A meta‐analysis of nestedness and turnover components of beta diversity across organisms and ecosystems

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 27(1), P. 96 - 109

Published: Oct. 27, 2017

Abstract Aim The number of studies investigating the nestedness and turnover components beta diversity has increased substantially, but our general understanding drivers remains elusive. Here, we examined effects species traits, spatial extent, latitude ecosystem type on diversity. Location Global. Time period 1968–2017. Major taxa studied From bacteria to mammals. Methods 99 that partition total into its components, assembled 269 259 data points for pairwise multiple site beta‐diversity metrics, respectively. Our covered a broad variation in dispersal type, body size trophic position. were from freshwater, marine terrestrial realms, encompassed geographical areas tropics near polar regions. We used linear modelling as meta‐regression tool analyse data. Results Pairwise turnover, all decreased significantly with latitude. In contrast, showed positive relationship Beta‐diversity did not generally differ among realms. component whereas was scale invariant metrics. Multiple vary extent. Surprisingly, passively dispersed organisms had lower than flying organisms. Body relatively weak important interactions position, thus also affecting via interactive effects. Producers higher average carnivores. Main conclusions present results provide evidence being consistently larger diversity, are related study area intrinsic organismal features. two opposing patterns regard highlight may give additional insights underlying causes variability biotic communities compared alone.

Language: Английский

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The role of dispersal in river network metacommunities: Patterns, processes, and pathways

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 63(1), P. 141 - 163

Published: Oct. 9, 2017

Abstract River networks are hierarchical dendritic habitats embedded within the terrestrial landscape, with varying connectivity between sites depending on their positions along network. This physical organisation influences dispersal of organisms, which ultimately affects metacommunity dynamics and biodiversity patterns. We provide a conceptual synthesis role river in structuring metacommunities relation to processes riverine ecosystems. explore where network best explains observed structure compared other measurements connectivity. mostly focus invertebrates, but also consider taxonomic groups, including microbes, fishes, plants, amphibians. Synthesising studies that multiple spatial distance metrics, we found importance itself explaining patterns depended variety factors, mode (aquatic versus aerial terrestrial) landscape type (arid mesic), as well location‐specific such connectivity, land use, topographic heterogeneity, biotic interactions. The appears be less important for strong dispersers insects arid systems than groups biomes, there is considerable variability. Borrowing from literature, particularly genetics, developed model predicts explanatory power peaks mesic obligate aquatic dispersers. propose directions future avenues research, use manipulative field laboratory experiments test theory networks. While have own benefits drawbacks (e.g. reality, control, cost), both powerful approaches understanding mechanisms metacommunities, by teasing apart niche‐related factors. Finally, improving our knowledge will benefit expanding breadth cost‐distance modelling better infer observational data; an improved life‐history strategies rather relying independent traits; exploring individual‐level variation through detailed genetic studies; fine‐scale environmental daily hydrology) organismal spatiotemporal variability; synthesising comparative, experimental, theoretical work. Expanding these areas help push current state science largely pattern‐detection into new phase more mechanistically driven research.

Language: Английский

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Lakes in the era of global change: moving beyond single‐lake thinking in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 96(1), P. 89 - 106

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

ABSTRACT The Anthropocene presents formidable threats to freshwater ecosystems. Lakes are especially vulnerable and important at the same time. They cover only a small area worldwide but harbour high levels of biodiversity contribute disproportionately ecosystem services. differ with respect their general type (e.g. land‐locked, drainage, floodplain large lakes) position in landscape highland versus lowland lakes), which dynamics these systems. should be generally viewed as ‘meta‐systems’, whereby is strongly affected by species dispersal, contributed flow matter substances among locations broader waterscape context. Lake connectivity determine degree lake prone invasion non‐native accumulation harmful substances. Highly connected lakes low accumulate nutrients pollutants originating from ecosystems higher landscape. monitoring restoration services consider fact that dynamism present local, regional global scales. However, local may plagued unpredictability ecological phenomena, hindering adaptive management lakes. Although data increasingly becoming available study responses change, we still lack suitable integration models for entire waterscapes. Research across disciplinary boundaries needed address challenges face because they play an role harbouring unique aquatic biota well providing goods future.

Language: Английский

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Disentangling the mechanisms shaping the surface ocean microbiota

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 20, 2020

Abstract Background The ocean microbiota modulates global biogeochemical cycles and changes in its configuration may have large-scale consequences. Yet, the underlying ecological mechanisms structuring it are unclear. Here, we investigate how fundamental ( selection , dispersal drift ) shape smallest members of tropical subtropical surface-ocean microbiota: prokaryotes minute eukaryotes (picoeukaryotes). Furthermore, agents exerting abiotic on this assemblage as well spatial patterns emerging from action mechanisms. To explore this, analysed composition prokaryotic picoeukaryotic communities using DNA-sequence data (16S- 18S-rRNA genes) collected during circumglobal expeditions Malaspina - 2010 TARA Oceans . Results We found that two main components microbiota, picoeukaryotes, appear to be structured by different Picoeukaryotic were predominantly dispersal-limitation, while counterparts appeared shaped combined drift. Temperature-driven a major factor, out few selected factors, influencing species co-occurrence networks but not indicating association contribute understand structure response selection. Other measured variables seemed limited selective effects community ocean. Picoeukaryotes displayed higher differentiation between distance decay when compared prokaryotes, consistent with scenario limitation former after considering environmental heterogeneity. Lastly, random dynamics or more important role than counterparts. Conclusions differential seems cause contrasting biogeography, ocean, among surface plankton, picoeukaryotes. This suggests idiosyncrasy constituents should considered order current future configuration, which is especially relevant context change, where reaction plankton temperature increase still

Language: Английский

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Towards understanding the organisation of metacommunities in highly dynamic ecological systems

Oikos, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 125(2), P. 149 - 159

Published: Oct. 7, 2015

Community ecology recognises today that local biological communities are not only affected by biotic interactions and abiotic environmental conditions, but also regional processes (e.g. dispersal). While much is known about how metacommunities organised in space terrestrial, marine freshwater ecological systems, their temporal variations remain poorly studied. Here, we address the question of dynamics highly variable using intermittent rivers (IRs), those which temporarily stop flowing or dry up, as a model system. We first review habitat heterogeneity time influences metacommunity organisation. Second, compare IRs to perennial (PRs) develop idea could undergo dynamic shifts due variability community processes. Third, IRs, wet phases closely intertwined, thereby increasing even more respective dynamics. Last, provide roadmap stimulate further conceptual empirical developments research identify possible applications for improving management other systems. Synthesis Extensive has examined importance interactions, filtering, on assembly. Movement organisms between sites, i.e. dispersal, major set within this framework. However, subsequent organisation varies over ecosystems because characteristics such configuration composition continuously shift. Intermittent an ideal systems examine these ideas cease limiting dispersal events. proposed hypothesis will frequent structure response filtering dispersal. In addition providing developing perspective ecology, framework provides direct insights rivers.

Language: Английский

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Factors influencing aquatic and terrestrial bacterial community assembly

Environmental Microbiology Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 306 - 315

Published: Jan. 9, 2019

During recent years, many studies have shown that different processes including drift, environmental selection and dispersal can be important for the assembly of bacterial communities in aquatic terrestrial ecosystems. However, we lack a conceptual overview about ecological context factors influence relative importance mechanisms determine their dynamics time space. Focusing on free-living, i.e., nonhost associated, communities, this minireview, therefore, summarizes conceptualizes findings from empirical how (i) factors, such as heterogeneity, disturbances, productivity trophic interactions; (ii) connectivity rates (iii) spatial scale, (iv) community properties traits (v) use taxonomic/phylogenetic or functional metrics processes. We find there is to-date little consistency among suggest future should now address (i)-(v) differ between habitats organisms this, turn, influences temporal spatial-scale dependency microorganisms.

Language: Английский

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A comparative analysis reveals weak relationships between ecological factors and beta diversity of stream insect metacommunities at two spatial levels

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. 1235 - 1248

Published: Feb. 23, 2015

Abstract The hypotheses that beta diversity should increase with decreasing latitude and spatial extent of a region have rarely been tested based on comparative analysis multiple datasets, no such study has focused stream insects. We first assessed how well variability in insect metacommunities is predicted by group, latitude, extent, altitudinal range, dataset properties across drainage basins throughout the world. Second, we relative roles environmental factors driving variation assemblage composition within each basin . Our analyses were 95 from 31 distributed around used dissimilarity‐based indices to quantify for metacommunity and, subsequently, regressed (e.g., number sites percentage presences). Within metacommunity, combination eigenfunction partial redundancy partition structure into environmental, shared, spatial, unexplained fractions. found more important predictors than ecological geographical basins. In within‐basin analyses, variables generally poor composition. results revealed deviation general biodiversity patterns because did not show expected trend latitude. also call reconsideration just predictable assemblages are along gradients, implications assessment conservation decisions. findings may be applicable other dynamic systems where predictability low.

Language: Английский

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Ecological drivers of multiple facets of beta diversity in a lentic macroinvertebrate metacommunity

Limnology and Oceanography, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 62(6), P. 2431 - 2444

Published: April 26, 2017

Abstract Community ecology has broadened considerably with the recognition that it is not only at species‐level data where biological patterns and their determinants should be studied. Rather, also functional phylogenetic examined, as they may provide important information for both basic applied fields such conservation bioassessment. We thus explored distance decay of taxonomic, functional, community compositions along spatial environmental gradients within a boreal lake metacommunity. used distance‐based methods (i.e., Mantel test, correlograms db‐RDA) to examine different facets phylogenetic) components total, turnover nestedness‐resultant) in relation variables. found species benthic invertebrate communities varied mostly gradients, but were weakly related distances between lakes. showed solely variation across lakes, these relationships generally weak. Our exploration beta diversity added knowledge by adding views, which rarely been done studies aquatic metacommunities. Such valuing lakes bioassessment because ecological underlying mechanisms explored.

Language: Английский

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Environmental heterogeneity determines the ecological processes that govern bacterial metacommunity assembly in a floodplain river system

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 2951 - 2966

Published: July 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver–response relationships to develop conceptual models across ecosystems

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98(4), P. 1388 - 1423

Published: April 18, 2023

ABSTRACT Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. differentiation, in turn, increasing Overall, changes the dissimilarities (termed ‘beta diversity’) an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change Anthropocene. Empirical evidence biotic and differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta‐analyses quantify prevalence direction beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying drivers such changes. By conceptualising mechanisms that contribute or composition space, environmental managers conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required sustain predict potential outcomes future disturbances. We systematically reviewed synthesised published empirical for terrestrial, marine, freshwater realms derive conceptual models explain diversity. pursued five key themes our review: ( i ) temporal change; ii disturbance regime; iii connectivity alteration species redistribution; iv habitat v trophic interactions. Our first model highlights how occur function local (alpha) diversity regional (gamma) independently invasions losses due occurrence assemblages. Second, magnitude depends on interaction between variation (patchiness) (synchronicity) events. Third, context redistribution, divergent have dispersal characteristics, associated with also strongly alpha gamma prior invasion. Fourth, positively linked variability, when heterogeneity decreases increases, respectively. Fifth, interactions influence via modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, by altering ecosystem productivity. synthesis multitude cause more less spatially similar (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through consider studies should aim enhance collective understanding systems clarifying driving focusing only reporting per se .

Language: Английский

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