Observed and Projected Impacts of Climate Change on Marine Fisheries, Aquaculture, Coastal Tourism, and Human Health: An Update

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: April 19, 2016

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) states that climate change and ocean acidification are altering the oceans at a rate is unprecedented compared with recent past, leading to multifaceted impacts marine ecosystems, associated goods services, human societies. AR5 underlined key uncertainties remain regarding how synergistic changes in likely affect systems, humans respond these events. As research has accelerated rapidly following AR5, an updated synthesis of available knowledge necessary identify emerging evidence, thereby better inform policy discussions. This paper reviews literature capture corroborating, conflicting, novel findings published cut-off date for contribution AR5. Specifically, we highlight scientific developments climate-induced socioeconomic sectors, including fisheries, aquaculture tourism. New evidence continues support redistribution benefits losses multiple scales across coastal socio-ecological partly resulting from species ecosystem range shifts primary productivity. efforts have been made characterize value services context change, specific relevance ecosystem-based adaptation. Recent studies also explored interactions between climatic drivers, found strong variability different life stages. Although may improve conditions some types freshwater aquaculture, potentially providing alternative opportunities adapt wild poses risk shellfish fisheries aquaculture. increased prevalence disease under warmer temperatures uncertain, detrimentally health. induce tourism flows, substantial geospatial economic costs revenue infrastructure protection repairs. While promising, adaptation approaches still emerging, require improved understanding values communities order assess risk, aid development planning, build decision systems.

Language: Английский

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Host adaptation and unexpected symbiont partners enable reef‐building corals to tolerate extreme temperatures

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 2702 - 2714

Published: Feb. 11, 2016

Abstract Understanding the potential for coral adaptation to warming seas is complicated by interactions between symbiotic partners that define stress responses and difficulties of tracking selection in natural populations. To overcome these challenges, we characterized contribution both animal host algae thermal tolerance corals have already experienced considerable on par with end‐of‐century projections most reefs. Thermal Platygyra daedalea from hot Persian Gulf where summer temperatures reach 36°C were compared conspecifics milder Sea Oman. had higher rates survival at elevated (33 36°C) nonsymbiotic larval stage (32–49% higher) adult life (51% higher). Additionally, hosts fixed greater mitigate oxidative (31–49% their Symbiodinium better retention photosynthetic performance under temperature (up 161% Superior vs. Oman was maintained after 6‐month acclimatization a common ambient environment underpinned genetic divergence algae. In P. samples, genomewide SNP variation clustered into two discrete groups corresponding sites. within tissues predominantly belonged ITS 2 rDNA type C3 D1a contradicting patterns other regions. Our findings provide evidence has enabled cope extreme Gulf. Thus, persistence populations continued will likely be determined evolutionary both, rather than single, partners.

Language: Английский

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Rare symbionts may contribute to the resilience of coral–algal assemblages

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 161 - 172

Published: Dec. 1, 2017

The association between corals and photosynthetic dinoflagellates (Symbiodinium spp.) is the key to success of reef ecosystems in highly oligotrophic environments, but it also their Achilles' heel due its vulnerability local stressors effects climate change. Research during last two decades has shaped a view that coral host-Symbiodinium pairings are diverse, largely exclusive. Deep sequencing now revealed existence rare diversity cryptic Symbiodinium assemblages within holobiont, addition one or few abundant algal members. While contribution most resident species physiology widely recognized, significance low background remains matter debate. In this study, we assessed how coral-Symbiodinium communities assemble components together constitute community by analyzing 892 samples comprising >110 000 unique ITS2 marker gene sequences. Using network modeling, show non-random 'clusters' symbionts. structure follows same principles as bacterial communities, for which functional members (the 'rare biosphere') long been recognized. Importantly, inclusion taxa robustness analyses significant stability host-symbiont overall. As such, highlights potential functions symbionts may provide environmental resilience holobiont.

Language: Английский

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Coral bleaching patterns are the outcome of complex biological and environmental networking

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 68 - 79

Published: Oct. 16, 2019

Abstract Continued declines in coral reef health over the past three decades have been punctuated by severe mass bleaching‐induced mortality events that grown intensity and frequency under climate change. Intensive global research efforts therefore persistently focused on bleaching phenomena to understand where corals bleach, when why—resulting a large—yet still somewhat patchy—knowledge base. Particularly catastrophic 5 years catalyzed calls for more diverse set of management tools, extending far beyond mitigation protection, also include aggressive interventions. However, effectiveness these various tools now rests rapidly assimilating our knowledge base into integrated frameworks. Here, we consider how intensive has established basis complex biological environmental networks, which together regulate outcomes severity. We discuss enough scaffold conceptual frameworks underpinning susceptibility, but new are urgently required translate this an operational system informing—and testing—bleaching outcomes. Specifically, adopting network models can fully describe predict metabolic functioning holobionts, is regulated doses interactions among factors. Identifying gaps limiting operation such logical step immediately guide prioritize future experiments observations. at time‐critical point implement capacity resolve patterns emerge from biological–environmental so effectively inform evolving ecological social adaptation aimed securing reefs.

Language: Английский

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Nitrogen pollution interacts with heat stress to increase coral bleaching across the seascape

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(10), P. 5351 - 5357

Published: Feb. 24, 2020

Climate change is increasing the frequency and magnitude of temperature anomalies that cause coral bleaching, leading to widespread mortality stony corals can fundamentally alter reef structure function. However, bleaching often spatially variable for a given heat stress event, drivers this heterogeneity are not well resolved. While small-scale experiments have shown excess nitrogen increase susceptibility colony we lack evidence in pollution shape spatial patterns across seascape. Using island-wide surveys availability within Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework, tested hypothesis interacts with two dominant genera branching Moorea, French Polynesia. For both genera, Pocillopora Acropora, primarily drove prevalence (i.e., proportion colonies on bleached). In contrast, severity an individual bleached) was positively associated genera. Importantly, interacted up twofold when high relatively low. Our finding trigger severe even under low implies mitigating nutrient may enhance resilience communities face mounting stresses from global climate change.

Language: Английский

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Increased dominance of heat-tolerant symbionts creates resilient coral reefs in near-term ocean warming

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(8)

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Climate change is radically altering coral reef ecosystems, mainly through increasingly frequent and severe bleaching events. Yet, some reefs have exhibited higher thermal tolerance after severely the first time. To understand changes in eastern tropical Pacific (ETP), we compiled four decades of temperature, cover, bleaching, mortality data, including three mass events during 1982 to 1983, 1997 1998 2015 2016 El Niño heatwaves. Higher heat resistance later was detected dominant framework-building genus, Pocillopora, while other taxa similar susceptibility across Genetic analyses Pocillopora spp . colonies their algal symbionts (2014 2016) revealed that one two lineages present region ( “ type 1”) increased its association with thermotolerant Durusdinium glynnii ) stress event. This lineage experienced lower compared “type 3”, which did not acquire D. Under projected stress, ETP may be able preserve high cover 2060s or later, composed associate However, although low-diversity, high-cover could illustrate a potential functional state for future reefs, this only temporary unless global greenhouse gas emissions resultant warming are curtailed.

Language: Английский

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Integrating cryptic diversity into coral evolution, symbiosis and conservation

Nature Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(4), P. 622 - 636

Published: Feb. 13, 2024

Language: Английский

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Cross-feeding modulates antibiotic tolerance in bacterial communities

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 2723 - 2735

Published: July 10, 2018

Abstract Microbes frequently rely on metabolites excreted by other bacterial species, but little is known about how this cross-feeding influences the effect of antibiotics. We hypothesized that when species each for essential metabolites, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) all will drop to “weakest link”—the least resistant in monoculture. tested hypothesis an obligate system was engineered between Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Methylobacterium extorquens. The tetracycline ampicillin were both liquid solid media. In cases, inhibited at significantly lower antibiotic concentrations community than monoculture or a competitive community. However, deviation from link” also observed communities apparently as result changes timing growth cross-protection. Comparable results clinically relevant involving facultative Pseudomonas aeruginosa anaerobic consortium found lungs cystic fibrosis patients. P. grown isolation. These suggest alters tolerance antibiotics variety systems.

Language: Английский

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Role of host genetics and heat‐tolerant algal symbionts in sustaining populations of the endangered coral Orbicella faveolata in the Florida Keys with ocean warming

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 1016 - 1031

Published: Dec. 15, 2018

Abstract Identifying which factors lead to coral bleaching resistance is a priority given the global decline of reefs with ocean warming. During second year back‐to‐back events in Florida Keys 2014 and 2015, we characterized key environmental biological associated resilience threatened reef‐building Orbicella faveolata . Ten (five inshore, five offshore, 179 corals total) were sampled during (September 2015) recovery (May 2016). Corals genotyped 2b RAD profiled for algal symbiont abundance type. O. at inshore sites, despite higher temperatures, demonstrated significantly better compared offshore. The thermotolerant Durusdinium trenchii (formerly Symbiondinium ) was dominant endosymbiont type region‐wide initial (78.0% sampled) final (77.2%) sampling; >90% nonbleached dominated by D. host genotyping found no genetic structure among reefs, but sites showed high level clonality. While none measured parameters correlated bleaching, 71% variation 73% proportion attributable differences between genets, highlighting leading role genetics shaping natural patterns. Notably, rarely from previous studies, even bleaching. likely driven repeated two warmest years on record (2014 2015). On Upper Keys, most abundant, had highest resistance, contained , illustrating causal link heat tolerance ecosystem change.

Language: Английский

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The past, present, and future of coral heat stress studies

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(17), P. 10055 - 10066

Published: Aug. 22, 2019

Abstract The global loss and degradation of coral reefs, as a result intensified frequency severity bleaching events, is major concern. Evidence heat stress affecting corals through symbionts consequent was first reported in the 1930s. However, it not until 1998 event that urgency for studies became internationally recognized. Current efforts focus only on examining consequences but also finding strategies to potentially improve thermal tolerance aid reefs survival future climate scenarios. Although initial were limited comparison with modern technological tools, they provided foundation many today's research methods hypotheses. Technological advancements are providing new prospects at rapid pace. Understanding how have evolved important critical assessment their progress. This review summarizes development field date assesses avenues research.

Language: Английский

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