Earth system data cubes unravel global multivariate dynamics

Earth System Dynamics, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 201 - 234

Published: Feb. 25, 2020

Abstract. Understanding Earth system dynamics in light of ongoing human intervention and dependency remains a major scientific challenge. The unprecedented availability data streams describing different facets the now offers fundamentally new avenues to address this quest. However, several practical hurdles, especially lack interoperability, limit joint potential these streams. Today, many initiatives within beyond sciences are exploring approaches overcome hurdles meet growing interdisciplinary need for data-intensive research; using cubes is one promising avenue. Here, we introduce concept how operate on them formal way. idea that treating multiple dimensions, such as spatial, temporal, variable, frequency, other grids alike, allows effective application user-defined functions co-interpret observations and/or model–data integration. An implementation combines analysis-ready with suitable analytic interface. In three case studies, demonstrate its facilitate execution complex workflows research across variables, spatial temporal scales: (1) summary statistics ecosystem climate dynamics; (2) intrinsic dimensionality analysis timescales; (3) We discuss emerging perspectives investigating global interacting coupled phenomena observed or simulated data. particular, see approach interpreting large-scale model ensembles. latest developments machine learning, causal inference, integration can be seamlessly implemented proposed framework, supporting rapid progress disciplinary boundaries.

Language: Английский

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High-Resolution Reanalysis of the Mediterranean Sea Biogeochemistry (1999–2019)

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Nov. 29, 2021

Ocean reanalyses integrate models and observations to provide a continuous consistent reconstruction of the past physical biogeochemical ocean states variability. We present reanalysis Mediterranean Sea biogeochemistry at 1/24° resolution developed within Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) framework. The is based on Biogeochemical Flux Model (BFM) coupled with variational data assimilation scheme (3DVarBio) forced by Nucleus for European Modeling (NEMO)–OceanVar Centre medium-range weather forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5 atmospheric fields. Covering 1999–2019 period daily means 12 published validated state variables, assimilates surface chlorophyll integrates EMODnet as initial conditions, in addition considering World Atlas Atlantic boundary, CO 2 observations, yearly estimates riverine nutrient inputs. With use multiple observation sources (remote, situ , BGC-Argo), quality qualitatively quantitatively assessed three validation levels including evaluation variables fluxes several process-oriented metrics. results indicate an overall good skill simulating basin-wide values variability variables. uncertainty reproducing mesoscale weekly temporal scale satisfactory chlorophyll, nutrient, oxygen, carbonate system epipelagic layers, whereas increases few (i.e., oxygen ammonium) mesopelagic layers. vertical dynamics phytoplankton nitrate are positively evaluated specific metrics using BGC-Argo data. As consequence temperature salinity documented over last 20 years invasion, we observe signals indicating deoxygenation, alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations, decreases pH surface. new, high-resolution reanalysis, open freely available from Service, allows users different communities investigate spatial scales (from multiyear scales) interaction between processes shaping marine ecosystem functioning.

Language: Английский

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A fast‐moving target: achieving marine conservation goals under shifting climate and policies

Ecological Applications, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: Sept. 24, 2019

In the Anthropocene, marine ecosystems are rapidly shifting to new ecological states. Achieving effective conservation of biodiversity has become a fast-moving target because both global climate change and continuous shifts in policies. How prepared we deal with this crisis? We examined EU Member States Programs Measures designed for implementation environmental policies, as well recent European Marine Spatial Plans, discovered that is rarely considered operationally. Further, our analysis revealed monitoring programs protected areas often insufficient clearly distinguish between impacts local stressors. Finally, suggest while novel Blue Growth approach may jeopardize previous efforts, it can also provide opportunities. Adaptive management way forward (e.g., preserving ecosystem functions hotspots, identifying targeting refugia protection) using Planning framework action, especially given push Growth.

Language: Английский

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Autonomous marine environmental monitoring: Application in decommissioned oil fields

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 668, P. 835 - 853

Published: Feb. 22, 2019

Hundreds of Oil & Gas Industry structures in the marine environment are approaching decommissioning. In most areas decommissioning operations will need to be supported by environmental assessment and monitoring, potentially over life any left place. This requirement have a considerable cost for industry public. Here we review approaches primary operating environments associated with - namely structures, pipelines, cuttings piles, general seabed water column show that already available autonomous systems (MAS) offer wide range solutions this major monitoring challenge. Data direct relevance can collected using acoustic, visual, oceanographic sensors deployed on MAS. We suggest there is potential both savings substantial improvement temporal spatial resolution monitoring. summarise trade-offs between MAS current conventional successfully carry out much viable alternatives where match approach not possible.

Language: Английский

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A Global Plankton Diversity Monitoring Program

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: June 14, 2019

Plankton are the base of marine food webs, essential to sustaining fisheries and other life. Continuous Recorders (CPRs) have sampled plankton for decades in both hemispheres several regional seas. CPR research has been integral advancing understanding dynamics informing policy management decisions. We describe how can contribute global diversity monitoring, being cost-effective over large scales providing taxonomically-resolved data. At OceanObs09 an integrated network surveys was envisaged 2011 existing formed Global Alliance Surveys (GACS). GACS first focused on strengthening dataset by identifying documenting best practices, delivering training workshops, developing database. This resulted initiation new manuals that enable be standardized integrated. is not yet global, but it could expanded into remaining oceans; tropical Arctic regions a priority survey expansion. The capacity building groundwork done, funding required implement vision sampling program supports decision-making scientific communities. A key step analysis optimize design. Further developments include expanding multidisciplinary measurements via additional sensors, thus maximising ship-of-opportunity platform. For example, defining pelagic eco-regions based ancillary data support high seas Marine Protected Area Fulfilment Aichi Target 15, United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals, Essential Ocean Variables Biodiversity Observing System Group Earth Observation's Observation Network respectively defined requires taxonomic resolution, spatial scale time-series approach provides. Synergies with networks exploiting satellite sensors explored, realizing Survey's validate earth observation ground-truth emerging observing platforms. fully ocean system understand inform sustainable decision-making.

Language: Английский

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