblasts’. Now, myofibroblasts not only recognized for their physiological role repair but also as that key promoting development fibrosis all organs. this Cell Science at a Glance accompanying poster, we provide overview current understanding central aspects myofibroblast biology, such definition, activation from different precursors, involved signaling pathways most widely used models to study function. Myofibroblasts will be placed context with extracellular matrix other cell types communicating fibrotic environment. Furthermore, challenges strategies target anti-fibrotic therapies summarized emphasize crucial disease progression.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of Collagen I and Collagen III in Tissue Injury and Regeneration

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 07(01)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

The structure of connective tissues including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments as well many organs, like the skin, heart, liver, kidney, lungs, blood vessels, bones, depend on collagen. bulk network structural proteins that make up extracellular matrix heart is composed collagen type I III, which provide support for muscle cells are crucial cardiac function. prognosis progression a disease or diseased state may be significantly impacted by upregulation downregulation types, particularly Col III. For example, increasing protein levels impose myocardial stiffness, impairing diastolic systolic function myocardium. Collagen stiff fibrillar gives tensile strength, whereas III produces an elastic stores kinetic energy rebound. These two have distinct physical properties in nature. Therefore, control potential relevance I/Col ratio biological processes serve foundation this comprehensive review article.

Language: Английский

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The Functional Role of Extracellular Matrix Proteins in Cancer

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 238 - 238

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly dynamic as it constantly deposited, remodeled and degraded to maintain tissue homeostasis. ECM a major structural component of the tumor microenvironment, cancer development progression require its extensive reorganization. Cancerized biochemically different in composition stiffer compared normal ECM. abnormal affects by directly promoting cell proliferation, survival, migration differentiation. restructured degradation fragments (matrikines) also modulate signaling cascades mediated interaction with cell-surface receptors, deregulate stromal behavior lead emergence an oncogenic microenvironment. Here, we summarize current state understanding how structure changes during progression. We describe functional role key proteins, especially tenascin C fibronectin, molecules involved formation well pathways that they activate cells.

Language: Английский

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The inflammatory speech of fibroblasts

Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 302(1), P. 126 - 146

Published: May 13, 2021

Activation of fibroblasts is a key event during normal tissue repair after injury and the dysregulated processes that result in organ fibrosis. To most researchers, are rather unremarkable spindle-shaped cells embedded fibrous collagen matrix connective tissues and/or deemed useful to perform mechanistic studies with adherent culture. For more than century, escaped thorough classification due lack specific markers were treated as leftovers all other have been identified from sample. With novel cell lineage tracing single transcriptomics tools, bona fide emerge only one heterogeneous sub-population much larger group partly overlapping types, including mesenchymal stromal cells, fibro-adipogenic progenitor pericytes, perivascular cells. All these activated contribute chronic inflammation. "Activation" can entail various functions, such enhanced proliferation, migration, instruction inflammatory secretion extracellular proteins organizing enzymes, acquisition contractile myofibroblast phenotype. We provide our view on fibroblastic types activation states playing role physiological pathological their crosstalk macrophages. Inflammation fibrosis articular synovium rheumatoid arthritis osteoarthritis used examples discuss fibroblast phenotypes. Ultimately, delineating precursors functional roles will better intervention strategies treat fibroproliferative fibrocontractive disorders.

Language: Английский

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