Conceptualizing soil organic matter into particulate and mineral‐associated forms to address global change in the 21st century

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 261 - 273

Published: Oct. 6, 2019

Managing soil organic matter (SOM) stocks to address global change challenges requires well-substantiated knowledge of SOM behavior that can be clearly communicated between scientists, management practitioners, and policy makers. However, is incredibly complex separation into multiple components with contrasting in order study predict its dynamics. Numerous diverse schemes are currently used, making cross-study comparisons difficult hindering broad-scale generalizations. Here, we recommend separating particulate (POM) mineral-associated (MAOM) forms, two fundamentally different terms their formation, persistence, functioning. We provide evidence highly physical chemical properties, mean residence times soil, responses land use change, plant litter inputs, warming, CO2 enrichment, N fertilization. Conceptualizing POM versus MAOM a feasible, well-supported, useful framework will allow scientists move beyond studies bulk SOM, but also consistent scheme across studies. Ultimately, propose the as best way forward understand dynamics context necessary recommendations managers

Language: Английский

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Soil carbon storage informed by particulate and mineral-associated organic matter

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 989 - 994

Published: Nov. 18, 2019

Language: Английский

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Life and death in the soil microbiome: how ecological processes influence biogeochemistry

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(7), P. 415 - 430

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

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Tamm Review: Influence of forest management activities on soil organic carbon stocks: A knowledge synthesis

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 466, P. 118127 - 118127

Published: April 8, 2020

Almost half of the total organic carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems is stored forest soils. By altering rates input or release C from soils, management activities can influence soil stocks forests. In this review, we synthesize current evidence regarding influences 13 common practices on stocks. Afforestation former croplands generally increases stocks, whereas grasslands and peatlands, are unchanged even reduced following afforestation. The conversion primary forests to secondary reduces particularly if land converted an agricultural land-use prior reforestation. Harvesting, clear-cut harvesting, results a reduction floor upper mineral soil. Removal residues by harvesting whole-trees stumps negatively affects Soil disturbance site preparation decreases top soil, however improved growth tree seedlings may outweigh losses over rotation. Nitrogen (N) addition has overall positive effect across wide range ecosystems. Likewise, higher faster accumulation occur under species with N-fixing associates. Stocks also differ different species, coniferous accumulating more broadleaved tending store There some that increased diversity could positively affect temperate subtropical forests, but identity, seems have stronger impact than diversity. Management stand density thinning small effects high populations ungulate herbivores, herbivory levels increase plant biomass for fodder fuel related Fire such as prescribed burning reduce less so wildfires which intense. For each practice, identify existing gaps knowledge suggest research address gaps.

Language: Английский

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A trade-off between plant and soil carbon storage under elevated CO2

Nature, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 591(7851), P. 599 - 603

Published: March 24, 2021

Language: Английский

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Mycorrhizal Fungi as Mediators of Soil Organic Matter Dynamics

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 237 - 259

Published: Nov. 2, 2019

Inhabiting the interface between plant roots and soil, mycorrhizal fungi play a unique but underappreciated role in soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. Their hyphae provide an efficient mechanism for distributing carbon throughout facilitating its deposition into pores onto mineral surfaces, where it can be protected from microbial attack. Mycorrhizal exudates dead tissues contribute to necromass pool now known dominant SOM formation stabilization. While lack genetic capacity act as saprotrophs, they use several strategies access nutrients locked thereby promote decay, including direct enzymatic breakdown, oxidation via Fenton chemistry, stimulation of heterotrophic microorganisms through provision rhizosphere. An additional mechanism, competition with free-living potentially suppresses decomposition, leading accumulation. How these various nutrient acquisition differentially influence formation, stabilization, loss is area critical research need.

Language: Английский

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Soil organic matter formation, persistence, and functioning: A synthesis of current understanding to inform its conservation and regeneration

Advances in agronomy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 66

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Different climate sensitivity of particulate and mineral-associated soil organic matter

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 295 - 300

Published: April 29, 2021

Language: Английский

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Root effects on soil organic carbon: a double‐edged sword

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 230(1), P. 60 - 65

Published: Nov. 16, 2020

Summary From recent developments on how roots affect soil organic carbon (SOC) an apparent paradox has emerged where drive SOC stabilization causing accrual, but also destabilization loss. We synthesize current results and propose the new Rhizo‐Engine framework consisting of two linked components: microbial turnover physicochemical matrix. The is driven by rhizodeposition, root turnover, plant uptake nutrients water, thereby accelerating through both mechanisms. This emphasizes need for a more holistic approach to study root‐driven dynamics. would provide better understanding effects sequestration sensitivity stocks climate land‐use changes.

Language: Английский

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Mycorrhizal types differ in ecophysiology and alter plant nutrition and soil processes

Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 94(5), P. 1857 - 1880

Published: July 3, 2019

ABSTRACT Mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants by improved mineral nutrition and protection against stress, yet information about fundamental differences among mycorrhizal types in trees their relative importance biogeochemical processes is only beginning to accumulate. We critically review synthesize the ecophysiological ectomycorrhizal, ericoid arbuscular symbioses effect of these on soil from local global scales. demonstrate that guilds display substantial genome‐encoded capacity for nutrition, particularly acquisition nitrogen phosphorus organic material. associations alter trade‐off between allocation roots or mycelium, traits such as root exudation, weathering, enzyme production, plant protection, community assembly well response climate change. exhibit differential effects ecosystem carbon nutrient cycling affect elemental fluxes may mediate biome shifts also note most studies performed date have not been properly replicated collectively suffer strong geographical sampling bias towards temperate biomes. advocate combining carefully field experiments controlled laboratory with isotope labelling ‐omics techniques offers great promise understanding ecophysiology services types.

Language: Английский

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